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would lie forced to feed more whole grain to live-stock; countries importing flour, rather than bread grain, have to depend on the milling rates of supplying -countries. It was recommended — (a) That, for the food consumption year 1946-47 extraction rates for wheat and rye should be not less than 85 per cent, in all countries. (b) That in cases where, for special reasons, certain countries will find it impracticable to introduce an extraction rate as high as 85 per cent., the Governments concerned should report the relevant circumstances to the lEFC and indicate what other measures are being taken, as an alternative to raising the extraction rate, in order to achieve comparable economies in the use of food grains. It is hoped that the saving of grain through increased extraction rates may amount to 3,000,000 tons. (2) Industrial Use of Grains Most countries were able to report that considerable reductions had already been effected in the use of food grains for industrial purposes. It was recommended—(a) That during the consumption year 1946-47 the use of grains for beverages and other non-essential purposes be kept at the existing low levels and where possible should be still further reduced. (b) Countries should report to the lEFC what reduction in the use of cereals for this purpose they propose to introduce for 1946-47, indicating the quantity of grains which will be saved by these means and stating the quantities used for the same purpose in 1946-47 and in an earlier year when no restrictions on the use of grains for the purposes were in operation. (3) Regulation and Restriction of the Human Use, of Grain It was the general opinion of the Committee that Governments should retain or develop controls for keeping food-grain consumption at desired levels, and while some countries already have bread rationing in operation, this, particular item brought out very little discussion. It was recommended — That all countries should maintain or adopt measures enabling them to exercise an effective control over the importation, procurement, collection, distribution, and consumption of grain and grain products so that in the event of it being necessary to curtail the usage of wheat and other grains at short notice, the necessary machinery will be in existence and any reduction in consumption can be made immediately. In this connection, countries should consider the advantages of bread rationing, the curtailment of flour issues at source, and other measures so that they can adopt methods of control specially suited to their own circumstances. (4) Addition of Supplements to "Wheat Flour Several European countries instanced forms of dilution which it had been necessary to adopt and most of these were claimed as successful. It was recommended—(a) That wheat flour used in various forms for human consumption should be supplemented, to the extent of not less than 5 per cent., by other grain products, potato flour, fresh cooked potatoes, &c. (b) That, should, any country find it impracticable to add supplements to the extent proposed, the Government concerned should explain the relevant circumstances to the lEFC.

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