H—llA

numbers in 1945 than in 1939. Other industries show increases ranging from 3 per cent, in clothing-factories and 9 per cent, in footwear-manufacture to 49 per cent, in bag and sack manufacture, and 500 per cent, in the small but rapidly increasing industry of carpet-sewing and rug and mat making. 431. Engineering, Motor Engineering, and Allied. —The slow recovery of the motor-assembly and motor-engineering industries in part offsets the upward movement in other branches of the engineering, motor engineering, and allied group of industries. Both the motor industries employed 18 per cent, fewer persons in October, 1945, than in 1939. All the other industries showed increases, the most notable being general engineering (employing the largest number in the group) with 22 per cent, increase, and shipbuilding (employing the smallest number) with 71 per cent, increase. 432. Other Secondary Industries. —Amongst other secondary manufactures, there is greater variation. The following table shows the changes in those employing the largest number of workers :

433. Other industries worthy of note are rubber goods and vulcanizing, which employed over 1,100 workers in October, 1945, as against 459 in 1939, and papermilling, paper bags, and cartons, which increased its staff from 1,095 in 1939 to 1,384 in October, 1945. (xiii) Comparative Stability of Female Labour in Secondary Industries 434. The October, 1945, survey enabled changes in the proportions of males and females engaged in various industries to be studied. The table below sets out the percentage of females to total numbers employed in the secondary industries in 1939 and in October, 1945 :

435. The percentage of females employed is, of course, high when compared with primary industries, where females make up only about 5 per cent, of the total. Notable also is the comparative stability in each group, especially if compared with transport and communication, where , the percentage of females increased from 5 per cent, in 1939 to 18 per cent, in October, 1945. Comparison should also be made with professional services and administration, where the proportion of females to total persons

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Employees—Males phis Females. Percentage Increase. Percentage Decrease. 1930. October, 1945. Chemical, vegetable, and animal products 3,545 4,559 29 Bituminous roofing, building-sheet, &c. 2,663 2,978 12 Joinery and woodworking .. 2,487 2,765 11 Brick, tile, and concrete products 1,902 2,112 11 Furniture and blindmaking 3,225 3,060 5 Printing, publishing, and photography 6,502 5,836 10

Percentage of Female employees to Total Number employed. Industries. 1939. October, 1945, Food, drink, and tobacco 21 21 Clothing, textiles, and leather 69 67 Engineering, motor engineering, and allied 10 14 Other secondary manufactures 16 19 All secondary industries surveyed 29 30 Total labour force .. ,. 26 31