H.—3o

22. Products Supplementary to Dairying : The dairy-farmers of the Dominion have, lip to the present, looked upon dairying as a specialized undertaking. Thus, on true dairy-farms sources of income other than from butterfat have, in the main, been negligible. Some return has been obtained from the sale of cull cows, skins, and surplus calves, and, during the period of rapid development, some farmers have supplemented their income by the sale of heifers, either as calves or as in-calf heifers. Poultry products have not been exploited to any extent, and, until the force of economic circumstances necessitated the extraction of income from every possible source, the use of pigs in the utilization of skim-milk, whey, and other foodstuffs produced on the farm has not, except in individual cases, been greatly developed. During the past four seasons, however, dairy-farmers have realized the possibilities of pigs, and a rapid development has taken place. Although pigs are raised and fattened on farms other than dairyfarms, the pork and bacon industry can be viewed as mainly supplementary to dairying. 23. Breeding-sows carried and Pigs slaughtered :

24. Utilization of Total Butterfat produced : The total butterfat produced in the Dominion is utilized in the manufacture of butter and cheese and other products such as milk-powders and condensed-milk, for human consumption as whole milk and cream, and for the feeding of calves. The quantity of butterfat utilized in manufactured products other than butter and cheese is not great, and has not shown any increase during recent seasons. Butterfat used as whole milk, cream, and for the feeding of calves bears a direct relationship to the increase in human population and to increases in the number of calves kept for replacement of cull cows and expansion of herds. Although an increasing quantity is used in the manufacture of cheese, the increased output of butterfat is mainly diverted to buttermaking. For the season 1919-20, approximately 63,000,000 lb. of butterfat were used in butter manufacture and 58,000,000 lb. in cheese, whereas for the season 1933-34 the figures were approximately 308,000,0001b. and 93,000,000 lb. respectively. The full details of butterfat utilization from 1901-2 onwards are shown in Table 2 of the Statistical Appendix. 25. Quantities of Butter and Cheese manufactured : The collective effect of increased production of butterfat when expressed as butter and cheese has been to aggravate the already unsound supply position on the British market, particularly in respect of butter. Although New Zealand has greatly increased her cheese exports, the increases have but compensated for the drop in Canadian supplies, whereas butter-supplies to Great Britain have been increased from all major exporting countries. The following table, which shows the estimated total manufacture of butter and cheese in New Zealand since 1919-20, illustrates the importance of butter as an absorptive channel for increases in butterfat, and also stresses the increasing percentage of butter available for export. 26. Estimated Total Butter and Cheese manufactured, and Percentage of each Product exported :

18

Season. | Total Breeding-sows. Total Pigs slaughtered. -I ■ 1923-24 .. .. .. .. 55,348 320,153 1931-32 .. .. .. .. 75,409 482,450 1932-33 .. .. .. .. 87,686 590,607 1933-34 .. .. .. .. 97,448 766,627

Butter. Cheese. ™£r"* "* ee Po ~it p >s^ (estimated). expoi ec. consumed. (estimated). expor e . consumed. 1919-20 .. 33,327 51-50 48-50 68,172 97-27 2-73 1920-21 .. 45,990 63-38 36-62 59,094 96-74 3-26 1921-22 .. 65,504 73-13 26-87 66,502 96"99 3-01 1922-23 .. 81,855 77-70 22-30 62,297 96-69 3-31 1923-24 .. 77,710 75-70 24-30 75,454 97-19 2-81 1924-25 .. 82,325 79-86 20-14 72,190 96-98 3-02 1925-26 .. 79,911 73-38 26-62 j 75,813 97-03 2-97 1926-27 .. 91,315 74-84 25-16 78,766 97-06 2-94 1927-28 .. 94,647 75-38 24-62 77,553 96-97 3-03 1928-29 .. 102,323 76-96 23-04 89,191 96-70 3-30 1929-30 .. 116,901 79-58 20-42 88,766 96-64 3-36 1930-31 .. 119,246 79-14 20-86 ; 91,484 96-33 3-67 1931-32 .. 126,522 80-13 19-87 90,651 97-00 3-00 1932-33 .. 150,303 83-14 16-86 103,455 97-35 2-65 1933-34 .. 164,163 83-60 16-40 106,288 97-40 2-60