THE MAORI IN POLYNESIA.

Taranaki Daily News, Volume LI, Issue 240, 3 October 1908, Page 4

THE MAORI IN POLYNESIA.

(By Jauies Izi-tt.-AU Hights lt«rv«l| ' At tills stage a, hitherto ■ueyleuii'tt witlii'M uiuy be allied to testify. When t'ai»taiu Cook lirst «#• Norfolk Island there were no people living there, liecuiue he fouwl lio inlmliitauts, -and lie camo to the conclusion tili'al the i-ilaiul liiwl never beeu inhabited. Governor I'hillip luul not been many days .in Ne.w South AV-ale« before, at-liug upon in--itriK-tiojis. He sent it [turty ol* six•leeu to Norfolk Islti.ml, its possession Ibeiilg deemed of consequence by the 'British Uovernment'.iii order to l'ost"r tho cultivation of Zmlaiul lla x[xlant. This party found tihe island so thickly covered 'with trees that there wari scarcely any tspaee upon which t.o ftrtilk. They ilian lieen in occupation t' i the island for some time 'before il o:Wwred to them that the banana and vtlier (nut-growing 'trees ilid not grow promiscuously in accordance with the general laws of 'nature. They grew in regular rows. These trees, it dawned upon them, lead evidently .been plant-d J>y the nand of man. A little wlv.le later, when clearings had been made, tools were discovered, and these tools being slwwu to the Maoris of New Zealand—'who hud ibeen kidnapped in tiler 'native land and 'brought to the island ■they at onee declared 'that they w ere in all respects similar to the tools that were in past times used by their ancestors. I'nki and Uru at once identified theui. Now the bearing ol these fnots is most important. It will oe seen at onee .that —by the identification of the tools —Norfolk Island was at one

time inhabited by a people similar '.o the Maoris of New Zealand, a ilaori people, and they had abandoned the island. Why? The ilaori of New Zetland is attacked to his wife, for any iviola-tion of the law of ujntineiicy w (visited with heavy punishment; nevertheless, il he loses his wife he does nut grieve overmuch, for he can easily get ■another. He is mure attached to his ehildreii', the produce of his, own blood. (But U'bove all things the .Maori was Ibound Jo the Jand which fed him. I!ie 'land upon which were his plantations, of kurnera und taro; the land upon 'which he laboured industriously; the land where he speared his birds or snarled his rats; the land upon which was. his home—the land was everything to him. If the student is in any degree acquainted with the legends of the 'Maori he must be aware of those traits of character. The importance of a. tribe was not derived from the mere extent of the country they occupied, but front the food-producing quality of their land. Tblis is shown inu measure by the story »f Kahu-rerenioa, who Bed from the Country of her own people t>j become tihe wife of Taka-kopiri, and who, as tike approached that <part of the country where he dwelt, limde somewhat anxious enquiries us to the condition lof his people. " And is the country of that 'mountain rich in food?" she talked. The rejjy to which was given in the words: "Oh, in thai Innd tiiere are kiores and kiwis und wekas and ijnijgeons and tuis. Why, that mountain, is famed for the muiiiber and variety k>f the 'birds that iuhiibit it." As 'with •the European to-d-.iv, so with the Maoii; ■it was not the extent of country tli.it iwus Lottsidered, it was the wealth whk-h ;the land contained which gave it value. •When I'aoa visited his elder sons in the ■Waikato they resolved to detain him so that o c-hieJ of his age and power ■might Ik- employed in iblessing their •plantations. Other quotations might be jgiven here to show the value which the Maori people always attached to the of kind. Kx-vpt over •matters of iit^ult—real or suj»}io-:ml—ute acquisition of rich food-produ"ing country was tile eause of all their wars. iiXow. here in, Norfolk Island was a land •rich in the possession of everything tin Maori prized—birds, vegetables, fruit—iwhilst the neighbouring seas abounded (in fish. So fertile did Norfolk Island prove to he that, almost from the very ■Brat the Europeans sent there I>y Guvrtoor ll'hillip were able to sustain tliei.i•selves, and this notwithstanding the ifact that they found the whole island covered with large trees. It is scarcely •possible that there could have been susli il dense growth of pines (p. uuricaria excelza) -when the island was ill Maori occupation, because the tools discovered nvere not found until some parts of the Iforest luul been cleared away, and, naturally, these tools would be left near ■to where once the homes of the inhabitants stood. Why, theu. should the •Maori people forsake a laud so rich ill 4ill the tilings which were to them the iiiiost inestiinajile of 'blessings?—a la'id Inhere they ]iad ; I>ut to tickle the surface of the soil with a stink and the kmuera and the taro would utmost immediately appear; a land which t'liey had planted •with fruit-bearing .trees, no doubt with iiuuch patience and labour; a land abounding in oirds; a land surrounded fljy s cas teeming with fish; a laud which, to them, must have seemed a veritable Iparadise. Yet, with all the Maori's strong attachment to the soil, with all ■the devoted love they cherished for their 'homes, they forsook this land—every soul—and left it to desolation. Why? ilt ha? been suggested here that Hawaiki was in the neighbourhood of Norfolk kjand—that some portion of the lost irJlliki coiitil even have been seen from the shores of this remaining laud i—and that, as it were, in. a night 11awaiki disappeared from sight. How •would such a catastrophe bp likely to 'affect the minds of the dwellers upon i-Vorfolk Island? Would not they be stricken with amazement anil terror? 'ln the hour of fearful panic would notitlieir impulse—an overwhelming impulse i—be to flee? Possibly the submergence occurred in the day time, and they were Witnesses to the awful natural phenomenon. and then the paralysing terror ■that would fall upon them may, perhaps, lie imagined. It is not improbable, also, that Norfolk Island itself at the same time subsided consider.!,lily, and in that event- the homes of file Mkioris dwelling by the shore, their canoes, and the great bulk of the inhabitants must have ibeen lost. Such ail awe-iitspiring visitation would satisfactorily account for the •abandonment of Norfolk Island hv its Maori inhabitants, and nothing short of some such terrible catastrophe can. Tiie Ktiuleifct will probably hesitate to accept this .suggestion; no doubt, lie would •infinitely prefer to find Hawaiki in some 'land still existing: tliu is a perfect'y ■natural feeling, but in -ucli an enquiry as this—the seeking for a land which <i» l»-t to moral knowledge, the land of ■extinction - lie i> bound by the evidence, •and .he hum. perforce, accept the conclusion. whatever that conclusion may '!«■• to which the evidence lead-. He N •a~keil liow is tin- complete abandonment of Norfolk Island to be accounted for. ■except upon the hypothesis of the occurrence of an overwhelming Inure Iv •emu-ted by nature? lie j, asked to ■throw his mind back over the acceptcl •evidence which ha> been here detailed Upon the occurrence of subsidences and ■submergences upon the largest -'-ale ;n New Zealand, to remember that ll,i--'Waiki was near to New Zealand, and ■thai traditions—which could not have •been matter of invention tell of similar physical disturbance, having taken place ill the 10-it laud. It. is uol llcee*isarv to imagiu,, tha the Maori dwellers on Norfolk Island were actual witnescs

•of the catastrophe of Mtbniergence: for ■them to miss the land with which they were perfectly familiar would lie ijuitc to create a panic. Ai;ain. swh «n event eouhl scarcely occur withinl •leaving s oine of its trace behind: some portion of the dead -and dHlnis would inevitably be cast upo n Un-ir >hores to •fill their heart* with tear. Pr<M»f would he afforded them that a perfectly awful calamity had occurred: then, in ternr t)f their own lives, they would take to •their canoes and tly. Whither wonid they hetake themselves? Certainly u» the Wands lying away to the northeast—to the islands from which thenforefathers, after their entry into the •Paeith*. •originally came, tin- islandwith which tliey held nm*) 'tho hhnids with the people of whi-h they were most familiar. It is to ].,> remembered that it was only from tl • •west, east, and enacts of llawaiki that emigrants for Xew Zealand departed. and therefore it is nnf. improbable that the existence of the newlyfound land of Aoteu-roa was little. ! kno'wn to t hose who inhabited ti.e '•north. Those who lied, therefore. fi<r.ii! l'\orfo!k l-land would uo to the nor'h-i | ! ea-it. tn Karotonga. tn Tahiti, and nit] jo the where they would •spread the tale—as it is'found to-day - ! of an Ihwaiki tluit once was a land' •thai «>n<*«" lay to tli«* westward, a -ha- 1 "dnwy l:tJul of dealli. and a land of -j tinefioii." A-toiii-hing as it may -eem.: there are now living who hav •re<-orded the fad that to liie penple <•;" ■the "Marqne-as Hauaiki nie ; ui- " i he j «.badov\ y uuder w oi Id of death, and ev--n j of 'extinction.'" withoni apparei'tlv i.i' the least c'unprejo'iiding what the word; ext ill'l inn " -imiiti---: and ..I ' •moist immediatelv afieCward, ibi-vhaxcj sot fhem-elves d-'.'.vn to wrbe books de-| •signed to prove fhai Ifawaiki la >• somrKvhere Uj 'thc north ca-t uf New Zealand.

Surely since tjisl. the wondrous und no less brilliant story of British literature 'began to be unfolded, there never was « work with a more amazing title than 'that of "The Aryan-Maori"! It is possible, of course, that some ■other reason than that stated here may •be found for the deserted and desolate condition in which .Norfolk Island was discovered !by the Europeans who first established a settlement there, but no one as yet has ever attempted to find any such reason. The facts in connection with Norfolk Island have been passed over without a word of suggestion or enquiry from any one. The •student, 110 doubt, will feel bound to ad- : lnit that what has been suggested here •fully and satisfactorily accounts for the condition in 'which Norfolk Island j ■was found, and that it is in harmony | •with the ideas and beliefs regarding IH'awai'ki entertained by the peoples inhabiting other islands throughout the Pacific. If there be any indisposed to ■accept the views here put forward, i\ is. of course, open to them to formulate their objections, and at the same 'time to submit some other cause, or •causes, which might more reasonably account for the abandonment of Norfolk Island. Turning again to the traditions of the •Maori, leaders of " ilaori Lure " ini'ty remember that Whiro, a noted rover of the olden time, sought a refuge on t.'ie scas from the vengeance of his enemies, carrying aw'ay with him Tura. (his brother), Tiira's wife, and infant child (lra-tu-roto). Wearying of Tura's morose disposition and his grumblings, 'Whiro resolved to seize the first opportunity to get quit of him. Putting in to the island of Otou, Tura was th.'i'e ■landed and abandoned, whilst Whiro sailed awav onward to Vavau, bearing Tura's wife and child along with him. Vavau is all island belonging to the Tonga group, and lying to the southward of Vavau is a group of small islands, of which it i s highly probable that Otea 'was one. After many years, 'lilad passed and Ira-tu-roto had attained 'to .manhood, he resolved to return to Hawaiki, the land of his ancestors. (Leaving Vavau, it occurred to Ira-ai-to to to put in at Otea in order, if possible, to ascertain what had become of his father. He found Tura, a poor, decrepit, helpless old- man, and bore him iltack to his home and people in Ha- ■ 'waiki to die. This story points to the conclusion that lilawaiki was situated 'where it has been placed here on t'ae ■map. There is yet one more legend which in this connection is still more interesting. While out sailing with a ■number of other voting Hiicfs, Kalmi ■was swept away from Jhe shores of 'Hawaiki by a violent storm which lasted very many days, and the storm was 'followed by a thick fog, which also lasted for a considerable period, so that all ■reckoning of the position of the voyagers was completely lost. Having been at sea for a long time, llahui and his companions at length reached a land •where they found tile inhabitants "large of limb, heavily built, and very darkskinned—a' strange people indeed." l'roni the description thus given, tliest people were evidently of negritic origi l, and the island they inhabited was in. all probability New Caledonia. Then, l'roni this island inhabited by a very dark people Italnii and his companions sailed away northwards. In this instance there is no doubt whatever nn to the course followed; it is distinctly stated to have .been to the north. •Again, after many days, they came to a laud occupied by a 'people '• genei-.il!;.' tall and thin, very fair, with hair like to the feathery spray of the toi-toi when it blooms, a very delicate-looking people." Now. the student will find 'hereafter that a people answering to this description did lit one period ac tually occupy the most of the islands of Polynesia, and so there can be no doubt of the fact. It was this people by whom the great works, pyramids, courts, statues, landing-places, weirs, the ruins of which are to be found today upon many of the islands, were constructed. That matter, howcv •!•. will be dealt with presently. This failpeople certainly occupied the Caroline Islands, but it is probable that where liahui and his companion's came into contact with them was in the Salomon Croup. At all events, it is clear that ■the islands were 'liahui found tlieni nvere north of the islands occupied by the very dark people, •ltahui and his companions married and settled a.nioug this very fair people with hair like unto the bloom of the toi-toi, anil again, after long veal s had lied, .ltnluii, his children. and his grandchildren sailed away southwards to Hawaiki, to the laud of liis ancestors. The land occupied by the very J'air people therefore was somewhere to the northwards of New Caledonia, which, with the exception of Norfolk Island, was the nearest laud to •lltiwaiki where Jfawaiki lias been bleated on the mil)). This evidence is as clear as il is valuable.

A comparatively few yKirs ago the c were in the colonies of Australia very many who were very well acipiaint"d with the troubles attendant upon emigration. The settlement of old affairs., the gathering together of household floods, the Lares and of their old home, the 'proposed to take with them, and the most trying ta>k of all. •the task of bidding "Hood-bye"—in fill •human probability an eternal 'adieu— Lo beloved relatives, dear friends, and smpiaintanees. As the shores of tludr 'native land slowly faded from view, nvhat piercing heart-break, alas, wis 'theirs! Amidst the trials incident to life in a new land, cast amongst peoole who were to them utter strangers, facing labours, difficulties, struggles to whieli they were altogether unacens'tomed, and which, perchance, they were •altogether unqualified to overcome. JH any one of them ever fail to bestow a ihonght upon the land, dear to them, ■where their childhood had beeu passed, where perhaps ihev had married and had children iborn to them, u|>on the atl'iX'tionate relatives .from whom they were parted, upon the friends in wluw.? •business* concerns they had shared r-r taken 'an interest, upon those with ■whom they had joined in pastime or in .art? Lives there a single emigrant who can truthfully declare that his thoughts •have never gone hack to the land of his birth without some feeling of regret, more, or less heart-ln'eaking in nature? The ancestors of the Maori came lo •New Zealand as emigrants. The. nanvs •of some sixteen canoe? 'are given as

■the transports, and not improbably| these sixteen canoes brought about one thousand s«nls. It by no means follows that, because the names of >ixl ecu canoes are specifically mentioned there 'were no others. These sixteen were simply the first eanoes. They were the le-ading canoes iu the great wave of emigration: tliev wove canoe* aU;u-h"d to which there was a story more or le-s important and historical: they brought to Aolea-roa certain chiefs, progenitors of families, and their gods, also certain planl* and -animals: there were incidents with their voyages iwhirh were held to be of I'liaraefer: names and I he the people they carried T.'vrv (Teemed worthy of being embalmed in legend and song; ilmt it is not therefore to be concluded that the people brought bv these sixteen eanoes eo'n-pri-ed the whole emigration. In "Maori •"Mythology.'' 'a work from the pen of tin-, late Sir George Grey, [lie story of the emigration i< told, and from that •work if might, reasonably enough, be ;< —limed that, the canues there mentioned were all that ever reached Aot":i« ma from Ifawaiki; but. iu ''Maori <teirc," to the "Maori stories told by S ; r George Grey i., added the legend of •'Tanialea." and it is made clear that tint hern and hi* people were also enr:yrants from Ifawaiki. Again, at a meetiiii of the members of the New Zealand I'nslitule, held on the 25th of August, ISfiS. Tareha, at (hat time a member of the House of Representative*. *ni<l flnl. at the period of the emigration. •*;ill tlin.ii' who came fir>t in the Tanefewa skilful in the art oT carving.'* \Y«r name of the Tanetewa is no* In In* found recorded in anv of the li- 1 s of I In- r anocs of the emigration which have hitherto 'been published; Tareha appear- to be the onlv generally 'known authority thai, knew anything abn:i( ■the Taneleua having been one oV the v.in«»r- of the emigration. In view of these facts it mav he how many 'more enterprising chiefs and famous eaiiiK s were th'Te that ventured (he -ea from llawaiki at the time of the emigration of whose names nothing is now known people whose performance* •were considered not worth making a iiboiil'! And "when tradition h is been exh'ati-led—when the names of all j the hemic chieftains, mystical Inhumes. and celebrated eanoes have been gnfherI ed together and put into a book— I ih.miv more canoes came alonsr in the I ike of the great chiefs to XeW Zea- , l nid. canoes bringing people so vanthg ) ~i) claims {o consideration that the rej ..ord n-f their deed* was not worthy vt ! ovf-emii".? Then, tradition gives the jpiiii.-. of certain of the emigrants to i AoU'a-roa who returned to TTawaiki: the | " Tree dug from the Earth." if. may 1"' I 'remembered, carried one hundred and forty -warriors to TTawaiki and brought theni all cutely back again to their

I 'adopted laud. Is it to bo concluded ! t because unly the names of some , four <«• live redoubtable chiefs arc given i as having returned to ll'awaiki that no others wont buck? Is it -a fair thing . to say that at the time of the . lion a penny post had not boon properly lestaiblishcd .between Hawaiki and Kew ; Zealand; there was not, even the con- , ivenieiice. oj' telegraphic coniniunciatirm , between thi' two lands. iNo matter how [powerful a chief might be, lie could not send his photograph to his relatives in his native land in order to show how years, and toils, and worries were teilill{s upon him in the new country. If he de-ked to convey this or any other interesting information, there was but one course open to hini, and that was to go bank thither himself. .Now, iwitli liawaiki only some live or six days sail away—when canoes such as the AXaoii ill those times used to go backward and 'forward between the two lands exposed to very little danger—is it to be Sa'lieved that there was very little intercommunication? This is a branch of tlie question upon which writers upon i" The whence of the .Maori" have never touched, .because, except to pick out tlie one fact that there 'Was such a place as iiawaiki, they (with the exception of the liev. \V. L'olenso) have ignored the legemls of the .Maori altogether. ■Apparently, it is expected to be belie yd I that, tho Maori at the period of the ■emigration was completely destitute of all natural feeling; that iie never gave ■thought to his native land, nor to the relatives and friends he had left there. The .Maori, no doubt, was a, savage; uuquestionably, as compared with the ignorance prevailing to-day, the ignorance 01 the .Maori was very great; but the ■fact affords 110 good reason for heaitlessly depriving him of all credit for the possession of the ordinary feelings of humanity. The evidence, which will ■be submitted later, goes to prove that ■frail as Maori canoes might be considered, the M'aoris wandered from island to islaiul all over the vast expanse of Polynesia, lvupe, Xgaliue, Wliiro,and ; otiicr chiefs, fearful of the vengeance iof their foes, lad no hesitation in taking to the sea. The canoes of the 'Maori could weather the severest and most protracted storms, and even when engulfed in a maelstrom could triumphantly emerge from the trial. A voy.Jigc of six or seven days was comparatively a mere nothing* to the .Maori, and down to the days of the advent 'of -the European, by land or by sea, it was the principal delight «f the Maori 'people to go visiting tl'.eir friends. Thi s fact is conspicuously revealed in their ■legends/ As for their possession of ■natural feeling, that was cliielly displayed upon occasions when tliey ar■rived or departed from the villages or 'pas of their friends, wlion it wouid 'burs't forth with 110 uncertain sound. 'lf the student is unacquainted with the 'hospitable Maori 'as he was in bis primitive home, let him read the legends of the race before lie ventures to pro'nonnce hint to be utterly callous and 'devoid of tender feelings. iiawaiki, 'then, having been comparatively near ■to Aotca-roa. the Maori being familiar 'with the making of lone voyages, the 'Maori being of an essentially allcctio'i'atc disposition and fond of making ■visits to his friends, it is a fair con.elusion to arrive at that a very great deal of inter-communication must ha-.-e Subsisted between tlie, two places—iiawaiki and Aotea-roa. How, then, came ■it to pass that that intercommunication ceased —ceased quite suddenly as if-a Irving thing—it had been slain by the iquii-k. sharp stroke of a knife? According to natural order the .Maoris of 'Aotea-roa should be found visiting the '.Maoris of liawaiki even unto this day. 'Again, it is dear that the conditions ■which once subsisted could only have 'been destroyed by the occurrence of ■some terrible natural convulsion. Alas, 'there came a day when voyagers to 'liawaiki could not lind the well-known shores they sought. They sailed over ■and over the waters where, according to tlieir reckoning, iiawaiki ought to. have been, but- tliey found it not. Tliey 'Were ballled. Not improbably when ■they returned to Aotea-roa they toid •sonic story—the best they could conceive—to account for'their failure: that ■winds and currents had carried them'j awav from tlieir true course; that the land' had I,ccn hidden l.y a. fogv that ti some mysterious way—readily acceptable to the Maori mind—the gods had interfered to prevent them from finding 'liawaiki. Had they been C-lilisti-ins they might have imagined that liawaiki had been suddenly wafted up to heaven, or swept down into the oilier place wilii which —judging from the frequency of ■tlieir references—Christians are too K'iniliar, and where there is 110 land u>r any water at all. What would be the natural result of such an experience? (Gradually, as canoe after canoe returned alter nutking a fruitless search for the lost land, tlie ■making of voyag-s would die away, and then doubts would ■arise in regard to the true direction in which iiawaiki had existed. As a ■matter of fact, this is exactly what Iris occurred, from those who had lied from .Norfolk Island, the Maoris away in the ■north-east—Haratong.i, Tahiti, the liar<piesas— would learn the true story of the fate which had overwhelmed liawaiki, and In them, very properly, 11m'waiki would appear a.s the spirit-lan.l, ■the land which had gone down into the ■under-world, the. veritable land of " extinction.'' To the -Maoris of Aotea-roa ■the memory ot liawaiki was never lost —it was the land from which tlieir fathers came—the land of their ancestors- and the stories connected with the great emigration, from the leaders of which chiefs, and tribes, and families are descended, 'have been carefully treasured Ui this day. To tliein it was the land 01 •• extinction"; it is as real to them to-day as it ever was. With regard to all liiis there is abundant evidence ln'iore the mind of the student. Tlius. by the aid of the deductions of scientists derived from the physical evidences afforded iby Xc.w Zealand, by ai l of legends derived from liawaiki itseli. and through the medium of the traditions ui' the Maori people in various ■ islands of Polynesia. Hawaiki has been located here in the only place where il is jHissible to locate the vanished hwul without being confronted with perfectly insurmountable dillietilties. Its disappearance lias been here accounted for by the operation of natural causes. The land of "extinction" is extinct. ' H only remains to .be said, in th s Connection, thai in New Zealand trees and plants are found which are not indigenous hi any of the islands ol the. Pacific: I. it may lie alliriued that | tliev ale not indigenous lo any other country of the world. The traditions oj J the Maori declare that these trees and | plant s were indigenous to Hawaiki, and that tlieir ancestors brought tin- secdsf i'vom -which llit-v are derived with tUc-n from liawaiki during tire period itf emigration* There is not the least reason for doubting the reliability of Hie traditions in this respect. Ail, then, ili.it TGiuaiup to l Jt . <louc is to discover a land trees and plants are indigenous and Hawaiki is found. There does not now exist any such land. The original home of these trees and plants has vanished, just lis Hawaiki ha> disappeared from, human sight. Hut if liawaiki be lost and dead. Hawaiki livs about u- hen l in Xew r Zealand in 11:.waikiV children—in trees and planU and people. All these belong, assuredly, to till' lost laild. As tlie Maoris of Nm\v Zealand were discovered by the Kuropeaus one hundred and thirty-live years ago, mo the Maori id' liawaiki were iit the centuries -which have passed awn*.

! Tim student is now about to mentally wander a.\vay rt»von«r.st the islands of the wide Paciiie, seeking to follow in flu* .footsteps of an Arian people which owe occupied Polynesia—a civilsed people who have left the murks of their onetime presence upon many lands. TJy tli'.'ir works he 'will kno-w tlieui. Then 'lie will find the original liomc 01 t/ne Maori. ic>i in the AMalic Archipelago, lint in India, not ;> 1- the base of (be Himalayan mountain*. but in phi mi- where it was -v<>sstil»lc for him to ■•rain a knowledge of tin* isle* ol I'arifin and IhV conditions existing anions | hi-m essenl ially peaceful. prosperous, inviting conditions sueli as would all too -iirely lure a ruthless *ava<:e lorlh. When all is done hithoii^hls will turn anain to the lost, illawaiki the land of extinction-am! ho will -be convinced ihat the vanished land could not have been anywhere eUe ihan whore its oiic-tiino position has been, here indicated.

*"Amon»>l tbe numerous said to have been brought by them (tbe •Maoris) to "New Zealand wen- several of |lir wild New Zealand birds—such as Hie swamp pukeko, tlie urecu pa rroipU't. (lie -wood-hen. and manv t»l Irer<: also (hi 1 N'eW Zealand rat; and. with Iho exotic plants, 'jhe karaka tree, which last, they everywhere planted: 'lull, unfortunately i'n|- (beiii. the !ree i- not found unvwhere cl-e." "The Maori Race* of \Vw Zealand:* bv tin' lb'V. W. fWn-o. K.I,S. Trail-. X.Z. Inst., vol. 1. pJlfff! fit).