MANDATED TERRITORY OF WESTERN SAMOA (TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF, FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1941).

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1941 Session I, A-04

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1941. NEW ZEALAND.

MANDATED TERRITORY OF WESTERN SAMOA (TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF, FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1941).

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Leave.

Prime Minister's Office, Wellington, N.Z., 15th August, 1941. Sir, — I have the honour to forward herewith the Twenty-first Annual Report on the Mandated Territory of Western Samoa, for the year ended 31st March, 1941. This report has been prepared by the Administrator of Western Samoa, and adopted by the New Zealand Government as its report for the purposes of Article 6 of the Mandate, and in conformity with Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations. A copy for each member of the Permanent Mandates Commission, and 120 additional copies, have been despatched to you under separate cover. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, W. Nash, for Prime Minister. The Secretary-General, League of Nations, Geneva.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE I.—lntroductory .. .. .. .. .. .. ~ . . 2 II. —Status of the Territory .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 lll.'—Status of the Population .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 IV.—lnternational Relations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 V.—General Administration .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Vl.—Publio Finance .... .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Vll.—Direct Taxes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 VIII. —Indirect Taxes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. fi IX.— I Trade .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 X. —Judicial Organization .. .. .. .. .. .. (S XI. —Police and Prisons .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 Xll.—Social Condition of the Natives .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 Xlll.—Labour .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 XIV. —Freedom of Conscience .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 XV.—Education .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 XVl.—Liquor and Drugs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 XVll.—Health 8 XVIII. —Land Tenure .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 XIX. —Population .. .. . . .. .. .. .. 0 XX.—Public Works .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. !) Appendices: Charts— Copra Production, 1910-40 .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 Values of Import, Export, and Total Trade of Western Samoa, 1925-10 .. .. 11

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I.—INTRODUCTORY. Western Samoa is comprised of two large islands, Upolu and Savai'i, and the islets of Apolima, Manono, Fanuatapu, Namua, Nu'ulua, and Nu'usafe'e. The geographical boundaries are latitudes 13_degrees~and 15 degrees south and longitudes 171 degrees and 173 degrees west. Upolu and Savai'i are each forty-seven miles long and separated by Apolima Strait, eight miles wide, in which is situated Apolima Islet; the remainder of the islets are found within or near the fringing reef surrounding Upolu. The islands of the group, which cover an area of 1,133 square miles, are mountainous in character, rising to elevations of 6,094 ft. in Savai'i and 3,608 ft. in Upolu. The large majority of Samoans live in coastal villages. The climate is mild and equable, the average temperature during the last thirty years being 79-29 degrees Fahrenheit, and the average rainfall for the same period 116-28 in. per annum. At the 31st March, 1941, the Native population was 58,466 and the non-Native population 3,821 : total, 62,287 persons. lI.—STATUS OF THE TERRITORY. The Territory is administered pursuant to a mandate conferred upon His Britannic Majesty, to be exercised on his behalf by the Government of the Dominion of New Zealand, and confirmed by the Council of the League of Nations on the 17th December, 1920. lII.—STATUS OF THE POPULATION. The Natives of Western Samoa are described in documents of travel as " British-protected persons, Natives of the Mandated Territory of Western Samoa." The provisions of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens (in New Zealand) Act, 1928, allow individual inhabitants of the Territory voluntarily to obtain British naturalization. Since 1923, certificates of naturalization have been granted to fifteen Native Samoans and to twenty-two Europeans. The Samoan Status Ordinance 1934 provides for a person of European status of not less than half-Samoan blood being granted Samoan status by the High Court. Under the provisions of the Samoa Registration of Europeans Regulations 1920, a person of less than full Samoan blood may be granted the status of a European. IV.—INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. (a) International Conventions. A list of the general international conventions and bilateral agreements that have been applied to Samoa appeared in the report for .1938-39, pages 3 and 4, and further additions and deletions were listed in the 1939-40 report, page 2. In addition, His Majesty the King has ratified on behalf of the Government of New Zealand the convention amending the convention between the United Kingdom and the United States of America of 2nd March, 1899, concerning the disposal of real and personal property. (b) Economic Equality. Save as to the protection afforded to Native Samoans in the inalienability of Native land, there are no derogations from the principle of economic equality as regards concessions, land tenure, or direct or indirect taxation ; the question of mining rights does not apply. There is a preference in Customs ad valorem import duties of 7J- per cent, ili favour of British goods, but no restrictions as regards countries of origin of goods imported, export trade, or shipping. Under the Samoa Customs Order 1939, Amendment No. 1, surcharges were imposed on British and foreign imports of 15 per cent, and 25 per cent, respectively of the amounts of the duties. V.—GENERAL ADMINISTRATION. The executive government of Western Samoa is vested in His Majesty the King pursuant to a mandate confirmed by the League of Nations. The Administrator is charged with the administration of the Territory, subject to the control of the Minister of External Affairs for New Zealand. The laws of the Territory are made by Act of the New Zealand Parliament or regulations issued thereunder, or by Ordinance passed by the local Legislative Council, which as at present constituted consists of the Administrator, six official members, two unofficial members elected by the adult European community, and four Samoan members nominated by the Fono of Faipule. The following legislative measures have been enacted since the last report : — In New Zealand— The Samoa Native Regulations 1938, Amendment No. 1. The Dependency Medical Appointments Emergency Regulations 1940. The Samoa Customs Order 1939, Amendment No. 1. The Dependency Emergency Regulations (No. 2) 1939, Amendment No. 2. The Dependency Emergency Regulations (No. 2) 1939, Amendment No. 3. The Dependency Emergency Regulations (No. 2) 1939, Amendment No. 4. In Samoa — No. 1/1940: The High Court Fees and Costs Ordinance. • No. 1/1941 : The Revenue Amendment Ordinance.

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Copies of all these measures have been sent to the High Commissioner for New Zealand in London, to be forwarded to the Permanent Mandates Commission. The cordiality which has characterized the relations between the Samoan people and the Administration for the past few years continued to be manifest and government functioned smoothly. The Legislative Council met twice in August, 1940, and twice in March, 1941, when the Ordinances mentioned above were passed. The Faipule chosen at the elections during the latter part of 1939 assembled in Fono from 20th August until 6th September of 1940. Being also the first meeting of this body since the commencement of the war, the Faipule expressed their views in tangible form by subscribing to voluntary local efforts for the purchase of a fighter aircraft to aid Britain. The good yield of the cocoa plantations continued throughout the year under review, and satisfactory prices have been recorded for the parcels that have been sold. A very considerable increase in the quantity exported was recorded, a total of 1,801 tons (£75,193) being exported, as against 650 tons (£25,152) in 1939. Copra-producers have faced severe hardship, consequent upon the almost complete collapse of the overseas copra-market. The first step of the New Zealand Government to alleviate the immediate distress was to remit the imposition of the copra-export duty on condition that the equivalent amount was passed on to producers in increased prices paid by the buying houses. This remission of duty still holds good. The next step of the New Zealand Government was to purchase traders' accumulated stocks on hand amounting to some 4,000 tons. A total of 5,644 tons (£44,004) was exported in 1940, as compared with 12,536 tons (£108,078) in 1939. The Acting-Administrator during a visit to New Zealand and Australia attended a conference with representatives of Australia, New Zealand, and other Pacific Administrations on the copra industry. Finance. An examination of the year's accounts reveals a deficit of £2,020. Particulars are given in Chapter VI, " Public Finance." Land-settlement. The Aleisa settlers have continued to develop new areas, planting bananas and cocoa. During the calendar year 1940 they shipped 12,016 cases of bananas. The Aleisa Settlement areas were renamed " Lagisitone " to identify them more clearly from the larger Aleisa District. The Administration records its thanks to the members of the Lagisitone Land-settlement Board for their interest and assistance in the control of the settlement. Postal and Radio. The value of money-orders paid at Apia was £2,428, a decrease of £869 from last year's figure. Withdrawals from the Post Office Savings-bank totalled £23,607, and deposits were £26,322. The number of depositors as at 31st March, 1941, was 2,828, with a total amount of £68,139 held to their credit. There were 6,758 radio messages handled, the revenue being £1,670. Staff. Particulars are given in the following table as at 31st March of each year : —

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Persons of Native Elective Samoan Europeans. Part- a District and Village Samoan Blood. r»moans. Officials. Services. 1940. 1941. 1940. 1941. 1940. 1941. 1940. 1941. Classified departmental .staffs — Education .. .. .. 9 8 11 10 259 252 Health 16 17 3 3 137 136 Native Affairs .. .. .. 3 3 1 1 12 12 240 233 Police and Prisons .. .. 6 5 3 3» 48 49 Other services .. .. 27 27 22 21 35 36 61 60 40 38 491 485 240 233 Casual employees .. .. .. 3 3 36 32 30 30 Totals .. .. 64 63 76 70 521 515 240 233

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VI. PUBLIC FINANCE. The accounts of the Territory for the year show an excess of expenditure over revenue of £2,020 after reducing loan indebtedness by £5,372 under the Sinking Fund scheme. The accumulated surplus was drawn on to the extent of the deficiency and now stands at £39 853 held as under :— £ ? as \ ■ 10,917 Investments and advances in Samoa .. .. .. .. .. 7 286 Investments in New Zealand .. .. .. .. 21'650 £39,853 Revenue for the year amounted to £107,980, a decrease of £23,436 over the previous year Expenditure amounted to £110,000, a reduction of £25,648 from the previous year's total. Unprecedented conditions in the copra-market led to a full rebate of copra duty on purchases as from 15th July, 1940, resulting in this source of revenue drying up for the time being. The total revenue and expenditure figures under departmental headings are shown below in comparison with the previous year

Revenue.

Expenditure.

A comparative statement of revenue and expenditure each year from 1931-32 is shown below

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Head of Revenue. 1930-40. 1940-41. £ £ I. Education .. .. .. .. 453 357 II. Health 11,574 6,271 III. Justice .. .. .. . t 733 IV. Lands and Survey .. .. .. 537 j 173 V. Native .. .. .. .. 423 '455 VI- Police and Prisons 3,339 3>051 VII. Postal and Radio .. .. . 12 371 s ww VIII. Public Works 6'274 5,565 IX. Treasury, Customs, &c. .. .. 95,712 82,207 _ - „ • 131,416 107,980

Head of Expenditure. 1939-40. 1940-41. ' £ £ I. Public Debt Charges .. .. .. 9 ) 588 9 602 II. Administrator and Government House .. 2 122 2'032 III Education 9] 954 IV. Health 29,147 27,815 V. Justice, Labour, and Public Trust .. .. 3,375 3,706 VI. Lands and Survey .. .. 2 025 2' 172 VII. Native.. 8 ; 928 10,m Vill. rolice and rrisons .. .. .. 7,911 8 151 IX. Postal and Radio .. .. .. 6 316 6 479 X. Public Works 29,'757 14^795 XI. secretariat .. .. .. .. 18)951 6>414: XII. Treasury, Customs, &c. .. .. .. 8,986 10,012 136,632 111,253 Less recoveries, Public Trust and 984 1,253 Labour 135,648 110,000

Y ea ,. Revenue obtained Expenditure of „ „ _ in the Territory. the Territory. deficit or Surplus. £ £ £ 1931-32 .. .. 109,040 128,936* —19,896* 1932-33 .. .. 105,920 98,166 + 7 754 1933-34 .. .. 90,613 89,955 + 658 1934-35 .. .. 78,808 76,505 +2,303 1935-36 .. .. 111,867 100,736 +11,131 1936-37 .. .. 117,909 116,613 +1,296 1937-38 .. .. 139,450 139,070 + 380 1938-39 .. .. 123,803 119,233 +4,570 1939-40 .. .. 131,416 135,648 -4,232 1940-41 .. .. 107,980 110,000 - 2,020 * Includes expenditure of £10,412 on extra police.

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The following comparative table shows the total receipts each year, together with the amounts expended on certain public services : —

Loan Account. The public debt was reduced to £96,840 by the repayment of £5,370 out of the Sinking Fund established for this purpose. Customs and Treasury Revenue. Net collections of revenue under the various Treasury and Customs headings amounted to £82,207 for the financial year, a decrease of £10,679 on the previous year. VII.—DIRECT TAXES. The principal direct taxes payable in the Territory are a graduated salary-tax, building-tax, and water rates. As from Ist April, 1941, under the provisions of the Revenue Amendment Ordinance 1941, a graduated store-tax will be payable on business turnovers. This tax replaces the flat-rate store-tax previously payable by general storekeepers only. A comparative statement of the principal direct taxes is shown below : —

In addition, there are the usual motor-registration and other similar fees.

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Revenue from | , , , External Sources. R ™ e Repay- ! Amounts spent on Financial Year. : -vr — Tnf „ rnQ , ment Loans and U1 of Loans. VA .. AT .. Public Public recoverable Sources. Education Native. „ ,,, , Advances. Q. ran ts Health. Works. * £ £ jg £ £ 1920-21 .. .. 44,336 .. 149,027 •• 3,176 15,196 15,840 13,796 1921-22 .. .. 49,229 16,000 119,569 •• 5,237 17,232 22,690 15,418 1922-23 .. .. 20,777 16,000 115,250 •• 6,846 15,481 25,715 12,549 1923-24 .. .. 5,658 24,000 109,917 •• 6,556 15,856 23,995 21,191 1924-25 .. .. .. 19,140 111,774 7,609 16,170 24,425 24,737 1925-26 .. .. 5,000 21,400 128,638 ■■ 9,131 16,740 25,761 26,555 1926-27 .. .. 31,000 20,000 113,812 - - 9,688 15,927 25,911 20,016 1927-28 .. .. 16,500 20,000 106,038 •• 10,222 15,788 25,597 16,842 1928-29 .. .. 25,700 47,374 121,904 8,000 7,738 12,278 24,367 13,606 1929-30 .. .. .. 39,448 131,416 .. 6,955 9,882 18,016 17,005 1930-31 .. .. .. 21,000 130,385 .. 7,439 9,698 18,224 15,726 1931-32 .. .. 6,000 .. 109,040 6,000 6,794 8,465 17,824 15,797 1932-33 .. .. .. .. 105,920 26,155 5,459 6,965 21,819 11,908 1933-34 .. .. .. .. ■ 90,613 3,000 5,097 7,010 17,150 10,632 1934-35 .. .. .. .. 78,808 4,335 4,910 5,385 13,937 9,111 1935-36 .. .. .. .. 111,867 .. 4,877 5,539 17,797 20,222 1936-37 .. .. .. .. 117,909 9,770 5,619 6,810 19,636 28,030 1937-38 .. .. .. .. 139,450 9,745 7,539 7,820 22,579 31,436 1938-39 .. .. .. .. 123,803 4,855 8,553 8,433 25,904 25,556 1939-40 .. .. .. .. 131,416 5,1301 9,526 8,928 29,147 29,757 1940-41 .. .. .. .. 107,980 5,370* 9,954 10,121 27,815 14,795 204,200 Total.. 82,360 Less .. .. 25,000* = Total .. .. 179,200 Note.—-Expenditure on education and public health does not include expenditure on sohool and hospital buildings, which is included under the heading " Public Works." * Treated as a gift by the New Zealand Government (not in respect of any specific year).

Received. 1939-40. 1940-41. £ £ Salary-tax .. .. .. .. .. 450 406 Building-tax .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,708 2,933 Water rates .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,351 1,413 I

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VIII.—INDIRECT TAXES. The principal indirect taxes of the c'ountry are Customs duty (see the annual'report on " Trade, Commerce, and Shipping ") and other dues such as port and Customs service tax, shipping, pilotage, wharf, and port dues. Stamp duties are also collected in accordance with the provisions of the Stamp Duty Ordinance 1932, and Amendment. IX.—TRADE. The total trade figures for the 1940 calendar year —£387,186 —showed a decrease of 6-71 per cent, from those of 1939. Imports in 1940 were 74-61 per cent, of the value of exports, as compared with 88-352 per cent, in 1939. The value of imports decreased by £29,283, while exports showed a slight increase of £1,324— there was thus a net reduction of £27,959 from the total trade figure of £415,145 for 1.939. The export of bananas again played a prominent part in the trade of the Territory. A record export of 225,885 cases yielded a return of £84,706. Further details as to trade are shown in the graphs appended to this report. X.—JUDICIAL ORGANIZATION. The Samoa Act, 1921, and the Native Land and Titles Protection Ordinance 1934, prescribe the judiciary for the Territory. The three Native associate Judges were succeeded during the year by three new appointees. In its civil jurisdiction the High Court recorded 40 judgments ; 8 civil actions were struck out. The total amount for which judgments were given was £299. Fifteen divorces were granted. In criminal prosecutions, 718 convictions were recorded. Total fines inflicted amounted to £257. The Native Land and Titles Court held four sittings, occupying a total of forty-three sitting-days. Eighteen matters were dealt with, and 1,318 persons attended. XI.—POLICE AND PRISONS. The total European strength (including one clerk) as at 31st March, 1941, was eight. The uniformed Native strength as at 31st March, 1941, was thirty-eight, exclusive of one Native clerk and ten messengers also under the control of the Inspector of Police. Prisons. There were 4-3 prisoners in custody on 31st March, 1940. During the year 115 prisoners were admitted and 116 discharged, leaving a total of 42 in custody on 31st March, 1941. XII.—SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE NATIVES. There is no change in the fundamentals of Native life, which are little affected by prevailing world conditions. As has been mentioned elsewhere, the collapsed copra-market brought its hardships to the Native people, more particularly in those out-districts which do not grow bananas for export. In these districts the lack of money with which to purchase trade goods has necessitated a closer adhesion to Native ways of life. XIII.—LABOUR. There has been no change in the plantation labour situation since the last report. XIV.—FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE. The observances of Christian life are matters of great moment to the Samoan people ; they pursue their religious life untroubled either by interdenominational differences or by secular persecution. Not once since the introduction of Christianity to these islands has the principle of freedom of conscience and worship been threatened from internal causes. XV.—EDUCATION. The following table shows the schools which come under the jurisdiction of the Administration : —

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Schools. Number. Staff. Pupils. Grade II 87 168 10,491 Grade III 4 28 1,164 Teachers' Training-school .. .. .. .. 1 1 50 European school .. .. .. .. .. 1 16 500 Post-primary school .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 20 94 214 12,225 Native Inspectors, Grade II schools .. .. .. .. 5 Superintendent of Schools .. .. .. .. .. 1 94 220 12,225

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General. In the 1938-39 report appeared an exhaustive summary of the organization of education in the Territory. Frequent and regular visits of inspection were made during the year to Administration schools by European medical officers, Native medical practitioners, the dental officer, and dental cadets. XVI.—LIQUOR AND DRUGS. (Information in the form recommended by the Permanent Mandates Commission in the report of its Twenty-first Session.) A. There were no changes in legislation or regulations issued during the year. B. Judicial statistics showed eleven persons arrested or summoned during 1940-41 for breaches of the laws and regulations relating to liquor. All were convicted. Figures for preceding years were : — Arrested or summoned. Convicted. • 1939-40 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 28 1938-39 .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 8 1937-38 .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 7 C. Spirits and alcoholic beverages imported during the financial year, 1940-41

For sacramental purposes, 165 gallons of wine ; rectified spirits of wine for industrial purposes, 717 gallons. D. Production within the Territory is prohibited by law. E. Revenue derived from duties in importations, 1940-41 Medicinal liquor (import duty, 171 per cent, or 25 per cent., plus surcharge of 15 per cent, and 25 per cent, on British and foreign respectively as £ s. d. from December, 1940; port and Customs service tax, 5 per cent.) .. 669 3 4 Industrial liquor (import duty, 17-| per cent, or 25 per cent., plus surcharge of , 15 P' !r cent, or 25 per cent. ; port and Customs service tax, 5 per cent.) .. Nil. (Note. —No duty was payable under this head, as the 717 gallons of rectified spirits of wine referred to in paragraph C were all imported by the Administration.) Sacramental liquor (free of import duty;. port and Customs service tax, 5 per cent.) .. .. .. .. .. ~ .. 2 15 0 These duties are the ordinary ad valorem rates applying to all goods not subject to specific rates of duty ; there is no authorization for higher specific rates of duty on liquor, for the rate of duty is immaterial, having regard to the fact that all liquor is sold by and for the Administration at prices approximating current retail prices in New Zealand. F. In view of the position explained in E, there are no other duties, license fees, or taxes. G. There is no Native beverage containing alcohol. The Native ceremonial drink kava if allowed to stand does not ferment, and after a few hours becomes stale and unpalatable. It is not consumed in sufficient strength or quantity to have toxic effects. H. General information with regard to liquor, in addition to the above, was given in the eighth report, 1928. During the year under review there were no offences reported under the Samoa Dangerous Drugs Order 1930.

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Quantities issued under Average Approxi- Quantity ; Medical Permits. mate Percentage imported, j -—7 Countries of Origin. Alcohol by Weight.* 1940-41. I ± I Spirituous liquors— Gallons. Gallons. Gallon?. Whisky .. .. 38-5 to 51-0 398 467§ 393 United Kingdom, Ireland, and Australia. Brandy .. .. 38 • 5 to 49 • 3 10 42 J 32 France and Australia. ®n .. .. 40-6 220 269J 220§ United Kingdom and Holland. Rum •• •• 40-0 to 47-0 .. 21$. 6 Jamaica. Others .... .. 8 6 8§ France. Alcoholic beveragesPort, sherry, and 12-0tol7"8 126 163 181 Australia and France, champagne Vermouth .. 5-5 to 10-0 26 39§ „ 34 France and Italy. Stout .. .. 5-5 42 204 126 United Kingdom and Australia. * The approximate percentage of alcohol by weight given above are those accepted by the Customs Department in New Zealand. Analyses have been made of samples of all brands of ale imported, with results showing percentages of alcohol by weight ranging from 1-51 to only 2-39. The ales imported into Western Samoa, therefore, although subject to regulations under the Samoa Act, 1921, do not come within the definition of "intoxicating beverages" as accepted by the Permanent Mandates Commission (minutes of the Tenth Session, page 182), and have accordingly been omitted from the return.

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XVII.—HEALTH. The European staff consists of three medical officers, one dental officer, one bacteriologist, one dispenser, and a nursing staff of one matron and nine nursing sisters. The Native staff consists of sixteen Native medical practitioners, four medical cadets (who will later proceed to the Central Medical School, Suva), five dispensary and laboratory assistants, and seventy-eight nurses and trainees. There are also a grounds staff and ward attendants. For the past two years a locally-born European has been in training at Auckland Hospital, New Zealand, as a bacteriologist. It is hoped that by the end of 1941 his training will be sufficiently advanced to enable him to return to Apia and assume control of bacteriological and X-ray work. A senior Samoan nurse also underwent a course of training in New Zealand during the year. Two more Samoan medical students- completed their four-year course of training at the Central Medical School and returned to take up full-time duties as Native medical practitioners. The Administration is building a strong Native medical service with sixteen Native medical practitioners now in operation and a further nine students in training at Suva. Two new out-stations have been opened, one at Satupait-ea, in Savai'i, and the other at Fagaloa Bay, in Upolu. With the opening of new schools in the out-districts, the resident Native medical practitioners, with the assistance of the Administration-trained teachers, are making satisfactory headway with the improvement of sanitary conditions in the villages. Practically every school now has a pit latrine in place of the old-type sea latrine. Hospitals and Dispensaries. , Admissions to hospitals — Apia Hospital — 1® 39 - 1940 - Europeans .. .. ■ • • • • • 491 407 Samoans .. .. •• •• 1,072 810 Chinese .. .. ■ • • • • • 93 93 Melanesians .. .. .. • • • • 33 5 1,689 1,315 Tuasivi Hospital .. .. .. .. •• 167 105 Aleipata Hospital .. .. .. • • • • '47 134 2,003 1,554 Fagamalo .. .. ■ • • • • • • • 91 76 Sataua .. .. •• • • •• • • 64 68 Poutasi .. .. .. ■ ■ • • • • 283 248 Leulumoega .. .. .. • • • • • • 13 29 Sa'anapu .. . . • ■ • • ■ • • • 21 67 Fagaloa .. .. • ■ • • • • • • • • Total in-patients ... .. • • •• 2,475 2,060 Out-patients, hospitals and dispensaries.. .. 30,735 60,941 33,210 63,001 Deaths in hospitals .. .. .. • • • • 98 107 Main Diseases. Yaws. —There has been a marked improvement in the condition of children suffering from yaws in the out-districts, and few bad oases are now seen. Leprosy. —During the year twelve cases were transferred to Makogai • Leper Station, Fiji. The majority of these cases were in their early stages. All returned lepers, and the relations of any leper who has been transferred to Makogai, are examined regularly. Pulmonary Tuberculosis^—lncreased notifications of this disease are being made, some 118 cases being reported during the year. The necessity for strict segregation of infected persons is stressed to the Women's Committees, and in some cases separate fales have been built. Malignant Jaundice. —The investigations conducted by Sir Raphael Cilento, Director-General of Health' for Queensland, proved the blood of recovered cases reacted to various cultures of lepto-spira. Consequent upon this, a rat-extermination campaign has been undertaken, and it is known that a large number of rats have been destroyed. The number of cases for the January -March, 1941, quarter shows a decrease from the total reported in the corresponding period of 1940. Dental Clinic. During the year six dental cadets completed their training and qualified as Native dental officers, but are being retained in the clinic for a further period of two years. Two trainees have been accepted from the Niue Island Administration and two more Samoan boys are in training.

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Infant Mortality. Deaths (Samoans) at Different Ages.

The infant-mortality rates per 1,000 registered births have been as follows:— Year. Rate. Year. Rate. Year. Rate. 1925 .. .. 186 ' 1931 .. 11l 1936 .. 29177 1926 .. 106 1932 .. 121 1937 .. 89-30 1927 . . .. 101 1933 . . 114 1938 .. 73-79 1928 . 58 1934 . . 104-8 1939 . . 83-56 1929 70 1935 .. 97 0 1940 . . 73-80 1930 . . .. 61 It is gratifying to note that the infant-mortality figure for 1940 has returned to the level of 1938. XVIII.—LAND TENURE. The system of land tenure is fully described in last year's report. XIX.—POPULATION. Statistics for the year ending 31st March, 1941, are given in the following table :—

XX. —PUBLIC WORKS. Owing to the prevailing financial stringency, the construction programme of the Public Works Department was considerably curtailed. A concrete dispensary was erected at Salailua (Savai'i) and a new staff fale for Native nurses at Apia Hospital was completed. Roads. —Some 2,000 ft. of the main Apia-Mulifanua Road was reformed and sealed with bitumen. Other arterial roads received maintenance attention. Sea Walls. —The main sea wall extending from the Customhouse to the Yaisigano River was repaired and extended. Waterworks.—ln several Savai'i villages galvanized-iron tanks of up to 800 gallons capacity have been installed. Cement has also been issued to enable villages to improve their drinking-wells and bathing-pools.

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Number of Deaths. Percentage of Total Deaths. 1938. 1939. 1940. 1938. 1939. 1940. Under 1 week .. .. .. 14 28 25 1 * 89 3*52 3*37 From 1 week to 1 month .. .. 19 11 15 2-57 1*39 2-01 From 1 month, to 3 months .. .. 23 22 25 3*11 2*78 3-37 From 3 months to 6 months .. .. 34 35 29 4-60 4-41 3-91 From 6 months to 12 months .. .. 71 85 68 9*6l 10-70 9-14 From 1 year to 2 years .. .. .. 71 73 86 9-61 9-19 11-57 From 2 years to 3 years .. .. .. 32 55 44 4-33 6-93 5-93 From 3 years to 4 years .. .. .. 20 21 23 2-71 2-65 3-10 From 4 years to 5 years .. .. .. 20 20 9 2-71 2-52 1-21 From 5 years to 10 years .. .. 49 58 51 6-63 7-30 6-86 Over 10 years .. .. .. • ■ 386 386 368 52*23 48*61 49*53 Totals .. .. 739 794 743 100*00 100*00 100*00

f j ' Designation. As at Births. Deaths. Arrivals. Departures. As at Grand M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Europeans .. 255 138 4 3 2.. 88 41 112 54 233 128 301 Persons of part- 1,581 1,422 67 56 4 3 76 93 126 107 1,594 1,461 3,055 Samoan blood Natives .. .. 28,975 28,147 1,231 1,025 414 380 249 190 312 245 29,729 28,737 58,466 Chinese labourers .. 324 .. .. .. 7 .. .. .. .. . • 317 .. 317 Other Chinese .. 7 3 .. 7 3 10 Melanesian labourers 77 1 .. .. .... .. .. .. .. 77 1 78 31,219 29,711 1,302 1,084 427 383 413 324 550 406 31,957 30,330 62,287 Totals .. 8H)~ 737 956 62,287

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Copra Production, 1910-40.

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Values of Import, Export, and Total Trade of Western Samoa, 1925-40.

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (884 copies), £20.

Authority: E. Y. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington.—l94l.

Price 6d.\

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