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The foregoing add up to $2,901,500,000. In the final total of $2,937,140,000 are included $41,331,000 for " special projects and emergency programmes, including Displaced Persons, China, and Displaced Persons, Germany " ; also smaller amounts for the Philippine Islands ($6,000,000), the Dodecanese Islands ($3,600,000), Hungary < $3,333,000), Finland ($2,500,000), Korea ($833,000), San Marino ($30,000), and Ethiopia ($13,000 only). The grand total comes to $2,959,140,000 (or $22,000,000 more than the total quoted by the Director-General, who added $15,000,000 to the figure for China and $7,000,000 to the figure for Austria, evidently without adding these sums to his total). It is particularly noteworthy that, at the end of June, 1946, the percentage fulfilment of shipments in the total was only 59 per cent. ; 41 per cent, is a large outstanding share to set against what seemed to be the immediately pending liquidation of the UNRRA organization. It emerged, then, probably to the surprise of most delegates, as it will, no doubt, be to distant observers, that a strong case was to be made for continuing the work of UNRRA. Yet against this it was realized that, on all present evidence, no further contributions to UNRRA as such can be expected. So a case, more impressive than we should have thought beforehand, could be made for maintaining the main structure and functioning of UNRRA, but with the modification more and more enforced of debiting costs to recipient countries. Alternatively—and this was the line along which the session proceeded—it was realized that the ending or tapering off in UNRRA's work will leave international problems that will call for international action ; it will leave, as was often remarked, human problems " that will take no notice of a date on the calendar." And so, whatever the fate of UNRRA, whatever the date of its liquidation, the vital need will surely be to effect a transition, in part to national governmental and other authorities, in part to new or existing United Nations Organizations. Displaced Persons This problem of " these discouraged, confused, unhappy, demoralized, and depressed persons," to quote the Director-General's words, is still a great and complex one. The latest available figures, contained in the Director-General's report, show that on 31st May, 1946, 826,580 displaced persons were still receiving UNRRA care. Of these, 752,460 were in Germany, 45,800 in Austria, and 28,320 in Italy. About half of them were former Polish citizens, though the Polish delegate stated that some 100,000 of these were of Ukranian or other non-Polish race and unlikely in any circumstances to desire to go to Poland as it now exists. Next in number are refugees from the former Baltic republics, now incorporated in the U.S.S.R. —viz., 95,900 from Latvia, 57,840 from Lithuania, and 28,930 from Estonia. There are also 30,500 Yugoslavs and 152,370 " Stateless " or of undetermined nationality. Large as these numbers are, they represent little more than 10 per cent, of the total displaced persons at the end of the war. The fact that so many have gone home, coupled with the fact that since the beginning of 1946 the rate of repatriation has dropped to comparatively small proportions, however, serves to emphasize the doubt as to how many of the remainder it will be possible to persuade to return. As was pointed out by Sir Philip Noel-Baker, Minister of State in Great Britain, the problem is made more difficult by the fact that there is still a continual and considerable flow—mainly of Jews —out of Poland, Hungary, and other eastern European countries into occupied Germany and Austria. The DirectorGeneral estimated that 1,200 to 1,500 of such new " displaced persons " were arriving ■daily. Moreover, the accounts given by these new arrivals of conditions in Poland, &c, tend to discourage those already in displaced persons camps, and particularly the Jews among them, from deciding to return home. As noted in previous reports to New Zealand (particularly those on the third and fourth sessions of the UNRRA Council), this subject is not only a big but a very controversial and complex one. Its discussion at the fifth session has again demonstrated the widely

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