2

H.—2ob

Classification according to Type. 1. Professional criminals. 2. Sexual perverts. 3. Criminals of unsound mind. 4. Drunkards. 5. Incipient and pseudo criminals. 6. Corrigible criminals. 7. The rest of the criminal class. Females, — 8. Incorrigible. 9. Corrigible. 10. Incipient and pseudo criminals. 11. Criminals of unsound mind. CLASSIFICATION OF INSTITUTIONS. Institutions are classified in order to enable the more concentrated application of methods suited for the treatment of the different classes of criminals. Each class requires special treatment, and were all classes to be confined in any one prison differentiation of treatment would be impossible. Institutions are classified as follows :— 1. Penitentiaries for the detention of criminals enumerated in class 1. 2. Criminal asylum for classes 2, 3, and 11. 3. An inebriate institution for incorrigible drunkards. 4. Reformatories for class 6. 5. Camps. 6. An institution equipped as a penitentiary and a reformatory for classes 8 and 9. 7. Private institutions for classes 5, 10, and the occasionals and habituals of class 4. SENTENCES. Offenders whose crimes do not show an}' criminal taint and are not of a grave character are dealt with by fining. Any person refusing to pay his fine is charged with contempt of Court, and may be committed to probation. Those whose offences are not of a grave character but indicate that the offender has a criminal inclination and apt to develop criminal habits are admitted to probation. The provisions of the indeterminate sentence apply to all other criminals whose cases are suitable for such sentence. The case of every prisoner so sentenced is, after his probation has been served, reviewed every three months by a competent expert tribunal which may order the.release of such prisoner when it considers that he is no longer a menace to the peace and order of society. Ventilation and Daylight. The amount of daylight which enters the cells is, in some prisons, very small. The size of the windows does not permit either of sufficient light or ventilation. It is not convincing to be shown a small slit between two panes of glass and also a small ventilator near the floor, and be told that ample provision for ventilation has been made, when at the same time a general mustiness prevails in the cells. A window having 8 sup. ft. of glass and set in a hung sash would give ample light and ventilation. Bars on the outside would provide an effective measure against escape. The present method is certainly stronger, but the proposed method would be quite strong enough. A man who would break through the one would need only a little'longer time to break through the other, and this he has at his disposal. Only the most determined and resourceful criminal would attempt either, and, if thought necessary, such a prisoner could be placed in a stronger cell. Institutional Classification. Prisoners are classified into three classes, which are kept apart from one another at work and on all occasions when the men are assembled. They work at different industries, the object being to direct their minds into channels which are out of sympathy with, and in no way suggest, their former manner of life— e.g., cracksmen are not employed at stone-dressing or where blasting is carried on. These divisions are called industrial classes, as distinguished from conduct grades. The conduct grades are three in number —probation, second, and first. Admission to the higher grades is gained by good conduct and industry, and carries with it corresponding privileges. Earnings and Rewards. The prison population is debited with the entire cost of the Prisons Department. The cost is worked out in detail, and each prisoner shown the amount of the cost that he is debited with. To discharge this debit each prisoner must perform his daily task so as not to incur debit marking. Every credit mark that he gains has a monetary value, which is determined by the