1.—12 a,

24

By personal supervision, the farmer can reduce this cost. Rent of irrigated land is not included, being the same for all crops. With proper cultivation the yield will vary from 10 tons of rich beets to 30 tons of larger beets. The average price per ton this season is $350 in Nebraska, $4 in California, and $4 - 50 in Utah. The value varies with the sugar content as follows: — Market Rates of Sugar-beets at Grand Island, Nebraska. J 0-J 1891 (Ton). 1892 (Ton,. *™ft £^» $ c. $ c. $ c. 12 3 00 3 00 45 00 13 3 25 3 50 .. 52 50 H 3 50 4 00 60 00 15 3 75 4 50 67 50 16 3 00 5 00 .. 75 00 17 4 25 5 50 82 50 18 4 50 6 00 90 00 19 4 75 6 50 97 50 20 5 00 7 00 105 00

EXHIBIT 12.—BEET-PULP AS A CATTLE-FOOD AT GRANDE RONDE VALLEY, OREGON There is one side of the beet-sugar industry which observation and inquiry show is not receiving the attention which it deserves in the Grande Ronde Valley I refer to the feeding of beet-pulp to cattle and sheep. Located as the valley is in the midst of the best stock regions ot the Pacific Coast, in a region where such excellent crops of alfalfa can be grown, there seems to be no reasonable excuse for neglecting this side of the industry, both for fattening stock and the manufacture of dairy-products. The fullest fruits of the industry will never be realized till attention is given to this phase of the subject. Nothing has been more conclusively demonstrated than that beet-pulp is a most excellent cattle, sheep, and hog food when properly balanced with nitrogenous material, as alfalfa, clover, or grain. While the leaves and tops are good food, pulp is much better A chemical analysis of the pulp produced at La Grande shows the followingcomposition : — Water 89 0 1 Dry matter 1099 Fat 0-58 Fibre 2"40 Protein • ■ 0 - 88 Ash 0-70 Carbohydrates 6 "43 Total 10' 99 No analysis was made of the siloed pulp, but there is not a very great change in the chemical composition, as will be shown by the following analysis given m the Revue Universale dcs Progres de la Fabrication dv Sucre," i, 428

Beet-pulp is not a balanced ration, and the best results cannot be expected from feeding it alone though it is a healthful and nutritious food. Its chief components are the carbohydrates and proteids It is essentially a fattening food. Experience has shown that it is relished bydairy cattle and produces an 'excellent flow of milk when balanced with nitrogenous foods. The pulp" is valuable not only as cattle-food, but also as food for hogs and sheep In Utah it is largelyused as hog-food. , It is one of the cheapest foods that farmers can use, for it can be purchased at a very nominal figure Each team as it delivers its load of beets should take home a load of beet-pulp This pulp should be placed in a silo, where it is much more easily kept than any other silage material. It is very heavy and sinks down to a very solid, cheesy mass. When properly preserved it does not tend to ferment, and can be kept a very long time. Mr Allen, of the Standard Cattle Company, is authority for the statement that even in very cold weather a large pile can be left out of doors, and, while a crust of eight or ten inches will freeze on the outside, the inside will remain in good condition.

Maercker. Ku] in. Before Ensilage. After Ensilage. Before Ensilage. After Ensilage. Water Dry matter Ash Fat 89-77 10-23 0-58 0-05 2-39 0-89 6-32 88-52 11-48 1-09 0-11 2-80 1-07 6-41 88-9 11 1 0-9 0-1 2-5 0-9 6-7 87-5 12-5 0-9 0-1 3-0 1-2 7-3 Crude fibre Crude protein Nitrogen-free extract