E.—l2.

REPORT UPON STATE EDUCATION.

Training Colleges. normal school, but in ordinary schools for deaf-mutes; 1 and indeed it was said at the Brussels Congress by Professor Fornari, "je dois avouer que les meilleurs professcurs de la nietliode orale sont dans la grandc patrie d'Armmius." 3 In Belgium, although there arc no training colleges, yet instructors must give evidence of a qualification before teaching. VII.—INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. In the course of a controversy in the Times tho establishment of industrial schools for deaf-mutes was strongly urged : 3 and it seems important that the subject should not be overlooked. At none of the institutions in Great Britain is technical instruction given; but there arc some institutions, such as the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Old Kent Road, London, and the Jews' Deaf and Dumb Home, Notting Hill, London, where the onus is undertaken of placing children as apprentices for the piirpose of acquiring a trade. 3 Industrial training for deaf-mutes is not overlooked in France; and some of the institutions there, including the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Paris, 4 and those at Bordeaux, Caen (private), Larnay (private), St. Etiennc, Soissons/ and Le Puy (private), in addition to the ordinary course of deaf-mute instruction, either qualify the scholars to earn their own living on quitting the institution —so that they may at once work upon a trade—or receive them as workers at the expiration of their term of school study. 0 Indeed, so excellent are some of those institutions said to be in this respect that those at St. Eticnne and Le Puy were described at the Milan Congress as ideal ones. 7 The schools in Switzerland, with the exception of those at Baden and at Fricnisberg B —— where they devote a part of the day to field work—do not teach industrial occupations; but the pupils, when they arrive at the termination of their school studies, are placed out, either in tow Tn or country, as apprentices, under the control of a " Committee of Patronage." y There are some schools in Italy in which industrial training is given ; such as the Royal Institution at Milan, where it is obligatory that the boys learn —in addition to the ordinary deaf-mute subjects—wood-carving, modelling, and sculpturing; and they have also the option of being taught painting. Girls there have to learn drawing and needlework. 9 In Germany technical instruction to deaf-mutes is not given in all the schools, except in the case of girls. 10 Formerly many institutions instructed their pupils in trades while they Avere at school, and some still do so; and several take care of their scholars when they leave school, and procure suitable employment for them. 11 The State at all events in Prussia contributes an honorarium (about .€8) to the master-tradesman after the apprenticeship of a deaf-mute has expired. 13 Suitable occupations are found for girls in asylums established for the purpose. 13 Trades are taught in some of the deaf-mute schools of Belgium; but proceedings took place at the Brussels Congress in respect of further organization, which it is interesting to note. 14 It has been said by a leading authority upon the subject 1" that the political men of America desire that all deaf-mute children learn even at school a trade or a profession; and, with a few exceptions, nearly all the institutions in the United States have industrial departments. 10

Belgium.

Great Britain.

France.

Switzerland.

Italy.

Germany.

Belgium.

United States,

1 T.C., p. 291; and see rule re qualification, p. 292. 2 T.C., p. 128; and see Mr. Schbntheil's paper as above. 8 See— (a) Rev. W. Stainer's letter, Times, 17 Sept., 1884; and (b) Mr. North's letter, 20 Sept., 1884. See also (a) Discussion New York convention, A.A., Oct., 1884, pp. 283-285 ; and (I) D.R. Note " Object Lessons in Science," A.A., Oct., 1886, p. 254. « See also E.B. » See also T.0., p. 220. 0 See " L'Enseignement des Travaux Manuels dans les Institutions de Sourds-mucts," par M. Snyckers, Director of the Royal Institution at Liege ; Paris, George Carre; Brussels, A. Manceaux, 1885. For notice of this work, see Q.R., Jan., 1886, p. 32. ' See C.R., p. 167. 8 But see— (a) Dr. H., p. 186 ; and generally (b) E.B. 9 See also— (a) T.G., p. 210 ; and (6) E.B.

10 See also— (a) T.C.,p. 209; (b) Dr. H., p. 178; but note E.B. For occupation of deaf-mutes, see Dr. H., pp. 180-182. 11 See Dr. H., p. 177. 15 This seems to be well worthy of note, as constituting a pledge, or at least affording a substantial inducement, for considerate and competent treatment. Respecting the consideration needed, see " Tests of Work," Proceedings, London Conference, Julv, 1885, p. 16. 13 Dr. H., p. 178. 14 See T.C., pp. 19-37, 192-216, and espec. 198; and see also E.B. 15 Dr. Gallaudet, in T.C., p. 214. 16 See also— (a) T.C., p. 214, and (b) A.A., Oct., 1884, pp. 273-275, and 283. See paper and discussion on " Trades and Occupations," at Minnesota Conference, July, 1884; Min. Instit. Report, 1884, p. 99 (hereafter termed Minn. rep.). For employments cf the deaf in tho U.S.A., see A.A., Oct., 1886, p. 290.

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