C—3a

148. The staff of the College consists of seven forestry professors and six lecturers, under the chairmanship of a Dean (Professor Streffert). The College is no longer depende nt upon the Forest Research Institute for dual-role lecturers, although special lectures on current research practices are regularly delivered by institute staff; the contact between the two organizations is, however, close and mutually beneficial. The professors are able to undertake research and even private consultant practice, and it was the consensus of opinion that teaching staff should have time and facilities to undertake research work for not less than 50 per cent, of their time, a balance which has been reached in the majority of cases. It is significant that the present internal alterations in the College building provide for greatly improved laboratory facilities for professors. 149. The examination system differs radically from that of the British Universities ; assessment of the standard reached in each subject is the sole responsibility of the professor in charge, and is arrived at by a series of oral and written tests, with emphasis on the former, at times and places decided by respective professors. The marking awarded for each subject is expressed in three " pass " grades only : Excellent =3 ; Good —2 ; Satisfactory = 1-. A student may apply in advance to qualify for a 3 rating ; in such cases more advanced reading is prescribed and examined. To graduate it is compulsory to gain at least two 2 ratings. 150. Professor Petrini, in charge of Forest Management, and a man of great personal charm, devoted much time in detailed explanation of the College organization, system of teaching, and research. Professor Bjorkman, in charge of Botany, was also most cooperative, and his views on the relationship between teaching and research were emphatically in favour of adequate time for both. His work on forest mycology and mycorrhiza was of special interest. Professor Streffert, Dean of the College, returned to Stockholm on the day the writer left, and consequently a brief meeting only was possible. The Swedish Forest. Research Institute 151. The need for a central forestry research organization under State administration was felt towards the end of the nineteenth century, and in 1902 an Institute of Experimental Forestry was established. In 1912 the Institute was reorganized, and provided with new quarters in 1915 adjoining the Royal College of Forestry, close to Stockholm. Subsequent rapid developments in Swedish forestry necessitated a great increase in research staff and resources, and in 1945 the original buildings were extended and refitted, and a new building (the present admirably equipped headquarters of the Institute) was erected. 152. The Forest Research Institute serves two main purposes. One is to ascertain the best way of managing Swedish forests under different conditions, the other is by periodical nation-wide forest surveys to determine the state of the country's forests and changes arising in their condition. In order to satisfy these purposes the work of the Institute is carried out by seven separate divisions : Forestry, Forest Survey, Science of Work, Botany and Soils, Genetics, Zoology, and Mathematical Statistics. 153. The Institute itself is led by a Director bearing the title of professor. Each division is under control of a professor who directs the work of a number of foresters or scientists in charge of sections, and also a number of scientifically trained assistants. The different divisions have a varying number of forest rangers, laboratory and other assistants, and supplementary staff. The following (prepared in English by the Institute) is a short survey of the work done by the different divisions, and a summary of the staff establishment. 154. Forestry Division. —The Forestry Division deals with problems connected with silviculture and forest mensuration.

52