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output of work. The corresponding level of consumption in Eastern and tropical countries may be somewhat reduced for the reasons stated in the preceding paragraph. The Nutrition Committee was strongly of the opinion that consideration should be given to the nutrition requirements of countries in allocating foodsupplies, and it hasi suggested methods which will facilitate the application of nutritional principles in deciding allocation policies. A technical report embodying all the conclusions of the Committee will be available at the meeting. APPENDIX lI.—REPORT OF COMMITTEE II: CONSERVATION AND EXPANSION OF SUPPLIES Introduction 1. The Committee has divided its work as follows: (a) A review of the 1946-47 position, with recommendations for utilizing the 1946 harvest supplies in such a way as to- avoid repetition during 1947 of the shortages and famine which occurred in 1946. (b) Consideration of the measures which can be adopted to make the 1947 harvest as large as possible and thereby increase the food-supplies available during the year 1947-48. (c) Preparation of proposals regarding the principles which may be adopted in the procurement, collection, allocation, and distribution of foodstuffs in short supply. 2. So far as the 1946-47 position is concerned, it is recognized that no further efforts on the part of producers can increase the 1946 harvest in the Northern Hemisphere with respect to acreage or the growth of crops. The utmost that can be done is to ensure that the harvest is utilized to the maximum extent in the provision of food for human beings. The " Appraisal of the World Food Situation, indicated that during that year there will be a gap of not less than 10,000,000 tons of food, in terms of wheat equivalent, between supplies and requirements. It is to be observed that crops will not be harvested in the Southern Hemiphere and in the East until the beginning of 1947, so that it is difficult to estimate their size at the present time. The gap can be closed only if economies in the consumption of grains are enforced throughout the whole of the crop year. Nothing could be more disastrous than for countries to assume that, once the 1946 harvest has been gathered, there is no longer any necessity for further economy, and the grain from the 1946 harvest can be used without restriction for consumption by human beings and animals. 3. Economies can be effected by such measures as increasing the extraction rate for flour, the dilution of wheat or flour by other grains and by potatoes, the rationing of bread, the control of the domestic distribution of flour, and various other measures. It is clear, however, that such expedients will not fill a gap of the order of 10,000,000 tons. 4. Of all the measures which can contribute toward this end, the most important is the further curtailment of the use of wheat and other grains for the feeding of animals. 5. The Committee has also examined the position in regard to other foodstuffs (particularly rice, potatoes, pulses, fats, sugar, fish, and dairy products) and makes recommendations regarding the production and utilization of these foodstuffs. 6. So far as the 1947 harvest is concerned, the Committee submits a. number of detailed proposals for increasing the supplies of food products. Fertilizers, seeds, and equipment are all urgently needed. Producers need

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