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mean a special duty levied for the purpose of offsetting any bounty or subsidy bestowed, directly or indirectly, upon the manufacture, production or exportation of any merchandise. 3. No product of any Member country imported into any other Member country shall be subject to anti-dumping or countervailing duty by reason of the exemption of such product from duties or taxes borne by the like product when destined for consumption in the country of origin or exportation, or by reason of the refund of such duties or taxes. 4. No product of any Member country imported into any other Member country shall be subject to both anti-dumping and countervailing duties to compensate for the same situation of dumping or export subsidization. 5. No Member shall levy any anti-dumping or countervailing duty on the importation of any product of another Member country unless it determines that the effect of the dumping or subsidization, as the case may be, is such as to cause or threaten material injury to an established domestic industry, or is such as to prevent or materially retard the establishment of a domestic industry. The Organization may waive the requirements of this paragraph so as to permit a Member to levy an anti-dumping duty or countervailing duty on the importation of any product for the purpose of offsetting dumping or subsidization which causes or threatens material injury to an industry

Article 33. The Delegations of Cuba and Lebanon would have preferred to introduce the Article by an express statement of condemnation of dumping. Paragraph 1. Hidden dumping by associated houses (that is, the sale by the importers at a price below that corresponding to the price invoiced by the exporter with which the importer is associated, and also below the price in the exporting country) constitutes a form of price dumping. Paragraph 2. Multiple currency practices may in certain circumstances constitute a subsidy to exports which can be met by countervailing duties under paragraph 2 or may constitute a form of dumping by means of a partial depreciation of a country's currency which can be met by action under paragraph 1 of this Article. By " multiple currency practices " is meant practices by governments or sanctioned by governments. Paragraph 5. The Delegations of Belgium-Luxemburg, Czechoslovakia, France and the Netherlands expressed the fear that abuses might be committed under cover of the provisions of paragraph 5 regarding the threat of injury, of which a State might take advantage on the pretext that it intended to establish some new domestic industry in the more or less distant future. It is considered, however, that, if such abuses were committed, the general provisions of the Charter would be adequate to deal with them. Paragraph 6. The addition of this paragraph was opposed by the Delegations of China and India. The obligations set forth in paragraph 6 are, as in the case of all other obligations under Chapter IV, subject to the provisions of Article 40.