THE ELLIS DRAWINGS: AN INVENTORY

Turnbull Library Record, Volume 10, Issue 2, 1 October 1977, Page 28

THE ELLIS DRAWINGS: AN INVENTORY

A. A. St. C. M. M.-O.

The collection consists of 49 leaves but there are frequently several sketches on any one page, and many bear drawings on both sides (indicated in the following list by adding A and B to the folio number— B for the verso) : hence 74 pages yield a total of 131 drawings. This list has been based upon the catalogue prepared by The South Sea Library but has been considerably amplified. The varied pieces are all on eighteenth century papers, the majority watermarked. Most of the inscriptions are in a hand that clearly corresponds with writing known to be by Ellis on material held in other collections. Seven signatures appear in the Turnbull collection, one being the variant form ‘W. W. Ellis’ which the artist sometimes used. The many queries in the inscriptions relating to localities would imply that Ellis added these after the voyage; and they would seem to confirm that he used several different sketch-books at any one period, and at random —f,I4A shows a view of Nomuka in the Tongan Islands while the verso, f. 148, has a sketch of a walrus. Some pages bear small numbers in ink (not quoted in the list) ; they apparently refer to pagination of a drawing book.

I have studied all drawings by Ellis known in other collections in England, Australia, Hawaii and New Zealand and they are all finished works —the material in the Turnbull collection is unique* in that virtually all are original sketches ad uivum, thus being of much greater value to the research worker. Of particular importance to the historian are the portrait studies of Tongan, Tahitian and Hawaiian chiefs who were closely associated with Cook—f.9B Fatafehi Paulaho, ‘King’ of Tonga; f.2OA Teto'ofa, ‘Admiral’ of the great Tahitian war fleet immortalised by Hodges; f. 238 Amo, consort of the Tahitian ‘Queen Oberea’ [Purea]; and f.44A Palea, who had greatly befriended Cook and his men at Kealakekua Bay until he was (according to Clerke’s account) involved in a small fracas on the afternoon before the fatal Sunday.

: Since Dr Hoare wrote his article, on a recent visit to Australia he discovered seven more original field drawings by Ellis tipped into a volume of Dixon’s A voyage round the world (London, 1789) in the National Library of Australia. These sketches complement the Turnbull holdings, being also working drawings done on the third voyage. I have not yet seen the originals myself. The items are: (1) Men in canoes in Sandwich Sound pen and wash 16.5 X 26.3 cm, (2) Portrait of a priest of Sandwich isles pen and wash (unfinished) 11X6 cm, (3) [A moral in the Sandwich Islands] pen and wash 22.5 X 32.4 cm, (4) Portrait of a man from N.W. coast of America Lat. 80.50. Snug Corner Cove pencil 10 X 9 cm, (5) A view of Hippa Island, Queen Charlotte Sound watercolour and ink 17.7 X 24.4 cm, (6) Chinese fisher boats pencil 14.8 X 25.5 cm, (7) Chinese [faces and figures] pencil 26.8 X 17.8 cm. It is hoped that still more of the series may now be identified elsewhere as a result of the publication of these articles.

f.l (Plate II) ‘View of the Entrance in [Christmas Harbour] in Kerguelan’s [jtV] Land. The other View is taken in the Harbour’ ink and colour wash 27.4 X 37 cm watermark: none Inscribed in ink u.r.; title partly defective where margin torn. Verso inscribed in pencil ‘Vol. 1, p.l2’ (refers to Ellis in his Narrative describing the desolation of Christmas Harbour). A detailed scene in in Kerguelen Island, painted in grey, palest brown and yellowish tonings; in foreground dead seal being eaten by gull, penguins and at right men in longboat and one man ashore, a massive rock formation mid-centre across the bay, Resolution and Discovery anchored at harbour entrance, with high rock archway off bluff behind them—this arch appears in Scott’s engraving in the Narrative, facing the reference above. Cf. ‘The other View’ by Ellis, a watercolour (53P) in the Rex Nan Kivell collection, National Library of Australia, Canberra (reproduced in Beaglehole, The Life of Captain James Cook, pi. 31), the same scene but much more stylized with some major variations; Webber’s wash drawing in the British Library (Add. MS 15513.3), very similar to f.l but much more formal (pi. 10 in Cook, The Journals . . . 111, ed. Beaglehole, pt. 1); and the engraving by Newton after Webber (pi. 4 in Cook and King, A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean . . . )

f.2 ‘New Zealand Warrior’ pencil 29.6 X 18.4 cm watermark: GR Inscribed u.r. in ink. Nude Maori from the rear (excellent anatomical detail, especially the musculature indicated), right arm upraised brandishing patu, a fringe of beard apparent, hair dressed in top-knot with 2 feathers. Cf. Parkinson’s wash drawings in the British Library (Add. MS 23920.54a/55) (plates 7 and 6 in Banks, The Endeavour Journal, ed. Beaglehole, v.2; and the engravings after them (pi. 13

in Hawkesworth, An Account of the Voyages . . . and pi. 16 in Parkinson, A Journal of a Voyage . . .).

f. 3 ‘A Woman of New Zealand’ pencil 26 X 18 cm watermark: none Inscribed 1.1 and signed and dated l.r. in pencil ‘W. Ellis fee*. 1777.’. Full-face, head and shoulders of young Maori woman, triple earring of feather balls in her left ear, cloak loosely over her right shoulder. Never reproduced.

f. 4 (Plate III) ‘South View of Mangia-nooe [Mangaia-nui], distant two Miles. See Ellis’s Voyage, Vol. 1, p. 33 and the Chart in Vol. I.’ (refers to coming up to Mangaia) ink and colour wash 24.1 X 36.9 cm watermark: LVG Inscribed on lower margin and signed l.r. on margin in ink ‘W. Ellis fecit’. When Cook discovered these islands named after him, the first to be sighted was Mangaia, the most southerly of the Lower Cook Group, on 29 March 1777. The drawing, in pale brown, yellow and grey tonings, shows the island as heavily wooded on the coast, breakers on the reef, in the foreground a canoe with small outrigger, paddled by two men, and confirming King’s description of the prow carrying

‘a perpendicular piece of about six feet long the uppermost end of which was shaped like the figure V’ (Cook, Journals 111, pt. 1, p. 78). Cf. the Ellis watercolour in the Hocken Library, Dunedin, ‘View of Discovery Island, March 1777’, s. & d. ‘W. Ellis 1779’. Mangaia was sighted by Discovery and Edgar had named it Discovery’s Island.

/.5a ‘South View of Mangia-nooe distant 2 Miles. See Ellis’s Voyage Vol. 1 p. 33 & the Chart in d°.’ pencil 18.2 X 30.1 cm watermark: GR Inscribed u.r. and signed l.r. in ink ‘W. Ellis fecit’; also, u.r. ‘Whatdue? [Atiu]; see back; Atooi?’—all crossed out. A preliminary sketch for f. 4 but with marked variations and much less detail. The canoe, however, in ink and pencil, is identical in detail

but the left-hand figure here appears to be only a small boy. Ellis seems a little confused, for Atiu was the second of the Cook Islands discovered, on 31 March. /.5b ‘Whatdue or Watieu [Atiu] Ellis’s Voyage Vol. 1 p.45.’ (refers to both men and women being clothed much in the Tahitian manner) pencil and wash Inscribed u.r. in ink and also u.c. ‘Whatdue’ in pencil. Three heads —quarter-face, profile and full-face respectively—the first man with long hair down his back held by a clip at the nape of the neck, the second and third wearing turbans, one with flowing plumes, the last with tufted feathers surmounting it and tied through a ribbon on his right.

/.6a ‘Whatdue or Watieu See Ellis’s Voyage Vol. 1, p.45.’ (see Lsb above) ink 20.2 X 16.8 cm watermark: GR Inscribed u.r. in ink and also u.c. in pencil ‘Whatdue’. Detailed rough sketch of a different type of canoe than that in f.SA, with much longer outrigger, and seat. /.6b ‘Whatdue?’ pencil Inscribed u.r. in ink. An elaborately-constructed fan, if not from Atiu then probably still of the Cook Islands. /.7a ‘Canoes of Whatdue, or Watieu. See Ellis’s Voyage Vol. 1 page 45.’ pencil 16.8 X 24.6 cm watermark: none Inscribed in ink below upper margin. Two quick sketches of outrigger canoes, disproportionate, each paddled by one man, that on the right having 3 coconuts behind him, with an island barely indicated at right rear.

/.7b Faint outline of hills, pencil /.8a (Plate V) ‘Trading place at Anamokka [Nomuka] or New Rotterdam Isles See Ellis’s Voyage Vol. 1. p.59’ (refers to ‘The chief of the island furnished us with a large hut ... in the front of which the market was held . . .’) pencil 19.3 X 31.2 cm watermark: GR Much less formally composed than Webber’s watercolour of the same scene and lacking his attention to the varied trees. To the left, under coconut palms, a cooper is shown and a group of Tongans around a sailor in front of the main house toward the right, with a smaller open house very clearly detailed beside it. (Heath’s engraving at p. 72 of Ellis’s Narrative features the latter fairly faithfully but the view is from the rear of the ‘market-place’ and is titled as being at Amsterdam.) The harbourside activity shown by Webber is not included by Ellis. Tasman had named Nomuka as Rotterdam Island, and Tongatapu as Amsterdam Island, when he discovered the Tongan Group in 1643. Cf. Webber’s drawing in the British Library (Add. MS 15513.7) and Byrne’s unusually accurate engraving from it (pi. 13, Cook and King, Voyage . . .).

/.8b ‘Amatafoa [Tofua]. S.S.W. View. Distant 8 miles.’ pencil Inscribed in ink 1.c., repeating a pencil inscription immediately above the drawing Lightly shaded profiles of the adjoining islands of Tofua and Kao in the Tongan Group. /.9a ‘Tonga taboo [Tongatapu] or New Amsterdam Isle S. Seas.’ ink and pencil 29.2 X 18.9 cm watermark: none Inscribed in ink u.r.; also in pencil u.c. ‘Tonga-taboo* and u.l. ‘1.63’ (refers to Finau taking Cook to the island of Hunga Ha'apai). Outline sketch of a girl with shoulder-length curling hair, wearing a small necklace and with cloth wrapped around waist and legs. /.9b ‘Feenou [Finau] Vol. 1 p.66’—the name having been crossed out. pencil Inscribed in pencil u.r. (refers to ‘Fatafee-Powlahow . . . above the middle

size, exceeding fat, and appeared to be about forty.’) Outline sketch of head and shoulders of a mature plump-faced man, which could well correspond with the description of Fatafehi Paulaho just given. Taking this into account and the crossing out of Finau’s name, the portrait seems likely to be of the T‘ui Tonga, as Janet Davidson postulates, allowing for the marked variations between this drawing and Hall’s engraving after Webber (pi. 17, Cook and King, Voyage . . .).

f.IOA ‘Canoe of the King of Anamooka or Rotterdam I. S. Seas. See Ellis’s Voyage Vol. 1 page 70.’ ink and pencil 13.9 X 19 cm watermark: none Inscribed above lower margin and signed in ink l.r. ‘W. Ellis fecit’. Sketch of large double canoe with elaborate superstructure, decorated, with thatched ‘deck-house’ toward rear; mast and large triangular sail barely indicated in pencil. Prominent at the stern is the long raked ‘flag-pole’ remarked upon by Ellis; the reference given in the title reads: ‘The royal canoe was distinguised from the rest by a small bundle of grass, of a red colour, fastened to the end of a pole, and fixed in the stern of the canoe in the same manner as our ensign staffs.’ /./0b ‘Royal Canoe of Anamooka or Rotterdam, one of the Friendly Isles in the South-Seas, see Ellis’s Voyage Vol. 1. page 70.’ pencil Inscribed above lower margin and signed in ink l.r. ‘W. Ellis fecit’. A rough sketch of the same vessel depicted in f.IOA but here shown with about a score of figures aboard.

{.ll ‘Friendly Isles?’ pencil 18.8 X 30.4 cm watermark: GR Inscribed in ink l.r. and in pencil u.r. ‘1.70’ (refers to quotation at FIOa). Another rough sketch, not dissimilar to f.IOB, of another Tongan double canoe, with 11 figures shown around a large deck-house and sail set with much more complex rigging. f. 12 ‘View of Middleburgh [Eua], one of the Friendly Islands. S. Sea.’ ink and colour wash 39.6 X 17.3 cm (folded down centre) watermark: none Inscribed in ink on lower margin; inscribed in pencil on verso ‘1.59 70’—crossed out and corrected to ‘BB’ (refers to ‘Eaoowe ... by far the most pleasant of the whole, and is interspersed with lawns, hills, and dales, as beautiful as can be conceived.’) Southernmost of the Tongan Islands, Eua is seen from the sea, with a small boat on the beach, wooded coast-line and bare hills above. Edgar confirmed the enthusiasm of Ellis, writing of ‘some of the most Romantick & beautiful Valleys in the World . . . the whole Island is a little Paradise.’ The drawing indeed makes it look most attractive.

/./3a & /./4a ‘Friendly Isles? S. point of Annamokka [rtc] Capt. D’ pencil 18.3 X 30.9 cm (each piece—to be joined as a panorama) watermark: GR (on each) 13a inscribed in ink ‘Friendly Isles?’ u.r. and in pencil ‘1.59.70’ crossed out, corrected to ‘1.87.’ (p. 86 in fact refers to Nomuka as being ‘of a very moderate elevation, and is well clothed with trees of various kinds . . .’ 14a inscribed in ink u.r. ‘Friendly Isles?’ with the rest of the title given above, in pencil l.r. Parallel pencil lines, double, stretch across the junction of the two pieces and are followed by a question mark, possibly to mark the position of a canoe at sea. The coastline is shown from at sea, with heavy growth above the rocky shore surmounted by numerous coconut palms, and a low rock face where land ends at right, the ‘S. point’, on 14a. In the centre of the left-hand view, 13a, below a small beach backed by a low rocky bank, is inscribed in ink ‘yellowish’. /./3b Rapid sketch of double canoe with mast and deck-shelter, taken head-on, possibly from the ship, looking down upon the canoe, pencil

/.74b Rough sketch of large-tusked head and forepart of walrus. Inscribed in ink, u.r., ‘Morse’. A walrus is included in the Ellis works in the British Museum (Natural History). /.75a ‘Friendly Isles?’ ink and wash 29.5 X 18.6 cm watermark: GR Inscribed in ink u.r. and below in pencil ‘1.59 70’, crossed out and corrected to ‘1.91’ (refers to descriptions of the Tongans, continued to p. 93 where Ellis states ‘long hair is a mark of distinction, and none are permitted to wear it but the principal people. . . . This is the only place where we saw shaving in fashion . . .’, the method being described). Drawing of head and shoulders of a young man with short flowing hair and a light short moustache, with cloak slung over his right shoulder; below, head only, an older man with full short beard, moustache and short curly hair. /.75b pencil A woman’s head, full-face; part of a woman’s face, drawn quarterface, with long eye-lashes; a male child’s face; a woman’s face, in profile, flowers in her hair; outline of a nose and one eye; lower part of a man’s arm, resting weight upon a long-fingered hand.

/.76a ‘Friendly Isles?’ pen and wash; and pencil and wash 28.9 X 17.5 cm watermark: GR Inscribed in ink u.r. and below in pencil ‘1 91’ (see f.ISA above). A young man’s head, full-face, full head of short hair, thin short moustache, and light, short, small beard; an older man’s head in profile, wispy hair and moustache and short beard, prominent nose. /.76b ‘Friendly Isles?’ pencil and wash Inscribed in ink u.r. and below in pencil ‘1.59 70’ crossed out, corrected to ‘1.91.’ A mature man’s head in quarter-face, with thick long hair, small moustache and light beard; and the same man, in profile.

/.77a ‘Friendly Isles?’ pencil 16.4 X 19.5 cm watermark: GR Inscribed in ink u.r. and below in pencil ‘1.59.70’ crossed out, corrected again to ‘1.91’. A woman’s very strong face, drawn almost full-face, thick close hair. /.77b ‘Fr. I. Friendly Isles.’ ink and pencil Inscribed in ink u.r. An outrigger canoe, with an older man to rear holding up a ?book and a young man toward the prow, with long hair and necklace, both with torso bare. Below, a broadheaded paddle.

f.lB (Plate IV) ‘Canoes of the Friendly Isles.’ sepia ink and wash 29.6 X 19.3 cm. watermark: Pro Patria Inscribed in ink, below top margin, and in pencil faintly u.r. ‘l. 59-70’, crossed out, corrected to ‘l.llo’ (i.e. 1.56, where Tongan canoes are mentioned in passing). Three different aspects of small outrigger canoes in great detail, especially as to lashings—side view with outrigger in foreground, attached to 2 curving supports on canoe; side view from above, across canoe to outrigger with 2 double vertical supports on outrigger; and plan view taken from above inverted canoe, with outrigger attached to each arm by 2 horizontal crossed supports. Cf. Walker’s engraving of a Tongan canoe at v.l p.llO of the Narrative, which is very similar to these though not identical with any one; the man is using a broad-bladed paddle like that in f. 178.

/.79a Tahitian Priest in ceremonial mourning dress, pencil 31.3 X 19.2 cm watermark: Pro Patria Inscribed in ink u.r. ‘See Cook’s Voyage by Ellis.’ A rough but detailed sketch on which is based Collyer’s engraving at v.l, p. 130 of the Narrative, this confirms the other versions although with marked variations. The elaborate headdress and costume are very similar but the fashion and

length of the skirt are different; the hand at left holds a small object, but the arm on the right is extended, holding upright a large shark-tooth-studded ceremonial ‘sword’ in place of the familiar staff. Cf. the drawing in the British Library attributed to Sporing, Add. MS 23921.32 (reproduced in Banks, The Endeavour Journal, v.l, pi. 15) and the ?Parkinson drawing, Add. MS 15508.9, engraved as part of pi.s by Woollet in Hawkesworth’s Account . . . f.l9n ‘Otaheite?’ pencil Inscribed in ink u.r. Rough sketch of large open hut, banana palm and breadfruit tree indicated at left and another tree barely outlined at right. On extreme right a small sketch of a nude muscular man, from rear, holding over his right shoulder a small branch to which are tied 3 ?coconuts.

f.2o\ ‘Tohaw’ [Teto'ofa] pencil 18.7 X 27.4 cm watermark: Pro Patria Inscribed in ink u.r. and also in pencil immediately above the figure, with ‘1.137’ at extreme right (refers to ‘many of the principal arees, among whom were . . . Potatow, and Tohaw . . . the lord high admiral, as we used to call him . . .’, but Towha was the more usual spelling). A fleshy, mature man seated in a chair, naked to the waist, with short-trimmed beard and hair dressed in top-knot. He was an important chief, from Faaa in the Oropaa distirct of Tahiti (Cook, Journals 111, pt. 1, p. 198). /.20b ‘Otaheite?’ pencil Inscribed in ink u.r. Sketch of young people—2 ?boys seated and a girl standing in a well-detailed outrigger canoe, the boy in centre holding a paddle; 5 figures in a double canoe —at left a seated woman wearing large hat, with paddle, a squatting child and a seated man adding fish to those already caught, at right to the rear a seated ?woman with paddle and a seated child in front; small sketch of head of ?woman wearing a visor.

/.27a ‘Otaheite?’ pencil and grey wash 30.8 X 18.6 cm watermark: Pro Patria Inscribed in ink u.r., repeated l.r. without query, in pencil u.r. ‘1.143’ (the only reference that could be relevant here is to ‘Omai in a large double canoe, which he had purchased here [Tahiti]’ —from Towha.) A double canoe, sail set, occupied by 3 figures, one man near the stern apparently fishing and a ?woman at the prow facing aft while paddling. The query as to locality is here quite justified, for despite the reference given, this is certainly a Hawaiian canoe. Cf. f47A both canoes appear to be repeated in the Ellis drawing of Kealakekua Bay in the Public Record Office, London (MPM 44), reproduced as p 1.57 in Cook, Journals III; cf. also Webber’s pen and wash drawing in the Hocken Library, Dunedin, reproduced at p. 72, Vaughan and Murray-Oliver, Captain Cook, RN, the resolute mariner.

f. 21 B ‘Otaheite?’ pencil and grey wash Inscribed in pencil u.r. Two views of Tahitian mountains from off-shore, the upper being faint pencil outlines, inscribed ‘West Side’ in ink above, mid-centre, the lower similarly inscribed ‘S.W. Side, dist. 4 Miles.’ Some wooded areas appear at left of the lower view. /.22a & f.23\ ‘Otaheite?’ pencil 18.6 X 10 cm and 18.6 X 20.9 cm (2 pieces—to be joined) watermark: Pro Patria (on each) 22a inscribed in pencil u.r. ‘See Awallo’ but crossed out, corrected to ‘Oammo’; and in ink, above, joins to another piece’. 23a inscribed with title in ink u.r., and u.l. ‘A piece joins to this’; below, in pencil, again ‘See Awallo.’. High mountains, many-ridged at right, are outlined, with much growth along the shore and a few coconut palms, several scattered large buildings on beach. There is a small double canoe and an outrigger canoe in foreground at right of 22a and a larger high-stemmed outrigger canoe in foreground at right of 22a and a larger high-sterned outrigger

canoe at left of 23a, each carrying 4 figures. The reference to Oamo would indicate that the scene is Tahitian. /.22b ‘Awallo’ pencil Inscribed in pencil above figure, repeated in ink to right. Full-face head and shoulders of' mature man, curly-haired and full-bearded, with cloth draped around neck. /.23b ‘Oammo’ [Oamo, Amo] pencil Inscribed in pencil above figure, repeated in ink to right; in pencil u.r. ‘1.145’ (refers to news at Eimeo [Moorea] of reported death of Amo, widower of ‘Queen’ Purea). Full-face head and shoulders of mature man, with full head of curly hair reaching to ears and short goatee beard, neckerchief knotted on chest.

f. 24 ‘Girl of Otaheite bringing presents.’ pencil 24.9 X 18 cm watermark: Crown Inscribed in ink u.r. The same subject as in Webber’s study (British Library Add. MS 15513.17, reproduced at p1.25a in Cook, Journals 111, and Bartolozzi’s engraving after Webber (pi. 27, Cook and King, Voyage .. . , but lacking the ornamental panels on the panniered tapa cloth. Possibly both artists sketched this attractive lass, or one copied the other. f. 25 (Plate I) Apparently the same girl as in f. 24 pencil 22.8 X 15.6 cm watermark: none, but paper similar to f. 24. The girl is here nude from the waist up, and her full skirt is frilled outward about her waist at both sides. Her arm at left is held out and down, that at right is raised as she touches her curly hair. She appears to be demonstrating a dance, and her costume may be what was worn under the haute couture arrangement of the gift tapa; it is slightly reminiscent of (though much simpler than) that shown in Webber’s drawing of Tahitian girls dancing (British Library, Add. MS 17277.19, engraved by Sherwin as pi. 18, Cook and King Voyage . . . , and Parkinson’s pencil sketch (Add. MS 23921.38 b) reproduced as p 1.12 in Banks, The Endeavour Journal . . .

/.26a Bearded, moustached man seated in Windsor chair, his lap filled with a bundle of tapa cloth; at u.r. a small sketch of head and shoulders of a shockheaded clean-shaven man wearing a neckerchief, pencil 30.8 X 20 cm watermark: Pro Patria. /.26b Side view of short-bearded high-browed elderly man seated on ground, cloth round his waist, left leg thrust forward and bent upwards at knee, while left hand holds large sheets of paper which he is reading. Above, study of a hand, palm upwards, fingers lightly cupped, and outline of a cuff low on wrist, pencil and grey wash.

/.27a ‘Girls of Huaheine’ pencil 24.9 x 18.5 cm watermark: Pro Patria Inscribed in ink u.r. and in pencil at extreme u.r. ‘1.147’ crossed out, corrected to ‘ls6’ (refers to the girl from Huahine who warned that Cook and Clerke were to be seized and killed, on 26 November 1777, of whom Home wrote: ‘She was a Fat Jolly good Natured girl and Expressed great Horror at Fighting and it is highly probable would have Informed against her Father had he designed to shed the Blood of Another.’) Head and shoulders of a possibly plump young woman, curly-headed, leaning on her left hand against her cheek, a cloak wrapped about her shoulders —with something of the air of a young lady of fashion. Cook wrote that she was ‘a girl one of the officers brought from Huaheine’ (Cook, Journals 111, pt.l, p. 250). /27b ‘A double canoe of Otaheite’ sepia ink sketch of high-sterned large canoe, with 6 figures, one standing against stern-post, one squatting on ‘bowsprit’ and one only paddling. Inscribed in ink at lower margin, with ‘Otaheite’ u.r.

f. 28 ‘Taro plant, grows in water, at Otaheite.’ sepia ink and pale grey wash 17.7 X 21.4 cm watermark: none, a cheap thin paper Inscribed in ink u. 1., and above in pencil ‘1.169’ (refers to taro at Ataoui [Kauai] in the Hawaiian Islands). Colour-test brush strokes in upper area of page. /.29a ‘Canoe of Otaheite’ sepia ink 18.4 X 29.5 cm watermark: Pro Patria Inscribed in ink u.r. and in pencil ‘1.178’ (again refers to Kauai). Outline of a masted outrigger canoe, again apparently Hawaiian rather than Tahitian. Cf. f.2IA and notes thereto. To u.r. is a small pencil drawing of torso of a man, leaning forward with right arm outstretched.

/.29b Two small drawings of nude men, one seated on ground, possibly wearing a cache-sexe, left leg doubled under, right leg outstretched, resting his weight upon his hands; the other standing, viewed side on, right foot slightly advanced, right arm loosely at his side, left arm resting upon small ?shed (or large packing case?). As there seems possibly to be a thin cord around his waist, it may be that he is similarly garbed to his fellow. f. 30 ‘Boats at King George’s Sound’ [Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, Canada] pencil 18.5 X 23.5 cm watermark: GR Inscribed in ink at lower margin, and in pencil u.r. ‘1.191’ (refers to canoes being different from any previously seen). Two drawings of Indian canoes, similarly but differently decorated with painted designs on the hulls.

f. 31 ‘Canoes of K. George’s Sound’ pencil 14.1 X 19.5 cm watermark: Pro Patria Inscribed in ink u.r., with ‘Chinese Boat?’ crossed out, and in pencil ‘1.191’. Outline of canoe similar to those in f. 30, again clearly showing crosssupports within hull; outline of side view, facing in opposite direction; and small sketch of canoe, stem on. / .32-33 -34-35 See Medway notes on bird drawings, pp. 23-27 supra. f. 36 ‘N.W. Coast of America’ pencil 18.2 X 26 cm watermark: VG Inscribed in ink u.r. and in pencil ‘1.213’ (refers to inhabitants of King George’s [Nootka] Sound). Head and shoulders of man in jacket with feathered neck, his nose pierced; and small detail drawing of a nose in profile showing hole pierced to take bone ornament.

/.37a ‘King George’s Sound’ pencil 30.2 X 17.8 cm watermark: Pro Patria Inscribed in ink u. 1., and in pencil u.r. ‘Bonnet described Ellis Voyage Vol 1 p.214’. Long-haired man in conical hat, and cloak over his right shoulder, holding a broad pointed paddle, right hand on end, left hand clasping it a little lower—the handle overlapping the base of the second drawing, which shows head and shoulders of a curly-headed young man with short full beard; sideways along the length of the paper is a fainter sketch of a long canoe with a figure at stern and another at prow, the latter holding a paddle. Cf. the conical hat of the Alaskan from Cook’s Inlet in Webber’s drawing in the Farquhar collection (p1.45a, Cook, Journals III). /.37b Two faint coastal profiles, in pencil; a detailed geological study of hilly coast, in wash (greys and pale yellows). f. 38 (Plate XI) See Medway notes on bird drawings, pp. 23-27 supra. f. 39 ‘N.W. Coast of America?’ grey wash 17.9 X 32.8 cm watermark: none Inscribed in ink at lower margin, and in pencil ‘Ellis Voyage Vol 1 p.260?’

crossed out, corrected to ‘235’ then again to ‘269’ (refers to mountains to north). High mountains rising in distance. f. 40 See Medway notes on bird drawings, pp. 23-27 supra. f. 41 (Plate VII) ‘A Man of Unalaschka’ pencil and colour wash 18.4 X 17.5 cm watermark: VG Inscribed in pencil 1.1., s. & d. l.r. ‘W: Ellis fee 1 1779’, and u.r. ‘Ellis Voyage Vol. 2. p.45’ (referring to just such an Aleut Eskimo). Head and shoulders, long-haired, moustached, with close-cropped beard, pointed bone ornament in chin, wearing jacket wtih feathered neck and shoulders fringed with fur, with ‘gorget’ of dull red.

f. 42 See Medway notes on bird drawings, pp. 23-27 supra. f.43\ (Plate VIII) Conical snow-capped peak banded with clouds, another range at left, colour wash 19.7 X 37.2 cm watermark: fragment only visible Inscribed in pencil l.r. ‘1.210? 308?’ (these references give no immediate clues to locality, which may be in the Aleutian Islands). Ruled pencil outline to the drawing, possibly intended for engraving. /.43b A similar but different conical snow-covered peak rising from thick cloud, with further snow peaks behind at both left and right, colour wash It may be noted that similar conical peaks are shown in Webber’s drawing of the Kamchatka coast (British Library Add. MS 15514.33, reproduced as p 1.62 in Cook, Journals III).

/.44a ‘Sandw. Isla’ . . . [balance of inscription trimmed] grey wash 28.4 X 26.3 cm watermark: ALGV Inscribed in ink u.r. and in pencil ‘2.88?’, s. & d. l.r. in pencil ‘W.W. Ellis ad viv. delin. 1779’ (The reference given seems to identify the subject: ‘. . . we had several other visitors of consequence, amongst which was a young man whose name was Purraah [Parea, Palea], and, as we were informed, a principal attendant of Terriaboo [Tarei ‘opu‘u, Kalei‘opu‘u], who was the king of the island: he was about five feet eight in height, his person was pleasing, and he appeared to be possessed of great good nature.’ Palea, who first came aboard on 17 January 1779 at Kealakekua Bay, was a young chief of importance who featured prominently during the sojourn there.) Head and shoulders study of young man with curly hair dressed in a large roll running back from a curl above his nose, with a short moustache and small closetrimmed beard. Cf. Webber’s drawing, in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, of another Hawaiian with half-tattooed face, in which a similar style of hairdressing is portrayed, but not so clearly. (Reproduced as p1.59a in Cook, Journals III).

f. 448 Four small drawings in characteristic Ellis yellow-green and grey colourings colour wash Trees at water’s edge with hut; trees ranked thickly around three sides of an open square; sheer rock escarpment arising from a wooded hill; leafy branch of a breadfruit tree. At l.r. are colour-testing brush strokes. f. 45 (Plate VI) ‘Sandwich Islands?’ pencil 30 X 22.8 cm watermark: none Inscribed in ink u.r. and in pencil ‘99’ crossed out, corrected to ‘2.156?’ (though p. 156 is not relevant, pp. 151-2, Ellis v.2, refer to tattooing of Hawaiians). A moustached and heavily-(short) bearded mature man sitting in a Windsor chair. As in f.44A his hair is dressed in a roll in the centre of his head and here the style clearly recalls the Hawaiian crested helmet; the entire left arm, from the shoulder and including hand and fingers (above and below), intricately

tattooed [note Janet Davidson’s comments p. 0 supra pertinent to this feature], Cf. the Bishop Museum’s watercolour by Webber quoted re L44a with this same tattoo shown, but only on shoulder and upper arm. Webber’s subject appears slightly younger but is shown full-face whereas Ellis has him in profile. Webber’s rather than L44a, seems the likely original of Collyer’s engraving at p. 150 of the Ellis Narrative, v.2. And Heath’s engraving at p. 151 resembles Sherwin’s after Webber, pi. 63, Cook and King. f.46\ ‘Sandwich Isles? Compare with the print in Ellis’s Voyage Vol. 2. p.165.’ (the reference is not in fact relevant) pencil 27.4 X 18.6 cm watermark: Pro Patria Inscribed in pencil u.l. Six small slight detailed sketches—2 figures, one holding paddle, in outrigger canoe taken on angle from in front of it; rear view of nude man’s head and torso, holding portion of ?spear in right hand; single figure in outrigger canoe, showing curving outrigger supports from opposite side to first study; single figure with paddle in outrigger canoe, again showing curved supports; single figure in outrigger canoe from rear, very clearly depicting outrigger and similar supports; figure sitting at one end of portion only of outrigger canoe.

f. 468 Small ?rock island wash and pencil /.47a ‘Double Canoe of Sandwich Isles. See Ellis’s Voyage Vol. 2. p.177’ (where reproduced, reversed, engraved by Walker) wash 25.5 X 18 cm watermark: Pro Patria Inscribed in ink at lower margin. Five figures (three paddling) in double canoe, showing connecting stays, with sail partially furled on mast. Cf. note to f.2lA —this canoe seems the original of one in the Ellis watercolour in the P.R.0., London. All the appeal and much of the accurate detail of this graphic representation has been lost in the engraving, which is reproduced (p 1.47) with the Kealakekua watercolour (p 1.49) in Murray-Oliver, Cook’s Hawaii. In this item, above the sail is a small pencil sketch of rear view of a man seated on the ground, legs crossed, his long hair gathered in a queue down his back. /.47b Wash drawing of typical Hawaiian chief’s cloak of red and yellow feathers; 2 pencil sketches of outlines of outrigger canoes, the first showing 2 figures paddling, the second showing a girl seated on the canoe.

f. 48 See Medway notes on bird drawings, pp. 23-27 supra. f.49\ ‘Kamtschatzka’ colour wash 19 X 27.2 cm watermark: portion only just visible on edge of paper Inscribed in ink u.r. and in pencil ‘2.237’ (refers to the town of St Peter and St Paul—the engraving of this settlement at p. 237, v.2 of Ellis’s Narrative, in part is the same but includes many more buildings.) A wooded coastal hill rising above 3 conical huts and one rectangular wooden hut at water’s edge on a sandspit, in characteristic Ellis colouring. Cf. Pouncy’s engraving after Webber, taken from the shore, pi. 74 in Cook and King Voyage . . .

/.49b A whole page of colour-test brush strokes in Ellis colouring.