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214. The Royal College administers an arboretum at Horsliolm, tliirty miles north of Copenhagen; here practical instruction in botany and allied subjects is given. The Curator of the arboretum is Dr. Syrach Larsen, whose research on tree breeding will subsequently be referred to. 215. Of the forestry staff, contacts were made with Professor Gron, who is President of the Nordic Forest Union, and took a prominent part in the Helsinki Congress; and with Professor Maltesen, who supplied the writer with all the data upon which this section of the report is based. A special feature of Danish higher forestry education was the commendably strong emphasis on practical qualifications. 216. Since 1908 the Ministry of Agriculture has provided middle forestry training for ranger grades which now consist of a seven months' preliminary course at an agricultural school; two years' forest apprenticeship ; and, finally, a one-year course at a ranger school from which an average of twenty-seven students a year pass out. Time was not available to visit one of these schools. Danish Forestry Research 217. Forestry research in Denmark is organized in the following manner : (1) Silvicultural and Mensuration Research, by the Danish Forest Research Station. (2) Utilization and Timber Research, by the Technology Institute. (3) Entomology and Mycology (and other special subjects),—by professors of the Forestry School. (4) Forest Tree Breeding, by—(a) Dr. Syrach Larsen, Curator of the Horsholm Arboretum. (b) Danish Forest Service Tree Breeding Station, Krogerup. The work carried out by (1) and (4) are briefly described. 218. The Danish Forest Research Station.—The Station is located in the forest suburb of Springforbii, six miles from Copenhagen. It is managed by a Director and a Research Committee consisting of — Director of the State Forest Service (Chairman). Technical Representative of the Forest Service (Deputy Chairman). Director of the Station. Two representatives of private forestry. One representative of forestry education (Royal College of Veterinary and Agriculture). The Committee is responsible to the Minister of Agriculture. In addition to the Director, Mr. Lovengren, the research staff consists of two silviculturists, three sample plot officers, and several graduate assistants. 219. The main functions of the Station are the study and improvement of silvicultural practice by means of research in its many sample plots, the registration of some dating from 1850 ; also nursery and mensuration research, and a special section working on the afforestation of heath lands. Although a small establishment, the Station has a long record of achievement and continuity, and since its establishment in 1901* has published in its transactions over 150 papers. 220. In addition to liaison with tree breeding research undertaken elsewhere, the Station is represented on the Seed Board, which was established by the Danish Forest Society in 1937 to improve and protect the quality of the seed. Over 340 stands have been approved and registered, the seed from which is sold under a written guarantee of origin ; most commercial nurserymen are reported to have pledged themselves to submit

* The first Director of the Station was Dr. A. Oppermann, who held the position until 1931 ; from 1887 to 1917 he was also a lecturer and professor of the Forestry School.

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