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Established in 1882, the Research Station was considered to be part of the School, the founders fully realizing that education and research were complementary (Fr. solidaires). 64. The Station now manages several forests near Nancy and in the Vosges, the revenue from which accrues directly to the School of Forestry as a valued supplement to State grants. It is responsible to the Forestry Administration for silvicultural research in 142 experimental areas throughout France, and the interpretation of some 250 sample plots. The Central Laboratory of Timber Testing was established at the Station in 1936 and contains much modern equipment. A well-appointed arboretum near Nancy has been managed by the Station since 1901. 65. A dual function of the School and Research Station is the publication of forestry literature, the chief media being the — (1) " Annales de Rationale des Eaux et Forets " ; and the less technical (2) " Revue Forestiere Fran§aise," the successor of " Revue des Eaux et Forets," the latter having completed eighty-six annual volumes. 66. Historical References :■ —- (i) " Les Recherches Forestieres en France." H. Perrin. 1928. (ii) " Les Debuts de L'enseignement Forestier en France par Bernard Lorentz." Gr. Huffel. 1929. (iii) " L'Enseignement a L'Ecole des Eaux et Forets et la Carriere Forestiere." P. Gruinier. 1932. CHAPTER lII—SWITZERLAND 67. The modern history of Swiss forestry began in the middle of the nineteenth century, following eras of systematic destruction of forests, when the Economic Society of Berne, the Society of Natural Sciences of Zurich, and such men as Hans Conrad Escher von der Linth moved public opinion and the Cantons to action. In 1843 the Swiss Forestry Society was founded, and this organization was responsible for the inclusion in 1855 of higher forestry education amongst the courses of training in the then newly formed Federal Institute of Technology at Zurich. To the same Society is owed the establishment in 1888 of the Federal Forest Research Institute, also at Zurich. 68. The forests of Switzerland, three-quarters of which are in the mountains, cover 24 per cent, of the total land area of the Confederation. Productive forest tenures are approximately as follows : Per Cent. State forests .. .. .. .. .. 4-7"] Commune and company forests .. .. . . 67*5 [>-2,500,000 acres. Private forests .. .. .. 27 • 8 J Not included in the above are high mountain protection forests, totalling approximately 2,000,000 acres. 69. The legislation of 1897 gave to the Confederation the right to supervise all the forests of the country and laid down as a basis of national policy that " L'aire forestier de la Suisse ne doit pas etre diminuee." The Federal law, however, grants to the 25 Swiss Cantons great liberty in the management of their respective forests, but imposes upon them the obligation of submitting returns, and of employing a sufficient number of scientifically trained foresters. Thus, whilst the Cantons to all intents and purposes have independent control of their public forests, employing some 250 professional foresters,

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