DAIRYING.

Waikato Times, Volume XVIII, Issue 1504, 23 February 1882, Page 3

DAIRYING.

A keckxt issue of the Marl Zanc Express contains a report of a most exhaustive paper on dairy farming, read by Mr G. M. Allemler, Managing Director of the Aylesbuvy Dairy Company, before tlie Central Fanners' Club. Mr Allemler begins by saying that four years ago he publicly stated that dairy fanning in .England has undoubtedly been greatly neglected, and that at the shows of the leading Agricultural Societies, the products of the dairy "were umecognised. This reproach, he was glad to say, no longer existed, for dairy -work had been made a special feature at the four last meetings of the Koyal Agricultiual Society of England, and other Societies had followed the example. Great progress has been made m the mechanical appliances for dairy work. Four years ago Mr Allender possessed the only " butter worker" in the country, and now there are many hundreds in daily use. Cream separators, the mofct ingenious of all dairy machines, have been greatly improved and brought to a high degree of perfection. The cream can be so completely freed from milk, that it will make as much as 18oz of butter to the quarc of cream, whereas by other methods* seldom more than lfloz to the quart, and often much less is obtained. The advantage of this highly concentrated cream is obvious now that it is understood how essential it is to obtain butter perfectly free from casein. Mr Allender maintained that if proper care were exercised in the selection of dairy cattle the produce would be increased by fully one-third. To this end he advocates keeping a careful record of the quantity and quality of the milk yielded by each cow in the dairy. This is a very s'lr-ple matter to accomplish, and lwfeels assured that any dairy farmefTJJjG once made it a practice of noting; it^eiy ield obtained from each cow 'would fe*J ihe advantage so much that lie 1 would always continue it. His advice to keep the bebt cows, obtainable, and to feed them well. A cow, from a dairy I farmer's point of view, should be a . machine — a very sensitive and wonderfully constructed machine for converting food into milk. Not sufficient attention js generally given to the watering of cows. They will drink foul " water when ' jt is near rather than go a distance', and very often they' have -no -choice-in the 1' - matter. A plentiful supply of good . \ wbotegoitte water js of ,tUo- greatest iitt< stem;

portance in dairy farming, as on this the quality of milk and butter in no small matter dedends. Salt is also a necessity to a cow. In the matter of churns, Mr Allender saya lie is constantly asked which is the best. He is decidedly in favour of those put together like boxes such as Bradford's, or Thomas and Taylor's. He finds that the churns mentioned, by reason of their angles, will do the work with a minimum of dashers inside. Concussion, and not friction, is what is required, and this is obtained much more effectively in a box than in a barrel. In answer to the question whether cieam should be churned sweet or slightly " turned," he is in favor of the latter, but the exact state of acidity, and how it is to be brought about, is still a matter of some doubt. Investigations in this direction are being made by scientific men both in France and Germany. It appears likely that the " germ theory" will take an important part in dairy work, both in the manufacture of cheese and butter. It has been found that when, for the purpose of "turning" the cream, daily churned, some sour buttermilk from tliß previous day's churning is used, after a certain length of time, some fresh milk must be allowed to become sour, this being used instead of buttermilk and new seed, as it were thus provided. One of the points which Mr Allender , wishes to impress most forcibly upon the minds of the English dairy farmers is> the necessity of making \»p the produce in a, marketable form. In this matter the English buttermakers and butter dealers aiealong way behind the Ficnch, In buying English butter it is necessary to j sample every lot, while a hundred boxes I of French butter may safely be bought by the contents ot one box. Indeed, in many cases the brand alone is sufficient. Agents of large butter merchants in Normandy attend the local markets and buy the butter from the farmers, who in thenown interest attend to rules laid down by the buyers. It is then caited to stores or factories and put through a machiue, so that instead of having a great number of different lots varying from 201b to .501b each, they turn out many tons a-day of precisely the same sample. The result of this is that if the butter is not better than that sent to market by English farmers, it commands a higher price and more ready sale, because it is in a more maiketable condition. Mr Allender recoommends co-operation among the dairy farmers. He has been told hundreds of times that farmers will not associate, but his conviction is that they will if they are so fortunate as to meet a man in whom they have- confidence to organise the association. He instances the Gillingham Dairy Farmers' Association, organised by Mr J. Williams ]3ell, as a model of which he should like to see many copies. The figures relating to the doings of this society for 18S0 are as follows : Eleven fanners contributed ].">1,28] gallons of milit. This was partly sold as milk and cream, the rest made into cheese and butter, and although chiefly summer milk, the sum received for the milk and its products, not counting the whey, was £5120, and the total working expen&es, including rent and rates, interest on capital, manager's salary, commission, fuel, repairs anil renewals, — in fact all charges, came to just Jd per gallon.— Canterbury Tunes,

Tlih law ot the harvest is to reap more than you sow. Sow an act ami you reap a habit ; sow a habit and you reap a character ; sow a character and you reap a destiny. Mil Morrison, the manager of the Mosgiel Woollen Factory, has leceived the tollowing letter, accompanying the gold medal awarded at the Melbourne Exhibition. This, ib the only medal of the class that has been iU\arded iv New Zealand : — <l Wellington, February Ist. The manager of Mobgiel Company, Dunedin. Sir— l ha\e the pleasure of transmitting io yon, in a separate registered packet, the gold ined.il which has been aw arded to your company as an official recognition oi the fact that the company's exhibit at Melbourne wa& lcuomiiiended by the committee of jurors* as worthy of the prize offered by the Emperor of Germany for the best established industry in the Australian colonies. — 1 am, &c, James Hkctob, Executive Commissioner.

Ax Illumixatjon or Matches. — A novel illumination took place the other day in Rome on the occasion of the Queen of Italy's birthday. When their Majcstips appeared on the balcony, eveiyone struck a match and held it in the air ! The effect was quite pretty. It seemed as if the air were filled with fireflies. The reason for this novel kind of illumination was that all tho gas of the town was turned oil', on account of a tremendous tire that had 'burst out in a palace near the gasworks, and for piudencc the gaa was turned ofl, and Rome was in pitch darkness all night. The city of Milan sent the Queen an album of congratulations for her birthday, signed by 52.000 Milanese ladies and gentleman.

Ghostly Visit ytioxs. — Mr J. N. Maskelyne, writing to the London Daily 'Airgraph, bays :— " Having for many years been recognised by the public as an anti-spiritualist and exposer of the frauds practised by spirit media, it may surprise some of your readers to learn that I am a believer in apparations. Several similar occurrences to these described by many of your correspondents have taken place in my own family, and in the families of near friends and relatives. The most remaikahle one happened to my wife's mother some years ago. Late one evening, whilst sitting alone busily occupied with her needle, a strange sensation came over her, and upon looking up she distinctly saw her aged mother standing at the end of the voom. She rubbed her weary eyes, and looked again but the spectre had vanished. She concluded it was imagination, and retired to rest, thinking nothing more of the vi&ion, until the next day brought the news that her mother, at about the same time the apparition had appeared, had fallen down in a fit and expired. I will also relate a circumstance which happened to myself, as it may tend to throw some light upon these common occurrences. When a boy, and learning to swim, I got out of my depth, and. was very nearly drowned, being insensible when taken out of the water. My sensations were similar to those which have been described by others. After the terrible feeling of suffocation I feel into a pleasant swoom, and a panoiama of all the principal incidents of my life passed before me. The last thing I could remember was a vivid picture of my home. I saw my mother, and could describe minutely where she sat and what she was doing. Upon returning home I kept the secret of what had happened from her. She, however, questioned me closely, and said she felt strangely uneasy and anxious abobt me and thought s6ine acoideut had befallen me. lam convinced that had it been night time, and my mother alone, with little to occupy her attention, she would have seen my ghost, and perhaps the ghost of the water which closed over my head, as plainly as I saw her ghost, and the ghost of the room in which she was sitting. In after years, when pondering over these and other facts, I came to the conclusion that it was quite possible for one mind- occasionally- to». influence another, no matter how great the distance apart, especially, wjiere Vtwol hearts beat as one', or, more correctly, speaking, wfeero two brauw vibrate ir* uwtfon."