PREVIOUS POLAR DISASTERS

Wairarapa Age, Volume XXV, Issue 10713, 13 February 1913, Page 6

PREVIOUS POLAR DISASTERS

LOST LEADERS AND EXPEDITIONS. The exploration of the Antarctic in the past lia.s lieon remarkably frc-o from <lisaster, and in no previous expedition has the leader or any number of the members perished. In the North Polar regions the loss of hfe has-been much heavier, and the following is a list of the expeditions, the leaders of which died in the Arctic:— 1503,—Sir Hugh Willoughby aii<l the crews of his two ships perish oif the Kola Peninsula, near tho White Sea, JOB! Charles Jackman and the crew of liis ship are lost in returning from Nova Zembla, 1610.—Henry Hudson, after ing Hudson Hay, is set adrift by mutineers on liis ship in an open boat with his little son and some sick -men, and is never hoard of

again. 1619.—Sixty-one of the 61 men of Jens Munk's Danish \\p.?dition in. search of the North-West Postage die while wintering near the Churchill River, and Mnnk. and a boy sail home in the smallest el" the expeditions two .ships. 1711. —Captain Vitus Bering is wrecked on tho Aleutian Islands, and dies of scurvy with most of his crow. ]B-17-8 Sir John Franklin and the ■members of his expedition, comprising 129 souls pensh after three years in the Arctic in search, cf the North-west Passage. During tho many subsequent searches for this expedition, up to 1803, some 7000 miles of coast line was discovered. 1881. —Lieu, do Long (United States) and all ibufc three members of his , expedition perished near the mouth cf tho Lena, 1887. —TlieS wedish. aeronaut S. A. I Andree, with two companions, J leaves Spitsbergen in a balloon *i for the North Polo, ami is never afterwards heard of. 1902—Baron Tell and his expedition in the Zary.i disappear after exploring the New Siberia Islands. ]f)oo—L. Mylius-Ericksen, head of a f Danish, expedition, with his com- I panions, Hagen and Broulmul, | perish in a sledge journey 500 j miles in Greenland. I

PERSONNEL OF EXPEDITION. COMPLETE LIST. The following is a complete list of tho officers staff, and men of the expedition : —Captain R. F. Scott, C. V.0., R.N., commanding expedition, Western party; Lieutenant E. It. G. R. Evans, R.N., second in command, Western party; Dr E. A. Wilson, chief of scientific staff, zoologist, and artist, Western partv; Lieutenant [ V. L. A. Campbell, R.N., leader of the Eastern Party; Lieutenant H. L. L. PeimeJ, R.N., magnetic and meteorological work on the Terra Nova; Lieutenant H. E. de P. Rennick, R.N., Western party; Lieutenant H. R. Bowers (Royal Indian Marine), Terra Nova; Lieutenant W. Bruce, R.X.R., Terra Nova; Surgeon G. M. Levick, doctor, zoologist, etc., Eastern party; Surgeon E. L. Ati kinscn, R.N., doctor, bacteriologist and parasitologist; Mr ¥. R. H. Drake, R.N., secretary, Terra Nova; Mr C. H. Mearesr, in charge of the ponies and dogs. Western partv; I Captain L. E. G. Oates, Inniskillen Dragoons, in charge of ponies and dogs, Western party; Dr G. O. Simpson, physicist, Western party; M. T. Griffith Taylor, geologist, Western party; Mr George F. Wyatt, general manager; Mr E. W. Nelson, biologist, Western party; Mr D. G. Lillie" biologist. Terra Nova; Mr A. CherryGarrard, assistant zoologist, Western party; Mr H. G. Pointing, photographer, Western party; Mr B. C. Day, motor engineer, Western party ; Mr J. Allan Thomson, geologist, Western party; Mr C. S." Wright, chemist, Western party; boatswain, R.N., Mr T. Feather, charge of sledging outfit; boatswain, Mr A Cheet.ham, Terra Nova; chief engine-room artificer, R.N., Mr W. Williams, second engineer Terra Nova; engineroom artificer R.N., Mr J. H. Webb, third engineer. Terra Nova; chief stoker, R.N., Mr W. Lashley. assistant to motor engineer, Western party; chief steward, Mr W. Archer, Terra Nova; petty officer, R.N.— E. Evans, R. Forde.'T, Crean, T. S. Williamson, F. Parson, P. Keohane, Arthur S. Bailey, G. P. Abbott, O. V. Browning, J. H. Mather (all rating as seamen; able seamen—R.N.— H. Dickason, W. L. Herald, J. Paton (seaman); sailmaker, W. Smvthe; shipwright, R.N... F. E. C. Davis (carpenter); leading stokers, R. N. N. Brissenden and E. A. M'Kenzie. stoker, R.N.. W. Burton (rating as j firemen); stewards—T. Clessold cook, j F. Hooper, and W. H. Neall

ONLY FIVE WEEKS APART. SCOTT AND AMUNSDEN. It is interesting, in view of tho data to hand, to note that Captain Scott was only beaten for the honour of having gained the South Pole by five weeks. The Norwegian explorer, who was favoured with extraordinary fine weather conditions, attained the Pole of December 14th, 1911, and such were the meteorological conditions that he was able to spend three days on the spot taking observations. According to tho cable message from London, Captain Scott reached the Pole of January 18th, 1912, exactly

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30 days after Amundsen, and 33 days later had started on the return journey to the coast. It will bo remembered that a rumour was published cu Captain Amundsen's return to the effect that he had cabled to London tho news that Captain Scott had reached . tho Pole. This was subsequently denied by Amundsen, who could not understand how such a story originated.

POLAR RESEARCH GRANTS. CAPTAIN SCOTT HEADS THE LIST In a recent issue of the Nineteenth Century, Mr A. H. Harrison contributes an article, on the "Control of i British Polar Research." IncidentalIly he gives an interesting table sot- \ ting forth I:ho money grants by tho Royal Georgraphical Society to polar i expeditions since the year 1882. The i list is as follows: £ s. d. 1882—Evia Relief Expedition 1000 0 0 1802 —T)r Nan sen's Arctic Expedition 300 0 0 1896 —Sir Martin Conway (Spitsbergen) .'. 300 0 0 1901—National Antarctic Expedition (Scott) ... 0000 0 0 1902—National Antarctic Expedition (Scott) ... 3000 0 0 1903—Captain Amundsen's Expedition 700 0 0 15)0(5 E. Mikkelsen's Artie Expedition 200 0 0 1906 E. Mikkelsen's Artie Expedition 46 0 0 15)08—E. Mikkelsen's Artie Expedition 126 0 0 190!) Amundsen's Antarctic- Expedition ... 100 0 0 1910—National Antarctic Expedition (Scott) ... 000 0 0 1911 —National Antarctic Ernedition (Scott) ... 1000 0 0 15)12—Dr Mawson's Antarctic Expedition ... 000 0 0 The grants of money, therefore, had been mado as follows: £ s. d. To Scott's two Antarctic Expeditions T !)000 0 0 To British Polar Explorers 1800 0 0 To Foreign ~ ~ 872 0 0