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(2) These arrangements should include — O) Measures to facilitate an increase in the production of means of transport, power, materials, and industrial equipment throughout the world: (b) The granting by countries having supplies of such goods of the priorities necessary to make a reasonable proportion of such supplies available to the devastated countries: (c) Appropriate measures for the provision, without direct payment, by UNRRA or by special international, including bilateral, arrangements, of such supplies to the countries which are in the greatest need and have little or no foreign exchange available for their purchase: (d) The provision of short- and medium-term credits either through ordinary commercial channels or, if necessary, by intergovernmental agreements: (e) Long-term loans at low rates of interest to the importing countries made directly by the countries able to make such loans or by or through the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. 9. (1) An increase in the standard of living in less-advanced countries (particularly those with large agricultural populations) is an urgent necessity for these countries and will be a powerful factor in promoting full employment throughout the world. (2) Arrangements should be made to meet the import requirements of the agricultural and raw-material-producing countries, more particularly their requirements of the capital goods necessary to enable them to develop their industrial and agricultural resources to the fullest possible extent. (3) With a view to facilitating the financing of such imports, long-term loans at low rates of interest should be made directly by countries able to make such loans or by or through the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. (4) The industrialized countries should provide technical assistance, more especially by placing technical experts and training instructors at the disposal of the agricultural and raw-material-producing countries and by giving facilities for the training of personnel from those countries. (5) In order to prevent unemployment in the agricultural and raw-material-producing countries resulting from the sudden curtailment or termination of contracts concluded by them with other members of the United Nations for the supply of raw materials for war purposes, joint consideration should be given by* the members concerned to the measures that may be necessary to ensure that the curtailment or termination of such contracts will cause the least possible disturbance, including measures to facilitate a transfer of resources to other types of production, and more particularly the replacement of the contracts for war materials by contracts for food and materials required for the relief and reconstruction of the devastated countries. 10. In order to prevent the development of local areas of high unemployment such as existed in some countries in the inter-war period,, attention should be paid, in planning industrial reconstruction and development, to the changes in the structure and location of industry which have taken place during the war, including particularly a great expansion in many countries of industries engaged in the production of war materials, the creation or expansion of various industries in the less-industrialized countries, and the expansion of industries manufacturing substitutes for raw materials.

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