THE NEW TURKEY.

Waikato Times, Volume 119, Issue 19904, 5 June 1936, Page 4

THE NEW TURKEY.

RIGIMI 0F MUSTAPHA KIMAL. BUILDING A NATION STATE. The rise and decline of the old Turk—ish empire and the building of the new Turkish republic under .\lustapha Kemal were described by Mr A. J'. Campbell. lecturer in history at the Christchurch training college, in an ad—dress to the \\‘orkors\ Educational As—sociation. Mr Campbell traced briefly the rise of the .\iohammedans and the creation of the Seljuk and Ottoman empires. He outlined the work oi‘ the great sul—tans, and explained the reasons for the rise and fall of Turkish power. The Sultans, ‘he said, had become weak, debauched creatures, and the old discipline had relaxed after the admission of free Turks to the army and to the civil service. Right through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Turkey had stead—ily fallen. Three attempts had been made to re—estoblish her. The first under Abdul—Hamil had been built. round a. revival of the Moslem religion. l The second had been an imperial move ‘ under the Young ’l‘urk party. It had: led to the establishment of a liberal]‘ constitution, but this deteriorated, and l fbécame a disguised ahsolutism. Then came the war and the shattering of the empire. Tremendous Odds. It was the third attempt. under the leadership of Mustapha iix'emai, that had at last succeeded in the face 01' itrcmendous odds. At the end of the war Turkey was politically and eco—nomically disorgauiscd. But there were t'arlors making for her continuance. The Allies were not united” Soviet ltussia was not her enemy; and i the treaty—making at Versailles gavel Turkey a breathing~ space at two years. In this moment when all seemed in—dciinitc, Rental came to prominence. lie had led an adventurous life as a revolutionary and a soldier. In spite of his line war record in the service oil Turkey, he was not trusted, and in} 1919 he was sent to mid-Anatolia as a military inspector. That was hlsi chance. Away from outside interfei‘-‘ ence he built up a strong nationalist party. and in the 1919 elections won a majority of seats. Turkey was proclaimed an independent nation. The deportation of -’io nationalist members from Constantinople was the I first mistake of the Allies The second '\\‘as the puhliralion of the Treaty ot‘ Sevres, which would have deprived 'l‘urkey at her important scat—(zoast areas. Finally. the lirveks were al—lowed lo invade ’i‘urlmy. Kcnlal al .\nguru, organist-d n resistance \\'llii‘ll expellrd nut. only the tirccks, lull llin .\rinrliians and the Kurds, in 19'1"}. the Sultanate \\as almlislied, and tilt: sm’orriirnly ol‘ lhr .\‘allnnal .\>St‘lii]il)' \\:l,< prm-laiint'd, with Round as ili‘st pin-sidl'nl. A StrlCt Dictatorship. .\lr tlnlnplwll said that Turkey wasl ulnlvr one of the sirirtest dirtaiui‘sliipsl in HIV llllltll‘l'll World. The outward ulvnlwrallr i'nrm.» disguised this furl. it was [run that “lt'l't' was adult sut'—' lraur. lvul lx'cniai's t‘nlllmi'rs \\l‘l'!‘ the only plil'liainl'ulary randillntl-s, and ”mi l'.:i [urmlilriai gnu'i'nnrs \\<'l'r ht'll't'tl‘tll liy lu-niul. I The nimlurnisalinn of Turkey hull} inn-n rapid in nanny splivrrs. Till" l.;ili[lll:ilv imll ilt‘i'll ililllilhtii‘d; Ili'vss.; l'ihttlllh, and l.l\\ liml :n-rn l't‘\‘ulll|illil—‘s isrll; and i-dln-Jliun \\.is non sun-Idahi Iwnml‘s solo aim \\ns lilt‘ establish-i iltl'lll nt' :1 slrwn; 'l'lll'lxisli nnlinn. llv, Ilvlil pllrsui-ti ll unliuliaiisliu m'ninnnir‘ pnlil'). Frirniih rl-lalinnn lnld lwrn} i'lliliHllt'li \\illi lillssli and tiri-m'r. and llllll'l‘ rm'vntlj: ii inullml .\uspirinn ..1‘ Italy hull iii-nlinlil 'l'ui'lu'y and lirilaini l‘ll>>t‘|‘ liiuz'lliv-r. .\lilslnplm l\'l-In.il. .\lr tialnpln-ll ail—l Ilwl, llad liuill n ‘l'llrltisli nation.” slalni llml >|li>\\i-tl Hi'li't‘ siuiis ul' ill.l|\ili_-.: .11 rvnl l‘liilll‘li‘ll'liill in I'll' if:':- ”1' Hit.‘ \\urid than old 'i’urlicg' excr did. l