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-reassurance that the special efforts they may make- now to increase output will not be to their detriment in years to come when the possibility of surpluses may become a real danger. 7. Recommendations on all these matters are included m this report. 8. A separate section of the Committee's report deals with the principles and policy to be adopted by individual countries and by the International Emergency Food Council (which we understand is being proposed by Committee III) 'in regard to the production, collection, procurement, allocation, and distribution of foodstuffs. This Committee has not concerned itself with the machinery to be established for carrying out such principles and policy. But the principles and policy to be adopted by the International Emergency Food Council (lEFC) bear directly upon the other measures suggested by the Committee for securing the maximum utilization of the 1946-47 crop and the greatest possible output from the 1947 crop. 9. If the measures recommended in this report are adopted forthwith and applied consistently throughout 1946-47, a repetition of the hardship and privation of 1945-46 can be greatly alleviated and the first, steps taken toward the achievement of an improvement in the levels of consumption and nutrition in the less fortunate countries of the world. Part I. —1946-47 Consumption Year (1) Flour Extraction Rates' The Committee recommends—(a) That for the food consumption year 1946-47 extraction rates for wheat and rye should be not less than 85 per cent, in all countries. (&•) That in 'cases where, for special reasons, certain countries will find it impracticable to introduce an extraction rate as high as 85 per cent, the Governments concerned should report the relevant circumstances to the lEFC and indicate what other measures are being taken, as an alternative to raising the extraction rate, in order to achieve comparable economies in the use of food grains. (2) Rice-milling The Committee recommends — That in the consumption year 1946-47 all rice should, be milled as lightly as possible, in order to make maximum quantities available for human consumption. (3) Industrial Uses of Grains' The Committee recommends — (a) That during the consumption year 1946-47 the use of grains for beverages and other non-essential purposes be kept at the existing low levels, and where possible should be still further reduced; and (&) The countries should report to the lEFC what reduction m the use of cereals for this purpose they proposed to introduce for 1946-47, indicating the quantity of grain which will be saved by these means, and stating the quantities used for the same purpose in 1946-47 and in an earlier year when no restrictions on the use of grains for these purposes were in operation. (4) Regulation and Restriction of the Human Use of Grain The Committee recommends — That all countries should maintain or adopt measures enabling them to exercise an effective control over the importation, procurement, collection, distribution, and consumption of grain and grain products so that in the

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