C—3a

36. At Duesterntal there were fifty-eight students and four instructors ; at Scotten ninety students and five instructors. The latter was recognized to be over-crowded, •and was divided into three classes of thirty students. The keenness of the students and their general bearing at both schools created a very favourable impression. 37. In addition to periodic tests, a final examination is held, and, as in the case •of the Higher State Examination, a rating of 1 to 5 is awarded for each subject, and in oral tests of practical skill. A satisfactory " (4) rating in silviculture and tools and equipment, and an over-all average of not more than 4, is the prerequisite of success in the final examination. Actually, very few. fail to qualify in the examination, but those with the highest ratings naturally secure preference in subsequent application for appointments. 38. Upon completion of a middle school course and admittance to the Civil Service, three to four years' Forest Service training follows, during which time the junior officer must become fully acquainted with the work of a " Revierforster " in office and field, and during the last six months carries out the actual duties under supervision. He then sits the " Revierforster " examination to qualify for a charge position. Lower Forestry Education 39. In order to be accepted for the lower forestry grades in the Forest Service, candidates are required to have passed the elementary school examination, and to have had some practical forestry experience. Before sitting for a junior State examination, candidates are required to undergo two years of supervised forest work and a period of four months' study. After a further four years' experience, the candidate is eligible to become a " special forest worker " (Waldfacharbeiter). It is evident that the competition and standard for the equivalent of foreman status is keen, and that only relatively few forest workmen are able to gain promotion in this State Service. Appreciation 40. The writer s movements in Western Germany during ten days were organized by the Food, Agriculture, and Forestry Group, Bipartite Control Office, Frankfurt, under the personal direction of Mr. E. Benskin (British Forestry Officer for Germany), contact with whom was first made at the World Forestry Congress, Helsinki. Through the courtesy of Mr. Benskin, the tour, which began at Hamburg and ended at Frankfurt, was by road exclusively, and at all times in the companv of either a C.C.G. forestry official or a German forestry interpreter, which resulted in" the following of a route through representative forest districts to the maximum advantage. 41. A feature of the tour was the personal contacts made with many German foresters of all grades, from which the firm impression was gained that at least in the field of forestry there are many Germans of fine character and professional integrity. References (1) " German Forestry." Franz Heske. 1938. Yale University Press. {2) " Nazi Influence on German Forest Administration." A. L. Poole. 1947. New Zealand Science Congress. CHAPTER lI—FRANCE 42. Although as early as 1791 a law instituting a " General Conservation of Forests " was passed and a hierarchy of forestry officials appointed, it was not till 1820 that an Ordinance gave a significant degree of autonomy to a Forestry Administration in France. The later Ordinance of 26th August, 1824, created the appointment of a

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