Papers Past | Parliamentary Papers | Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives | 1934 Session I | REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR...

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1934. NEW ZEALAND.

REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1933. [In Continuation of E.-1, 1933.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

CONTENTS.

No. of Title of Section. Page g^ io °* Title of Section. Page I "introductory and General 2 20. Intermediate Schools and Departments .. 28 9 tv™« nf School .. 6 21. Post-primary Education .. .. .. 28 I'. Sof Education:: " •• ■■ ' * 22. Evening Technical Classes and Part-time Day 4: School Buildings and Sites f Classes 5 Number of Schools 8 23. Native Schools .. .. .. ..29 6. Enrolment at Educational Institutions .. 9 24. Registered Private Primary Schools .. 29 7 Regularity of Attendance 13 25. Private Secondary Schools (Registered) .. 30 8". Staffs of Schools 13 26. Correspondence School 30 9 Number of Pupils and Adult Teachers in the 27. Kindergarten Schools <H Public Primary Schools of the different Educa- 28. Consolidation of Schools .. .. .. fL tion Districts 15 29. Conveyance of Pupils 81 10. Size of Classes Jβ 30. Manual Instruction 32 11. Classification of Teachers 16 31. Physical Education 32 12. Salaries of Teachers 19 32. School Music •» 13 Pupils leaving Public Primary Schools .. 21 33. Training of Teachers S3 14. Pupils commencing Post-primary Course in 34. Education .. ..33 State Schools 21 35. Annual Examinations 34 15. Destination of Pupils 22 36. Child Welfare .. .. -.36 16 Vocational Guidance and Placement.. .. 25 37. Teachers' Superannuation Fund .. .. 37 17 Length of Post-primary Course .. ..26 Appendix of Expenditure and Re18'. Free Places in Post-primary Schools.. .. 27 covenes, &c. •*» 19. Special Classes for Backward Children .. 27 ;

Office of the Department of Education, Your Excellency,— Wellington, 2nd August, 1934. I have the honour, in accordance with the provisions of the Education Act 1914 to submit to Your Excellency the following report upon the progress and condition of public education in New Zealand during the year ended the 31st December, 1933. 1 have, &c, R. Masters. His Excellency the Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand.

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REPORT,

I. INTRODUCTORY AND GENERAL. During the year the educational institutions under the control of my Department have made very satisfactory progress in spite of the curtailments in some directions that were rendered necessary by the financial condition of the Dominion. I wish to take this opportunity of thanking again all those who have been concerned with the control and administration of the schools for their cheerful acceptance of financial restrictions which they realized were imposed by Government only under stress pf the imperative necessity for reducing public expenditure to the minimum consistent with the efficient maintenance of essential services; and for the splendid loyalty which they have shown in devising means by which the inevitable economies enforced by the reduction of their incomes have been secured without depriving the children in their care of any major privileges or advantages. During my visit to the World Conference I had the opportunity of seeing something of the educational systems of England and America. As far as time would permit, I made inquiry into the many aspects presented by . education in those countries, and came to the conclusion that, though we are in some respects behind the best practice of the older countries, particularly on the social and humanitarian sides, on the whole the education received by our children compares favourably with that given to the majority of English and American children. When more money is available I propose to give consideration to some features of education that so far have not been fully incorporated into our system. The further extension of the reorganized primary-school system, the establishment of kindergartens in the cities and larger towns, the education and after-care of those less fortunate children who are unfitted to benefit by the ordinary methods and courses of instruction, and the vocational guidance of primary and post-primary pupils, are matters of great importance, awaiting a period of more vigorous development of educational services which will become possible only when financial conditions improve. At the beginning of the year intermediate schools were established in accordance with the new regulations in Napier and Wanganui, and the West Christchurch District High School was reorganized by transferring the Primer to Standard IV pupils to the neighbouring schools and attaching an intermediate department to the school for the Form I and II pupils of West Christchurch and Addington Schools. Towards the end of the year contracts were let for the erection of new intermediate schools at Shirley (Christchurch) and Albany Street (Dunedin). When these two schools are opened at the beginning of next year there will be five intermediate schools and eleven intermediate departments in the Dominion. Of the eleven departments, six are attached to secondary schools, one to a technical high school, and four to district high schools. At the end of the year 3,806 children were enrolled in intermediate schools and departments. My Department has exerted no compulsion on Boards or parents in regard to the reorganization of the primaryschool system. It has aimed at convincing parents that the change is in the interests of their children, so that when the opportunity offers, reorganization may be effected. With the fall in the attendance of many city schools, due in a large measure to the industrialization of the districts in which they are situated, it may be possible to redistribute the pupils and establish more intermediate schools. During the year special attention has been given to the courses of instruction, with the object of providing more satisfactorily for the various types of pupils. In the past ample provision has been made by the schools for what may be termed the verbally minded pupil, whether or not he is also practically minded—that is, the boy or girl who readily absorbs book-knowledge. The practically minded pupil,

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who excels in art or craft work, in domestic or manual occupations, if not also verbally minded, has not been so well catered for. At the proficiency examination this year the Inspectors were directed to take into account towards the award of the certificate, special ability not only in a foreign language if one were included, but also in practical mathematics and handwork. This recognition resulted m 350 (1-8 per cent.) more pupils gaming proficiency certificates than would have done so had not subjects other than English and arithmetic received consideration. There are in the Dominion eighty-one district high schools, most of them in rural districts. These take the place of the post-primary schools in the cities, and provide the means of advanced education for country children. For some time it had been felt that the course of instruction in the secondary departments of the district high schools had been framed mainly in the interests of those children who intended to follow an academic course of education. A very small percentage of children from these schools proceed directly or indirectly to the Universities. Consequently, for the majority of the pupils a course based solely on the requirements of the University Entrance Examination is unsuitable and undesirable. The district high schools have done and continue to do good service in the communities in which they are placed, but it was felt that their usefulness could be extended by a modification of the curriculum. To this end I submitted proposals to the Boards, the Inspectors, and the teachers with the object of unifying the courses as much as possible to simplify the organization of the secondary department and to give a better chance to the non-academic pupils, who, under the older system, were apt to receive less suitable instruction than the examination pupils received. It was pointed out that the underlying motive of the suggestions was to improve the content of courses other than the University Entrance course in the hope that more pupils would be attracted to enter and remain in those courses. Agriculture was omitted as a subject of the University course, and two science subjects substituted which are essentially related to agriculture. This is considered advisable if agriculture is to be given adequate treatment as a major course, and not merely as a single subject. The following courses were suggested: University Entrance course, farm course, home crafts course. The proposals were well received, and there is every reason to believe that the schools will put them wholly or partly into operation next year. Even where the whole scheme cannot be adopted, it is believed that of it can be incorporated into the scheme of instruction to provide more interesting and useful courses for the several types of pupils. In two or three centres I have arranged for the secondary department to give special attention to the principal industry of the district. The establishment of a school certificate for post-primary pupils has received a great deal of consideration during the year, and it is confidently anticipated that it will be possible to issue regulations early in 1934 to provide for the issue of the certificate at the end of that year. The certificate has been asked for during the past few years by the teachers of the post-primacy schools, their object being to secure the provision of an alternative to the University Entrance Examination. The latter examination was designed for a specific purpose—namely, entrance to the University. Only a small percentage of pupils proceed from the post-primary schools direct to the University ; others take up University work later, but the majority of pupils who pass through secondary and technical schools do not go further with their scholastic education. At present the only general external examination available for third- or fourth-year pupils is the University Entrance. The syllabus and the prescriptions for this examination were drawn up by the University for the definite of setting the standard of attainment in languages, mathematics, and science, which those wishing to proceed with higher education must reach before they enter the University, "it is evident, therefore, that some examination other than the University Entrance is required to meet the needs of the rest the pupils. I lie present University syllabus contains nineteen subjects, all of which it is proposed to include in the School Certificate Examination, together with twelve others— namely, technical drawing, economics, book-keeping, shorthand and typewriting,

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needlework, house crafts, technical electricity, heat engines, applied mechanics, plane trigonometry, physiology and hygiene, and general biology. The standard of the school certificate will be that of the University Entrance. It is proposed that the University should examine in conjunction with the Education Department, the University setting the papers in its subjects and the Department in the subjects that have been added. The school certificate will indicate a degree of mental ability, aptitude, and diligence and a general education of the same standard as that of the University Entrance Examination, whatever the selection of subjects by the holder may have been. It will be seen, therefore, that school curricula have received careful consideration, and that next year it should be possible for pupils to enter upon courses of instruction specially suited to their aptitudes and requirements. The supply of teachers still continues to exceed the number of positions available for them. As the year proceeded it became evident that there would be no need to train further teachers in 1934. Consequently it was decided to close temporarily the Christchurch and Auckland Training Colleges in order that the surplus of teachers might be absorbed. The staffs of these two colleges, which had been selected on account of the special qualifications' of the individual members, were retained, but in 1934 they will be employed on other duties. The Principals and Vice-Principals will be Acting-Inspectors of Schools. This will enable them to come into contact with their own students in the schools and form an opinion as to how far the training college is meeting the requirements of the schools. It will also give these officers the opportunity of seeing at first hand the work that is being done in the schools, and on their return to their colleges of formulating plans or methods to enable their students to give the best possible service to the communities in which they are appointed to teach. Some of the lecturers will be attached to the University colleges, where they will refresh their knowledge of the subjects in which they are specialists, and at the same time afford relief to the Professors by dividing with them some of the larger University classes. One lecturer has been attached to the staff of the Auckland Museum for work in connection with the schools. The lecturers in art, music, handwork and kindergarten work, science and nature-study, and physical education will become itinerant instructors and visit schools throughout the Dominion. These lecturers will meet the teachers in their schools and advise them in regard to courses of work and methods of instruction. In as many centres as possible they will gather the teachers together and hold short refresher courses. It is expected that the visits will do a great deal to inspire the teachers with added enthusiasm for their work and to place before them up-to-date and approved methods of teaching particular subjects. The oversupply of trained certificated teachers made it necessary to continue the scheme for rationing work among teachers. The positions usually occupied by probationary assistants, additienal assistants, and junior relieving teachers were included in the scheme, but the more experienced' relieving teachers were paid in accordance with the ordinary scale. Rationed teachers were paid at the rate of £100 per annum, together with a lodging-allowance at the rate of £36 per annum if they were required to live away from home. The Department paid the actual and reasonable expenses of transit to and from the place in which the rationed teacher was employed. Under the scheme the majority of the teachers received at least two terms' employment. The Department's Correspondence School continues to provide educational facilities for those children who are unable by reason of distance, or in a few cases, physical disability, to attend a primary or a post-primary school. There were on the roll at the end of the year 1,319 primary and 355 secondary pupils, a total of 1,674, an increase of 163 on the number in 1932. The primary course includes all the subjects taught in a public school, except music and physical education. Fifty-three pupils sat for the Proficiency Examination and all were successful in passing. Twenty-five pupils were awarded Intermediate Certificates on recommendation. Six pupils passed the University Entrance Examination.

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There is no doubt that this school is greatly appreciated by parents whose homes are so isolated that their children are unable to attend an ordinary school. The activities of the Child Welfare Branch of the Department include the investigation of all cases of children and juveniles appearing before the Children's Court providing supervision where ordered by the Courts, and maintaining and placing the children actually committed to the care of the Department. In addition, this Branch registers and supervises all homes where infants under six years of age are maintained apart from their parents, investigates all applications for the adoption of children, and registers and inspects all orphanages and private institutions for children. The special residential schools for the deaf and for the mentally backward children are also administered by this Branch. Considerable difficulty has been experienced throughout the year in finding suitable employment for the young people (numbering about 840) who are actually State Wards, and in many cases it has been necessary to grant assistance for partboard and for clothing, &c, that in normal times would not be necessary. A review of the cases before the Courts during the year does not reveal any appreciable increase in juvenile delinquency. In fact, the number of committals taken over a period of five years shows a decided decrease. For instance, in 1930 the number committed was 733, as compared with 476 for this year. The reduction in numbers is due partly to the fact that there is now a well-organized system of relief and partly to the concerted efforts of the Branch in what may be termed the preventive side of social work. During the year the attendance at the Native schools was well maintained and the general efficiency showed a further advance. An effort was made in the direction of giving the curriculum a bias towards the practical needs of the Maori, while not losing sight of the paramount necessity of teaching him to think and express himself in English. The teaching also of the principles of health and cleanliness was not overlooked, and at a number of schools the teachers found it possible to equip their pupils with school uniforms. The policy of improving and modernizing the buildings was continued, and a number of the older schools have been brought up to date in structure, ventilation, lighting, and heating. At the beginning of the year I was able to pay a visit to a number of Native schools in the North Auckland District and was pleased to have the opportunity of making a personal acquaintance with the teachers and the conditions under which they work. I was much impressed by the enthusiasm with which the School Committees and the teachers carried out their manifold duties in their communities, the bright and willing response of the pupils, and the care that was being devoted to the cleanliness of the buildings and the improvement of the grounds. During the year six teachers from England, two from Canada, and one from Natal have exchanged with New Zealand teachers. Negotiations are in hand for exchanging teachers between the Dominion and Australia. The teachers are very carefully selected by both Education authorities. They are, therefore, well qualified to explain the system of education in operation in their own country and to demonstrate the methods of teaching in practice there. These teachers also tend to draw closer the bonds of Empire, and I would like to take this opportunity of expressing my appreciation of the courtesy and assistance that have been extended to our teachers by Educational authorities and organizations overseas. On the 10th March Parliament passed the Education Amendment Act, 1932-33, which dealt with the appointment of teachers in public schools, the establishment and control of intermediate schools and intermediate departments, the summary dismissal of teachers for gross misconduct or suspension for neglect of duty or other offences, the payment of travelling-expenses to Managers of Technical Schools, the establishment and disestablishment of teachers' training colleges, advances to training-college students for purposes of their training, the enrolment and attendance of children at public schools, and the fixing of school holidays.

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Under this Act a child may be enrolled in a public school or Native school at any time within the first four weeks of the school term in which he attains the age of six years. Provision is also made for the compulsory enrolment in special classes of sub-normal children. On the 16th November regulations were issued fixing the terms of holidays to be observed in public, secondary, technical, and combined schools. The object of the regulations is to make the holidays for the various types of schools synchronize as far as possible throughout the Dominion. Parliament also passed Acts consolidating and amending certain enactments relating to Victoria University College and Canterbury University College. By the Education Law Amendment Act passed at the end of the year, School Committees are to hold office for two years, and there are to be biennial meetings of householders for the election of the Committee. 2. TYPES OF SCHOOLS. The present position in regard to our school system is outlined below. The Native schools and the Correspondence School are under the direct control of the Department; the other schools given in Table A are controlled by the various Boards in accordance with the Act and the regulations made thereunder. In addition to the types given in that table there exist a number of private primary schools, private secondary schools, and private Native schools (both primary and secondary). These are under the control of various private bodies, but the range of classes is substantially the same as that given for corresponding schools in the table. Some private secondary schools are " endowed " — i.e., maintained partly by revenues derived from grants of land made by the State. One private technical school was registered during the year. Apart from certain special schools for the mentally backward (three) and for the deaf (one) —the following are the types of State schools that are at present in operation. The New Zealand Institute for the Blind is privately controlled.

Table A.

(«.) A few primary schools have a Standard VII, in which the work done approximates to that of Form ĪĪĪ. In some of the schools the work done in Form 111 is supervised by the teacher, but the pupils are supplied with lessons compiled by the staff of the Department's Correspondence School. Some primary schools have become contributing schools — i.e., have lost Forms I and 11, these classes having been transferred to intermediate schools or departments. (b) Intermediate departments include Forms I and II only, Form 111 being considered part of the post-primary school to which the intermediate department is attached. One intermediate school has, however, a Form 111. (c) In secondary departments of some district high schools there are a lew pupils doing work in advance of that of Form V. (d) Secondary and technical schools amalgamated under a single governing body.

Type of School. Lowest Class. j Highest Class. 1. Primary (a) .. . . Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). 2. Native . . .. . . Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). 3. Intermediate (6) .. .. Form I (Standard V) Form II (Standard VI). 4. District High School — (i) Primary Department Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). (ii) Secondary Department Form III. . . . Form V. (c) 5. Secondary .. .. Form III.. .. Form VI. 6. Technical High .. .. Form III.. .. Form VI. 7. Combined (d) .. . . Form III. . .. Form VI. 8. Correspondence School — (i) Primary .. . . Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). (ii) Secondary .. . . Form III. . .. Form V.

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3. COST OF EDUCATION. The appendix to this report shows in detail under various headings the expenditure on education during the financial year ended 31st March, 1934. The total expenditure, including endowment revenue, amounted to £2,795,170, as against £2,863,802 in the previous year, a decrease of £68,632. An analysis of expenditure is shown in the following table : —

Table B. —Analysis of Expenditure on Education for the Year ended 31st March, 1934.

* This includes revenue from endowments administered by the various Boards, &c, as well as direct expenditure from public funds — * From public funds as shown in appendix .. .. .. .. .. 2,740,545 Endowments— Post-primary schools .. .. .. . • • • ■ • • • 37, 739 University colleges .. .. .. •• •• ■• •• 16,886 £2,795,170 fMean population for twelve months ended 31st March, 1934, was 1,541,511. § Grant to Massey Agricultural College is now provided under vote " Agriculture." || No significant amount. From the statement of expenditure and recoveries the cost per pupil in the primary schools based on average attendance was £9 15s. id. excluding buildings, and £10 Is. including buildings. The cost per child for elementary education in England and Wales for the year 1932-33 was £12 12s. 7d. This, however, included cost of capital expenditure, special services, &c.

(For more details see appendix to this Paper.) T , Expenditure „ 0 expressed as Expenditure per Branch of Education. Percentage of Total Head of Population.-)-(Wet) - Expenditure. ~~T £ | £ s. d. Departmental administration .. • ■ 29,647 1-06 0 0 5 Boards'administration .. .. •• 47,893 1*71 0 0 7 Cost of inspection — Primary .. .. .. • • 28,837 I • 03 0 0 5 Native .. .. .. •• •• 1,611 j 0-06 || Post-primary .. .. ... •• 4,343 0-16 0 0 1 Primary education — Public schools .. .. .. •• 1,71.1,818 \ 61-47 12 4 Departmental Correspondence School .. 6,506 J : Native Education — I Native schools .. .. .. 71,953 \ 2-10 0 10 Scholarships and bursaries .. .. 3 ,515 / Post-primary education — Secondary, technical, and combined schools .. 472,700 Secondary departments of district high schools 67,374 I 19-59 0 7 1 Correspondence School .. . - ■ • 4,298 j Scholarships and bursaries .. .. 3,328 J Higher education§ .. .. •• •• 73,608 2-63 0 0 11 Training of teachers .. . ■ • • 34,323 1-23 0 0 5 Special schools .. .. •• •• 16,414 0-59 0 0 3 Child welfare .. .. •• •• 111,136 3-98 0 1 5 Superannuation .. .. •• 46,784 1-67 0 0 7 Miscellaneous .. .. •• •• 2,426 0-09 || Capital expenditure on school buildings .. 56,656 2-03 0 0 9 Total* .. .. •• •• 2,795,170 100-00 1 16 3

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4. SCHOOL BUILDINGS AND SITES. During the year the net capital expenditure on the erection of school buildings, additions, sites, and teachers' residences was £56,656, as against £57,128 for the previous year. Owing to the limited funds available, it was not possible, therefore, to consider favourably all of the proposals that were submitted. Preference was given to those cases where no school accommodation existed or the existing buildings were inadequate for the numbers attending. In order to reduce further the expenditure of capital funds, an item was provided on the Consolidated Fund estimates to meet the cost of works costing under £200. .These works included small additions and alterations, the total expenditure for the year being £5,221. During the year one large school and a number of smaller buildings were destroyed by fire. The sum of £5,121 was expended on replacement. Of this, £3,846 has been provided by the Government Fire Insurance Fund. The following table shows the capital expenditure on new buildings, additions, sites, and teachers' residences for the years ended 31st March, 1931, 1932, 1933, and 1934 :— 1930-31. 1931-32. 1932-33. 1933-34. £ £ £ £ Public schools .. 203,292 126,778 36,290 57,664 Secondary schools .. 128,594 65,030 22,909 2,568 Technical schools .. 78,318 44,507 4,110 1,504 Training colleges .. 9,080 1,228 Universities . . 241 Native schools .. 8,922 14,433 869 2,698 Schools for mentally backward ~ 5,110 199 Child-welfare institutions .. .. 1,660 714 Kindergartens .. 1,747 54 Ma,ssey Agricultural College.. .. 68,825 9,622 Canterbury Agricultural College .. 109 . Gross total 505,898 262,565 64,178 64,434 Less credits-in-aid .. 4,554 3,417 7,050 7,778 £501,344 £259,148 £57,128 £56,656 5. NUMBER OF SCHOOLS. The following table gives the number of public schools classified according to grade and the number of intermediate schools and departments. The yearly average attendance is also shown : —

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Table C1. —Number of Public Primary Schools and of Intermediate Schools and Departments.

Table C 2, below, gives the number of schools other than public primary schools in the years 1932 and 1933 :—

Table C2.—Number of Schools other than Public Primary Schools.

6. ENROLMENT AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. The following tables (D to F) give some details as to numbers on the roll at recognized educational institutions, numbers of full-time pupils in the various standards and forms, and median ages of full-time pupils in the various standards and forms.

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Total Average Attendance.! Number of Schools.* Average* 1 Primary Department.!; Depa°rtmelt.§ Totals - Attendance. In each In each In each In each In each In each In each In each Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade. 0 (1-8) .. .. 210 210 ' 1,350 1,350 .. .. 1,350 1,350 1 9-20) .. .. 760 760 ! 10,983 10,983 .. .. 10,983 10,983 II (21-35) .. .. 481 481 j 12,658 12,658 .. .. 12,658 12,658 IIIA (36-50) .. .. 298 "1 12,338 1 12,338 1 Ills (51-80) .. .. 267 [> 699 15,699 y 40,369 48 V 79 15,747 )■ 40,448 IIIc (81-120) .. .. 134 J 12,332 J 31 J 12,363 J IVA (121-160) .. .. 65 1 8,489 1 414 1 8,903 ] IVB (161-200) .. .. 39 )■ 137 6,685 I 22,142 624 [>1,460 7,309 23,602 IVo (201-240) .. .. 33 J 6,968 J 422 j 7,390 J Va (241-280) .. .. 26 "1 6,400 1 518 ] 6,918 | VB 2S1-320 .. .. 27 y 81 7,619 }■ 23,169 414 |>1,363 8,033 y 24,532 Vo (321-360) .. .. 28 ) 9,150 j 431 J 9,581 J VIA (361-400) .. .. 26 1 9,613 1 587 10 '?2° 1 VIB (401-440) .. .. 22 67 8,629 j> 26,762 249 y 884 8,878 > 27,646 Vic (441-480) .. .. 19 J 8,520 J 48 j 8,568 J VIIA (481-520) .. .. 18 8,686 ") 75 ] 8,761 VIIB (521-560) .. .. 17 8,882 '.. 263 8,882 VIIo (561-600) .. .. 17 9,253 188 j .. 9,441 VIID (601-640) .. .. 13 7,668 .. •• 7,668 o VIIE (641-680) .. .. 9 > 82 5,586 45,715 .. .. 5,586 y 45,978 VHP (681-720) .. .. 3 2,047 .. .. '2.047 Vila (721-760) .. .. 4 2,777 .. 2,777 Villi (761-800) j •• •• VIIi (801-840) .. .. 1 J j 816 J .. .. 81b J Intermediate schools and depart- 14 14 j 3,577 3,577 805 805 4,382 4,382 m< Totals, 1933 .. .. 2,531 2,531 186,725 186,725 4,854 4,854 191,579 191,579 Totals, 1932 .. .. 2,528 2,528 196,958 196,958 4,932 4,932 201,890 201,890 Difference .. .. +3* +3 -10,233 -10,233 -78 -78 -10,311 -10,311 * Fourteen half-time and fifty schools with side schools attached arc counted as separate schools t The average attendance shown under this heading is the average attendance tor the year ended 31st August, 1933, computed and adjusted in accordance with the regulations governing the staffing of schools. The unadjusted total average attendance for the year ended 31st December, 1933, was : Primary departments, including Forms I and II of all intermediate schools and departments, 182,017 ; secondary departments and Form III of the separate intermediate school, 4,752. . . X The average attendance shown under this heading includes any pupils in Standard VII or m special classes. , , , § This refers to secondary classes conducted mainly in rural areas in district high schools that is, in primary schools to which are attached secondary departments. The entry in this column opposite "intermediate schools and departments includes Form III at Kowhai as well as the secondary departments of Waihi and West Christchurch. These are not included elsewhere.

(All schools not marked as " private" are State controlled.) Number of Schools in December, Number of Schools In December, 1932. 1933. m . a i i Type of Education Type of School. " given Boys' | Girls' Mixed Boys' Girls' Mixed T . , Schools. I Schools. Schools. 10tal - Schools. Schools. Schools, J-ocai. Chatham Islands .. .. Primary .. .. ..5 5 .. .. 4 4 Intermediate schools or depart- Intermediate.. 2 1 8 11 2 1 11 14 ments* Secondary departments of dis- Post-primary .. .. .. 80 80 .. .. 81 81 trict high schools Secondary . . .. • • Post-primary .. 10 12 16 38 10 12 16 38 Combined .. .. ■ • Post-primary .. 3 3 .. 6 3 3 .. 6 Technical Post-primary 21 21 .. .. 21 21 Native village .. . • Primary .. .. .. 135 135 .. .. 137 137 Native mission (private) .. Primary .. .. .. 11 11 .. .. 11 11 Native post-primary (private) Primary a n <1 4 5 1 10 4 5 1 10 post-primary Lower departments of secondary Primary .. 3 4 1 8 3 4 1 8 Private primary * .. .. Primary .. 40 41 228 309 41 36 232 309 Endowed and registered private Post-primary 20 33 1 54 21 33 1 55 secondary schools Specialf • • ■ • • • Primary ..2 1 2 5 2 1 2 5 • Eleven of these in 1933 were intermediate departments. t Two of these are schools for the mentally backward, one a school attached to a boys' welfare institution, one a school for the blind, and one a school for the deaf. The New Zealand Institute for the Blind is privately controlled.

Table D. —Numbers on the Roll at Recognized Educational Institutions (exclusive of University Colleges and Kindergarten Schools).

E.— 1.

Total Total Number Number Choldren. Adolescents. Adults. Type of School. on the Roll on the . _ _____ ___ ; ; J1 on the Roll on 1st July, 1st July, Under 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 | 20-21 21 Years 1932. 1933. 10 Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. and over. ; i | I Public primary schools .. 205,955 191,331 97,897 24,466 24,786 21,970 15,230 5,581 1,267 118 16 Special classes for backward 523 504 100 63 66 105 91 59 15 5 children Native schools, village (primary) 7,604 7,374 3,824 912 855 772 626 293 80 10 2 Native schools, mission (private, j 546 527 296 68 59 41 39 19 5 primary)* Public primary schools, Chatham i 141 149 66 24 : 17 17 12 10 2 .. 1 .. .. Islands Secondary schools, lower depart- 208 | 171 38 24 ! 23 36 26 18 5 1 ments Private primary schools* .. 25,509 25,294 12,964 2,954 3,139 2,835 2,099 933 262 86 20 2 Intermediate schools and depart- 2,868 3,966 4 134 856 1,296 1,090 450 109 25 2 ments Secondary departments of district 5,067 5,030 .. 3 18 288 1,091 1,346 1,110 710 328 108 25 3 high schools Secondary schools .. .. 14,705 14,468 .. 1 32 718 2,711 3,560 3,146 2,365 1,287 521 111 15 1 Combined schools .. .. 2,170 2,093 .. .. 6 97 381 528 485 335 184 61 15 1 Technical high and day schools.. 8,786 8,706 .. .. II 422 1,865 2,597 2,011 1,141 439 142 39 19 20 Technical classes (part-time stu- 9,459 9,078 .. .. 19 39 140 510 1,071 1,627 1,534 1,352 870 620 1,296 dents at day and night classes) Native schools, secondary* — Primary .. .. .. 127 105 18 3 11 16 19 14 12 9 3 Post-primary .. .. 233 206 .. .. . . 1 15 39 58 41 33 10 6 1 2 Endowed and registered private 4,279 4,109 .. .. 11 154 566 921 980 800 492 152 23 5 5 secondary schools Correspondence School .. 1,566 1,653 727 139 134 149 193 129 98 48 12 10 3 2 9 Training colleges .. .. 990 443 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 73 158 209 Schools for mentally backward, 222 290 i 19 19 24 33 50 41 25 27 12 9 6 4' 21 &c. School for the Deaf .. .. 119 119 35 11 8 ' 25 13 9 7 10 1 New Zealand Institute for the 20 32 8.. 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 Blind _ Grand totals .. .. 291,097 275,648 115,996 28,821 30,080 I 29,019 I 26,261 17,060 10,751 7,360 4,368 2,370 1,171 828 1,563 v , __ Estimated population (inclusive ... 1,537,370 140,170f 116,010 27,400 26,880 28,180 28,520 28,580 28,640 28,420 27,900$ of Maoris) at 1st July, 1933 * Native mission schools are registered private primary schools, and three Native secondary schools are registered private secondary schools, but in this table these schools are considered, respectively, mission schools and Native post-primary schools. f Estimated population five years of age but under ten years of age. J Estimated population twenty-one years of age and under twenty-two years of age.

Table E. —Numbers of Full-time Pupils in the various Standards and Forms as at 1st July, 1933.

E.— 1,

Special Class for the Men- CI p j gtandard L standard II. } Standard III. Standard IV. Form I. Form II. Form III. I Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. tally Back- I Type of School. ward. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys, j Girls. Boys, j Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. J Girls. Public primary .. .. 320 184 22,57219,255 13,39012,087 13,08612,12114,13212,997 13,50912,70912,38811,84110,416 9,926 411 491 100,224 91,611 Native—Europeans 177 129 48 52 59 59 64 69 44 52 44 52 37 34 3 9 476 456 Maoris .. 1,447 1,346 487 457 408 393 372 403 264 252 184 202 110 107 3 7 3,275 3,167 Public primary — Chatham .... 17 28 8 9 10 9 9 12 5 12 9 6 6 4 4 1 68 81 Islands Private primary and lower de- .. .. 3,100 3,050 1,493 1,512 1,519 1,585 1,581 1,850 1,658 1,770 1,527 1,871 1,411 1,592 148 430 .. .. .. .. .. .. 12,437 13,660 partments of secondary schools Intermediate .. 1,036 859 1,045 850 81 95 2,162 1,804 Secondary departments of dis- .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• 1,166 961 761 628 742 535 119 118 2,788 2,242 trict high schools Secondary.. .. I •• •• 2,515 2,3251,9661,934 2,6601,871 695 502 7,836 6,632 Combined .. .. .. 385 311 336 247 392 251 108 63 1,221 872 Technical.. .. i •• ! •• 2,3621,7721,4461,175 969 749 140 93 4,917 3,789 Endowed and registered private .. .. .. .. .. .. •• •• •• .. .. .. .. .. .. •• 574 700 564 631 7/6 545 187 213 2,101 2,089 secondary schools Correspondence 182 201 96 106 88 80 90 84 59 63 45 81 38 47 109 156 34 44 21 29 .. .. 762 891 Totals .. .. 320 184 27,495 24,009 15,522 14,223 15,170 14,247 16,248 15, 41ô|l5, 539 14,858 15,233 14,912 13,063 12,560 7,761 7,2585,107 4,659 5,560 3,980 1,249 989138,267 127,294

E,— l.

Table F. —Median Ages or Full-time Pupils in the various Standards and Forms as at 1st July, 1933.

Special i°ir Class P. Standard I. Standard II. Standard III. Standard IV. Form I. Form II. Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. the Mentally Type of School. Backward. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. | Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. ! Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys.! Girls. ! I ! i 1 Y. MY. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M.;Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Public primary .. .. 12 112' 6 6 11 6 10 8 4 8 1 9 4 9 110 510 211 511 212 512 213 413 1 13 1013 8 Native—Europeans 7574908 10 999510 1110 511 911 812 1012 913 613 3 Maoris .. 7 9 7 810 1 9 911 010 912 011 912 912 613 413 614 513 11 I Private primary and lower .. .. 6 6 6 6 8 2 8 1 9 2 9 010 410 011 511 212 412 313 413 314 214 8 departments of secondary schools Intermediate .. 12 312 113 313 214 513 10 Secondary departments of dis- ! 13 1113 1014 1014 1016 416 117 7 17 6 trict high schools Secondary .. .. 13 1013 914 1114 916 516 217 417 4 Combined .. ! .. 14 013 914 11114 916 415 1117 517 5 I ' i Technical .. 14 213 1115 214 1016 416 417 517 5 Endowed and registered private 14 214 015 215 1 16 716 317 317 2 secondary schools Correspondence .. .. | .. .. 7 3 7 2 8 5 8 5 9 8 9 510 710 712 Oil 912 612 713 913 813 1014 014 9.15 216 416 5 ..

E.—l.

7. REGULARITY OF ATTENDANCE. In the majority of the reports submitted by Education Boards reference is made to the continued high standard of regularity of attendance of pupils in primary schools and in intermediate schools and departments. For the year 1933 the average attendance of pupils in these schools for all districts was commendably high, it being 92-9 per cent, of the average weekly roll, as against 92-2 per cent, in 1932. In these circumstances it is only to be expected that good attendance certificates are more frequently won than was the case some years ago. The highest degree of regularity of attendance in any district was in the Nelson Education District, this being the second year in succession that such a result has been recorded. It is worthy of note that in this district the figures show a slight improvement in the already creditable percentage of the previous year—viz., 94-46 per cent., as against 94-17 per cent. 8. STAFFS OF SCHOOLS. The following table shows the number of adult teachers in the public primary schools of the different grades and in Forms I and II of intermediate schools and departments.

Table H1.-Number of Adult Teachers employed in Primary Departments of Public Schools and in Forms I and II of Intermediate Schools and Departments, December, 1933.

Sole Teachers, j Head Teachers. Teachers! Total Adult Teacller8 - Grade of School.* i i ~~ I M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Total. Grade 0 (1-8) .. 43 149 43 149 192 I (9-20) .. 412 317 2 412 319 731 II (21-35) .. 234 199 21 17 ,. 39 255 255 510 IIIa (36-50) .. 10 5 176 100 4 276 190 381 571 HIb (51-80) 218 44 1 280 219 324 543 " IIIc (81-120) .. •• 113 12 6 243 119 255 374 IY (121-240) .. . • ■ ■ 133 1 108 387 241 388 629 V (241-360) .. •• •• 80 139 380 219 380 599 VI (361-480) .. • • • • 63 .. 169 405 232 405 637 VII (over 480) .. .. ■■ 91 .. 342 853 433 853 1,286 Intermediate schools and . . . . 5f .. 66 59 71 59 130 departments i I All grades— 1933 ..699 670 900 174 835 2,924 2,434 3,768 6,202 1932 .. .. 647 713 916 178 849 3,081 2,412 3,972 6,384 Difference .. ■ ■ +52 -43 -16 -4 -14 -157 +22 -204 -182 * The trade of school given above is the grade in which the school is placed when all attached side schools are included, while part-time schools taught by the same teacher are counted as one school. t These are the Principals of the Kowhai, Napier, and Wanganui Intermediate Schools, and Waihi and West Christchurch District High Schools (to which intermediate departments are attached).

E.—l.

The following table indicates the number of women teachers for each 100 men teachers : —

Table H2. —Ratio of Men to Women Teachers in Primary Schools and Forms I and II of Intermediate Schools and Departments.

Table H3. —Number of Adult Full-time Teachers employed in Departmental Schools December, 1932, and December, 1933.

In addition to the above the following numbers of teachers were also employed: —

1922. 1927. I 1928. ' 1929. ] 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. Adult teachers— All schools .. .. 197 187 183 184 171 172 165 155 Schools with roll 1-20 . . 299 202 185 162 157 156 120 103 Schools with roll over 20 . . 182 185 182 188 181 175 174 167 Pupil-teachers .•. .. . . 223 *** ** * * Probationers .. . . . . 349 236 303 265 224 177 f t Training-college students .. 256 213 227 242 282 226 201 163 * The position of pupil-teaeher has now been abolished. t There were no probationers in 1932 and 1933.

December, 1932. December, 1933. Principals Principals and Sole Assistant Total Adult and Sole Assistant Total Adult Type of School. and Head Teachers. Teachers. an a Head Teachers. Teachers. Teachers. Teachers. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. j F. M. F. M. | F. Public (primary) .. .. 1,561 891 7953,0452,3563,9361,594 844 769 2,86512,363 3,709 Intermediate* .. .. 1 54 36 55 36 .3 .. 66 59' 69 ' 59 Secondary departments of fl .. 118 96 119 96 J2 . . 121 92 123 92 district high schools and Form III of intermediate schools Secondary .. .. 26 12 310 253 336 265 26 12 310 249 336 261 Combined .. .. 4 3 56 35 60 38 4 3 55 34 59 37 Technical .. .. 21 219 145 240 145 21 .. 225 141 246 141 Native (primary) . . . . 93 42 9 74 102 116 102 35 8 78 110 113 Chatham Islands .. .. 4 1 2 4 3 4.. .. 3 4 3 Correspondence — Primary . . . . 1 4 17 5 17 1 5 17 6 17 Post-primary .. 5 6 5 6.. .. 4 7 4 7 Special .. . . .. 2 2 8 12 10 14 2 2 7 11 9 13 Totals .. .. 1,714 951 1,5783,7213,2924,6721,759 8961,5703,556|3, 3294,452 * Where the intermediate department is attached to a secondary, technical, or district high school only the teachers of Forms I and II are included here. f This is the head teacher of the Waihi District High School, to which is attached an intermediate department. J These are the head teachers of the Waihi and West Christchurch District High Schools to which are attached intermediate departments. •

1932. 1933. M. j P. M. F. Manual instructors .. .. .. 88 67 90 67 Student teachers in technical schools 6 2 8 4 Junior assistant teachers in Native schools .. 6 103 5 104

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9 . NUMBER OF PUPILS AND ADULT TEACHERS IN THE PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND FORMS I AND II OF INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS AND DEPARTMENTS IN THE DIFFERENT EDUCATION DISTRICTS. The following table gives the number of children attending public primary schools and Forms I and II of intermediate schools and departments in the different education districts and the number of adult teachers in these schools at the end of 1933. The figures are exclusive of the secondary departments of district high schools.

Table J.

io. SIZE OF CLASSES. The following table shows the average number of children per adult teacher in public primary schools and intermediate schools and departments.

Table K1. —Average Number of Children per Adult Class-teacher in Public Primary Schools and Intermediate Schools and Departments.

N.B. —The average attendance shown for each grade of school in the above table does not correspond with that shown in Table C 1, owing to the fact that in Table C 1 part-time and side schools are taken separately, thus altering the grades of various schools for the purpose of that table.

Education District. Enrolment. lte°p'irtments Adult Teachers. -f ~T~ Auckland .. ,. 62,700 763 1,892 Taranaki .. .. .. 11,212 176 370 Wanganui .. .. .. 15,277 214 487 Hawke's Bay . . . . . . 14,870 195 458 Wellington .. .. .. 26,360 244 769 Nelson .. .. .. 6,328 136 238 Canterbury .. .. .. 33,858 ; 379 1,005 Otago .. .. .. .. 18,957 243 616 Southland .. .. .. 11,079 181 367 Totals .. .. 200,641 2,531 6,202

Averate Average Number of Child. Number of Adult Teachers. Attendance ren per Adult Class- " for Ypflr teacher. Grade of School. lo f }™ r . , —: ■ — ended 31st —; p AH I Head niass August, 1933 Teachers. ! Te^her S j (Primary 1932. 1933. I excluded. ! only). 0 (1-8) .. .. 192 .. 192 1,238 6 6 1 (9-20) .. .. 731 .. 731 10,604 15 15 II (21-35) .. .. 510 .. 510 12,399 25 24 IIIa (36-50) • .. .. 571 .. 571 12,055 22 21 IIIb (51-80) .. .. 543 .. 543 15,388 30 28 IIIc (81-120) .. .. 374 .. 374 11,427 31 31 IV (121-240) .. .. 629 .. 629 21,526 35 34 V (241-360) .. .. 599 .. 599 22,804 39 38 VI (361-480) .. .. 637 6.3 574 25,115 44 44 VII (481 and over) .. 1,286 91 1,195 50,592 43 42 Intermediate schools and depart- 130 5 125 3,577 29* 29* ments (Forms I and II only) All schools .. 6,202 159 6,043 186,725 32 31 * These figures are low on account of the inclusion of 25 and 27 manual and art instructors respectively most of whom devote part of their time to secondary departments.

E.—l.

Table K2.—Size of Classes in Schools of Grade IV and over.

Note. In February, 1934, classes in intermediate schools and departments were not included, but previously classes in'those schools or departments under Education Boards were included. Classes in the secondary departments of district high schools are not included.

Table K3.— Change in Average Number of Pupils per Adult Teacher in Public Primary Schools and Forms I and II of Intermediate Schools and Departments.

ii. CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHERS. The following tables give the status in regard to certificates of teachers in primary schools, intermediate schools and departments, secondary departments of district high schools and Native schools, and the classification of teachers in secondary, technical, and combined schools : —

Table L1.-Status in regard to Certificates of Teachers in Primary Schools and Forms I and II of Intermediate Schools and Departments as in December.

February, 1928. February, ] 933. j February, 1934. 4 , * . — * —■——. Number of Children. N C^:,° f ' N cSX° f PerCent - Cll e es 0f PCTCfint - __ Under 31 .. .. 204 7 ! 387 12-8 j 729 23*4 31_40 . 768 26 ! 911 30-0 978 j 31 "5 41_50 .. 1,026 34 1,106 36-5 1,017 j 32-7 51_60 .. •• 905 30 575 19-0 376 j 121 61 and over . . .. 100 3 j 52 1-7 j 10 j 0'3 Total .. .. 3,003 100 j 3,031 j lOO'O 3,110 j 100

Average Attendance Number of i Number of Pupils per Year. f, j_ e^ r end ! ng Adult Teachers. Adult Teacher. 31st August, 1926 •• 192,588 6,183 31-1 1927 .. .. 192,284 6,230 30-8 1928 . • • 195,411 6,341 30-8 1929 . . 195,359 6,438 30-3 193 0* .. 196,115 6,479 30-3 1931* .. i 197,528 6,276 31-5 1932* ' . ] 96,958 6,384 30-9 1933* .. .. .. •• 186,725 6,202 30-1 I I * Prior to 1930 only pupils and adult teachers in those junior high schools under the control of the Auckland Education Board were included.

1931. 1932. 1933. Numbel '' I ce!tage. Number ' j centlge. Number ' j centage. I. Certificated teachers .. .. 5,674 90 6,316 99 6,153 99-2 II. Uncertificated teachers — (1) Holding licenses.. .. 4 .. 1 .. 1 (2) Unlicensed .. • • 125 2 67 1 48 0-8 (3) Probationary assistants . . 473 8 * . . * Total uncertificated .. 602 10 68 1 49 0-8 Totals of I and II .. .. 6,276 100 6,384 100 6,202 100 * Probationary assistants were not allotted to schools in 1932 or in 1933. Their positions were filled by relieving assistants under a rationing scheme.

Eγ—l.

In the two years 1932 and 1933, the high percentage of certificated teachers in public schools can be attributed to the fact that no probationary assistants were attached to these schools in the years mentioned, the positions usually held by them being made available for the placing of teachers under the rationing scheme. All of these teachers have completed their full course of training and nearly all of them are certificated. At no time in the history of our schools have children had the benefit of such well-qualified teachers throughout the whole of the Dominion.

Table L2.—Certificates held by Teachers in Primary Schools and Forms I and II of Intermediate Schools and Departments as in December.

Table L3. —Certificates held by Teachers in the Secondary Departments of District High Schools and Form III of Separate Intermediate Schools.

The slight difference between the totals here and in Table H 3 is due to the fact that some teachers in these schools are classified as secondary- or technicalschool teachers and are not the holders of teachers' certificates.

Table L4. —Certificates held by Teachers in Native Primary Schools. (Junior Assistant Teachers are excluded.)

3 —E. 1.

1932. 1933. Class of Certificate. : M. F. Total. M. F. Total. A ...... 40 7 47 47 8 55 B .. .. .. 774 462 1,236 813 463 1,276 C .. .. .. 1,339 2,687 4,026 1,318 2,561 3,879 D .. .. .. 234 742 976 230 690 920 E ...... 7 24 31 5 18 23 Total .. .. 2,394 3,922 6,316 2,413 3,740 6,153

1932. 1933. Class of Certificate. j , — M. j F - Total - M - ' F - Total - ■I ! I A .. .. .. 16 9 ; 25 14 9 23 B .. .. .. 89 75 164 94 73 167 C .. .. .. 11 9 ! 20 12 8 20 D 11 .. 1 1 E .. .. .. .. .. | Total .. .. 116 94 210 120 91 211 I I

X932. 1933. Class of Certificate. : — M. F. Total. M. F. Total. ■ : j ri ' : . , J . : ■ B .. .. .. 11 6 17 17 4 21 C .. .. .. 42 40 82 I 51 46 97 D .. .. .. 23 24 47 22 25 47 E .. .. .... 1 1 .. 1 1 Total certificated teachers .. 76 71 147 90 76 166 Uncertificated teachers .. 26 45 71 19 38 57 Grand total .. 102 116 218 109 114 | 223 - I -

E.—l.

Table L 5. —Grading of Full-time Assistant Teachers in Secondary and Combined Schools as in December and prior to the Issue of the Annual Grading List.

N.B.—Full-time assistant teachers in combined schools are placed on the Grading List of Secondaryschool Teachers and also on the Classification List of Technical-school Teachers. Hence the sum of the totals in Tables L 5 and L 6 exceeds the total number of full-time assistants engaged in secondary, technical, and combined schools.

Table L6. —Classification of Full-time Assistant Teachers in Technical High and Day Schools and in Combined Schools as in December, 1933, and prior to the Issue of the Annual Classification List.

Note. —(1) To be classified in Division Ī a teacher must be the holder of a University degree or equivalent qualification. (2) Full-time assistant teachers in combined schools are placed on the Grading List of Secondaryschool Teachers and also on the Classification List of Technical-school Teachers. Hence the sum of the totals in Tables L 5 and L 6 exceeds the total number of full-time assistants engaged in secondary, technical, and combined schools.

Table L7. —Classification of Full-time Teachers of Manual-training Classes as in December, 1933, and prior to the Issue of the Annual Classification List.

Note. —(1) To be classified in Division I a teacher must be the holder of a University degree or equivalent qualification. (2) In 1933 four of the men and five of the women were attached to certain intermediate schools or departments under the control of the Auckland Education Board. These are included also among the staffs of those intermediate schools or departments.

1932. 1933. Grade of Teacher. —; — M. P. Total. M. P. Total. A .. .. .. 93 61 154 88 57 145 B .. .. .. 83 62 145 89 54 143 C .. .. ..129 87 216 101 79 180 D .. .. .. 53 75 128 32 59 91 Total .. .. 358 285 643 310 249 559

Class VII. j VI. I V. ! IV. III. II. Totals. I M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Division I .. .. 0 12 I 23 7 39 11 60 19 38 23 26 22 21 17 207 111 Division II .. .. 0 3 3 17 19 22 27 6 13 9 10 6 1 1 73 64 Totals .. 0 15 j 26 24 58 33 87 25 51 32 36 28 22 18 280 175 Grand totals Tô I 50 91 112 83 64 40 455

Clase VII. VI. I V. j IV. III. | II. Totals. M. P. M. P. M. P. M. P. M. P. M. P. M. P. M. P. Division I .. .. 1 0 9 2 5 4 1 5 1 10 0 16 17 37 Division IT .. .. 8 4 22 10 14 6 15 7 9 3 5 0 73 30 Totals .. .. 9 4 31 12 19 10 16 12 10 13 5 16 90 67 V ' V ' V V ' V Y j K V v V ' K Y ' "■ Y ' Grand totals .. .. 13 43 29 28 23 21 157

k—i.

X2. SALARIES OF TEACHERS. The average salaries (including house allowances, value of residences, and all other allowances) of adult teachers in primary schools in 1914 and for the last five years are shown in the following table : — Under the provisions of the Finance Act, 1931, the salaries of all teachers, in common with those of all public servants, were reduced by 10 per cent, as from the Ist April, 1931. Salaries were further reduced under the provisions of the National Expenditure Adjustment Act, 1932, as from the Ist April, 1932. The reductions made were 5 per cent, on salaries not exceeding £225 per annum, 10 per cent, between that figure and not exceeding £720, and 12| per cent, on those exceeding that figure. The reductions noted in average salaries therefore in the years 1931 and 1932 are as a result of the operation of the afore-mentioned provisions. Table M I.—Average Salaries op Primary-school Teachers (exclusive op Teachers in Intermediate Schools and Departments and Secondary Departments of District High Schools) as in December. 1914. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. (1) Teachers in all schools— ££££££ (a) Men and women .. .. 163 281 281 255 228 231 k) Men . ■ 224 356 351 320 283 283 (c) Women .. 128 240 242 218 195 198 (2) Teachers in schools with average attendance over eight — (a) Men and Women 287 288 261 232 235 6 Men • • 359 354 323 286 286 (c) Women' 246 249 224 200 202 (3) Teachers in schools with average attendance over twenty — (a) Men and women 290 291 265 236 239 k) Men • ■ 376 370 338 301 302 (c) Women' 245 248 223 199 201 (4) Head teachers — (o) Men 443 441 400 357 356 (b) Women .. • • .. 368 381 345 309 313 (5) All sole teachers — (a) Men • • • • 279 282 251 222 224 (6) Women" 242 243 220 199 197 (6) Assistants —• i a ) Men • • • ■ 313 304 283 249 250 (6) Women' 232 233 210 188 191

E.— 1.

Table M2.-Average Salaries (inclusive of all Allowances and Value of Residence for Principals where provided) of Full-time Teachers in Intermediate and Post-primary Schools and of Manual Instructors as at 1st December.

1930. 1933. Principals. Assistants. AH Teachers. Principals Ao . , . i principals. Assistants. A1I Tea chers. Men. ! Women. Both Men . j Women . J Both M,„ W. ,, Both Me, ; Wo m e,! Both Me, woj « \ ' I j j i oexes. v g exes< Ir tdn) iate SCh ° 0lS and dePaTtm0nte!(F0rmS 1 " " 3 " 4 2 * 2 1 345 : 3 " 4 *92 345 435 Jg 3 02 233 270 3H 2 f 3 2 f 7 352 302 330 352 302 330 - i •• - I 297 243 274 297 243 274 Secondary schools 829 576 743 402 290 | 350 436 304 376 657 471 598 j 343 245 300 368 256 319 Combined ........ 1 „,, I I I I ! " 644 ! 451 561 348 : 248 310 368 264 328 Technical high and day schools* .. .. | 727 j .. .. ! 407 1 260 350 438 260 373 596 j .. 1 596 340 1 222 | 294 361 222 311 * At 1st July, 1930.

Manual Instructors.—Average Rate of Salary of Manual Instructors as on 1st December.

j - - _ - 1930.* 1933. ' j I j ~ £ £ M. en 361 303 Women 229 205 Men and women .. .. .. . _ 304 2 61 * As at 1st July.

E.— l.

Table M 3. —Average Salaries (including House Allowances, Value of Residences, and all other Allowances) or Adult Teachers in Native Schools as at 31st December. 1932. 1933. 1. Teachers in all schools — £ f (a) Men and women ~ .. .. .. .. 234 221 (b) Men .. .. .. .. .. .. 270 249 (c) Women .. .. .. .. .. .. 202 191 2. Head teachers— (a) Men .. .. .. .. .. .. 291 226 (b) Women . . . . . . .. . . .. 282 259 3. Sole teachers — (a) Men .. . . . . .. . . .. 208 190 (6) Women . . . . .. . . . . .. 216 195 4. Assistants — (a) Men . . .. .. . . .. .. 143* 141* (6) Women . . .. .. .. .. .. 166 171 *No male assistant is employed in a Native school unless he is the husband of the headmistress. Consequently he does not receive lodging-allowance. 13. PUPILS LEAVING PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS. In 1933 21,935 pupils (11,337 boys and 10,598 girls) left primary public schools. Of these, 17,434 (79 per cent.) had passed Form 11. In the last five years the numbers leaving have been as follow :—

14. PUPILS COMMENCING POST - PRIMARY COURSE IN STATE SCHOOLS. In 1933 12,214 pupils (6,630 boys and 5,584 girls) commenced post-primary education in State post-primary schools. In the last five years the numbers commencing post-primary education in these schools have been as follow : —■

No return is made giving the number of pupils commencing a post-primary course who in the previous year gained a proficiency certificate as a pupil in a public school. It will be observed, however, that the great majority of pupils who enter post-primary schools do so from public schools. To arrive at some approximate estimate as to the extent to which the gaining of a proficiency certificate influences the question as to whether a post-primary course is to be followed or not, the following figures have been grouped as a basis for comparison. It will be observed that the number of pupils who commence a post-primary course expressed as a percentage of the pupils who pass for a proficiency certificate in a previous year is variable, the factors contributing to this variation no doubt being the availability of suitable avenues of employment for boys, especially on completion of their primary-school course.

Y ear I Total Number Number who Percentage who leaving. passed Form II. passed Form II. 1929 .. .. .. .. 23,022 17,852 78 1930 .. .. .. .. 21,715 17,264 80 1931 .. .. .. .. 20,268 15,709 78 1932 .. .. .. .. 21,466 16,930 79 1933 . „ 21,935 17,434 79

Total Number Number of these Percentage coming Year. commencing coming from Public from Public Post-primary Course. Primary Schools. Primary Schools. I 1929 12,697 12,223 96 1930 .. .. .. 13,012 12,506 96 1931 .. .. .. .. 12,585 12,055 96 1932 11,579 11,019 95 1933 _ .. „ 12,214 11,637 95

Year of commencing post-primary course .. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. Number of proficiency passes in previous 18,662 17,465 17,372 14,128 16,549 year in public primary schools and intermediate schools and departments Number of pupils who commenced a post- 12,223 12,506 12,055 11,019 11,637 primary course in State schools and who came from public primary schools or intermediate schools and departments Percentage .. . . .. .. 65 72 69 78 70

E.—l.

The ages at which pupils commenced their post-primary course are given in the following table : —

Table N. —Ages at which Pupils commence Post-primary Course.

In 1932 23 per cent, and in 1933 27 per cent, of those commencing a postprimary course did so under the age of thirteen years. 15. DESTINATION OF PUPILS LEAVING SCHOOL. A summary of the destination returns obtained from the schools, through the various Boards, is given in the following tables:- —

Table O1. —Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Public Primary Schools during or at End of Year 1933.

Age at which Post-primary Course commenced. Total Numbers commencing U £ der 12 12 Years. 13 Years. 14 Years. 15 Years 7 Years. and over. Boys. Girls. Boys. , Girls. Boys. J Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. J Girls. Boys, j Girls. Secondary .. 52 54 593 683 1,055 1,047 595 434 226 1112,521 2,329 Combined .. 6 16 80 91 149 142 110 55 52 9 397 313 Technical .. .. 24 16 452 443 931 785 753 468 268 1332,428 1,845 District high .. 36 44 349 320 475 397 264 204 83 471.207 1.012 Intermediate .. 2 2 j 14 22 38 43 14 13 9 5 77 85 J ■ Totals—1933 .. 120 132 1,488 1,559 2,648 2,414 1,736 1,174 638 3056,630 5,584 1932 .. 171 153 1,171 1,206 2,536 2,389 1,762 1,299 583 3096,223 5,356 Difierence .. -51 -21 +317 +353 +112 +25 ! -26 -125 +55 -4 +407 +228 ! i !

Totals. Had passed Had not passed j Form II. Form II. Destination. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Number. Number. Post-primary .. .. .. 5,935 5,498 212 175 6,147 54 5,673 54 Commercial occupations — (a) Clerical (including typing) .. 22 14 1 5 23 * 19 * (b) Shop and warehouse assistants 208 112 93 64 301 3 176 2 Trades — (a) Engineering .. .. 40 .. 18 .. 58 1 (,b) Building .. 33 1 19 1 52 * 2 * (c) Other .. .. .. 97 24 69 27 166 2 51 1 Agricultural and pastoral .. 1,502 141 1,176 86 2,678 24 227 2 Other occupations .. .. 287 219 306 242 593 5 461 4 Home .. .. .. 684 2,455 489 1,392 1,173 10 3,847 36 Not known .. .. .. 78 84 68 58 146 1 142 1 Totals, 1933 .. .. 8,886 8,548 2,451 2,050 11,337 100 10,598 100 Totals, 1932 .. .. 8,775 8,155 2,422 2,114 11,197 .. 10,269 Difference .. .. +111 +393 +29 -64 +140 .. +329 * Insignificant percentage.

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Table O2. —Percentages of Pupils leaving Primary Schools in 1930-33 who proceeded to the various destinations and occupations.

Table O3. —Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Intermediate Schools and Departments during or at end of 1933.

Table O4.—Percentages of Pupils leaving Intermediate Schools and Departments in 1930-33 who proceeded to various Destinations and Occupations.

23 E.—1. Table 0 2. —Percentages of Pupils leaving Pbimary Schools in 1930-33 who proceeded to the various Destinations and Occupations. Boys. Girls. Destination. j ; j 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1930. 1931. j 1932. 1933. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Post-primary .. 53 53 53 54 53 51 51 54 Commercial occupations—■ (a) Clerical (including typing) (b) Shop and warehouse 2 2 3 3 ill 1 2 assistants Trades—• (a) Engineering . . 1 1 1 1 (b) Building ..1 1 * * .. .. .. * (c) Other .... 2 1 1 2 * * 1 1 Agricultural and pastoral 22 24 24 24 2 2 2 2 Other occupations ..6 5 6 5 4 4 4 4 Home .. 9 10 10 10 36 39 39 36 Not known .. ..3 3 2 1 3 3 2 1 Totals .. .. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 * Insignificant percentage. Table 0 3. —Probable Destination op Pupils leaving Intermediate Schools and Departments during or at End op 1933. Boys. Girls. Occupation. First Second Third rr. * , t> ± First Second Third m , , -r, , Year. Year. Year. Total ! Percentage. Year . Year . Y ear. Tota1 ' Rentage. I 1 I I Continued full-time 58 664 j 37 759 70 50 508 - 53 611 65 education Commercial (clerical, 4 29 19 52 5 .. 11 13 24 3 typing, shop, and warehouse) Trades .. .. 4 21 18 43 4 2 11 6 19 2 Agricultural and pas- 16 55 10 81 7 toral Home .. .. 6 55 21 82 8 31 165 45 241 25 Miscellaneous .. 3 29 24 56 5 4 12 7 23 2 Not known .. 3 12 15 1 6 18 24 3 Totals, 1933 .. 94 865 129 1,088 100 93 725 124 942 100 J ___ 1 Totals, 1932 .. 81 605 j 131 817 .. 68 473 121 662 Difference . . +13 -(-260 —2 -(-271 . . j -j—25 ! —(—252 -(-3 -(-280 . . I Table 0 4. —Percentages op Pupils leaving Intermediate Schools and Departments in 1930-33 who proceeded to various Destinations and Occupations. Boys. Girls. Occupation. ; i , 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Continued full-time education . . 67 64 68 70 60 61 60 65 Commercial (clerical, typing, shop, 76556333 and warehouse) Trades .. .. •• 4 5 7 4 .. 2 2 2 Agricultural and pastoral .. 8 8 8 7 * .. 1 Home .. ■ • • • 5 10 7 8 26 30 30 25 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 6 6 4 5 4 3 3 2 Not known .. .. .. 3 1 1 1 4 1 I 3 Totals .. .. 100 100 100 100 j 100 : 100 100 100 I'll 1' 1 * Insignificant percentage.

23 E.—1. Table 0 2. —Percentages of Pupils leaving Pbimary Schools in 1930-33 who proceeded to the various Destinations and Occupations. Boys. Girls. Destination. j ; j 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1930. 1931. j 1932. 1933. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Post-primary .. 53 53 53 54 53 51 51 54 Commercial occupations—■ (a) Clerical (including typing) (b) Shop and warehouse 2 2 3 3 ill 1 2 assistants Trades—• (a) Engineering . . 1 1 1 1 (b) Building ..1 1 * * .. .. .. * (c) Other .... 2 1 1 2 * * 1 1 Agricultural and pastoral 22 24 24 24 2 2 2 2 Other occupations ..6 5 6 5 4 4 4 4 Home .. 9 10 10 10 36 39 39 36 Not known .. ..3 3 2 1 3 3 2 1 Totals .. .. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 * Insignificant percentage. Table 0 3.—Probable Destination op Pupils leaving Intermediate Schools and Departments during or at End op 1933. Boys. Girls. Occupation. First Second Third rr. * , t> ± First Second Third m , , -r, , Year. Year. Year. Total ! Percentage. Year . Year . Y ear. Tota1 ' Rentage. I 1 I I Continued full-time 58 664 j 37 759 70 50 508 - 53 611 65 education Commercial (clerical, 4 29 19 52 5 .. 11 13 24 3 typing, shop, and warehouse) Trades .. .. 4 21 18 43 4 2 11 6 19 2 Agricultural and pas- 16 55 10 81 7 toral Home .. .. 6 55 21 82 8 31 165 45 241 25 Miscellaneous .. 3 29 24 56 5 4 12 7 23 2 Not known .. 3 12 15 1 6 18 24 3 Totals, 1933 .. 94 865 129 1,088 100 93 725 124 942 100 J ___ 1 Totals, 1932 .. 81 605 j 131 817 .. 68 473 121 662 Difference . . +13 -(-260 —2 -(-271 . . j -j—25 ! —(—252 -(-3 -(-280 . . I Table 0 4. —Percentages op Pupils leaving Intermediate Schools and Departments in 1930-33 who proceeded to various Destinations and Occupations. Boys. Girls. Occupation. ; i , 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Continued full-time education . . 67 64 68 70 60 61 60 65 Commercial (clerical, typing, shop, 76556333 and warehouse) Trades .. .. •• 4 5 7 4 .. 2 2 2 Agricultural and pastoral .. 8 8 8 7 * .. 1 Home .. ■ • • • 5 10 7 8 26 30 30 25 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 6 6 4 5 4 3 3 2 Not known .. .. .. 3 1 1 1 4 1 I 3 Totals .. .. 100 100 100 100 j 100 : 100 100 100 I'll 1' 1 * Insignificant percentage.

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Table O5. —Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Post-primary Schools during or at the End of the Year 1933.

MM _ T "S^3," d T.«. Occupation. Boys. j Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num. | Per Sum- | Per Num- ! Per Nam- i Per Num- Per Hum- ! Per Nam- I Per ber. | Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. | Cent. ber. J Cent. ber. ! Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. i Cent. ber. ( Cent. University College .. 140 | 6 106 5 20 5 12 5 24 1 3 * 23 2 12 i 1 207 3 133 3 Teaching or training college 1 I * 5*.... 1* 4* 1*10* Clerical— Government or local body ..75 3 14 1 14 4 1 * 25 1 4 * 26 2 7 1 140 2 26 * Banks, insurance .. ..51 2.9 * 11 3 3 * 4 * 1 * 1 * 66 1 14 * Legal .. .. .. i 40 2 2* 3 1 1* 5* 1* 2* 4 ! * 50 1 8 * Commercial . . .. 356 15 230 11 27 7 23 8 179 8 216 13 41 4 31 3 603 10 500 10 Engineering, surveying, and 46 2 .. .. 19 5 .. .. 149 7 .. .. 14 1 | 228 4 architecture Various trades and industries .. : 319 14 86 4 57 16 7 3 602 26 197 12 166 15 26 3 1,144 19 316 6 Shop and warehouse . . 394 17 245 12 49 13 34 12 338 15 210 13 185 17 89 10 '966 16 578 12 Farming .. .. 426 18 3 * 88 24 1 * 423 19 20 1 418 39 6 ! 1 1,355 22 30 1 Home •• 82 3 894 42 26 7 134 48 48 2 693 43 68 6 599 ! 66 224 4 2,320 47 Other occupations .. .. 57 2 221 10 16 4 27 10 111 5 76 5 37 4 59 7 221 3 383 8 Not known .. 381 16 318 15 40 11 37 14 375 16 209 13 106 10 75 j 8 902 15 639 13 ■Totals, 1933 .. 2,368 100 2,133 100 370 100 278 100 2,282 100 1,637 100 1,087 100 909 100 6,107 100 4,957 100 Totals, 1932 .. 2,617 .. 2,342 .. 403 .. 377 .. 2,494 .. 1,769 .. 1,245 .. 1,037 .. 6,759 .. 5,525 Difference .. .. -249 .. -209 . . -33 . . -99 .. —212 i .. -132 .. -158 .. -128 .. -652 .. -568 * Insignificant percentage.

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Table O6.— Percentages of Boys leaving Post-primary Schools in 1930-33 who proceeded to the University or to Employment in the Three Main Occupational Groups.

An examination of the above tables shows that in the case of primary schools there has been no great change in the percentage of pupils proceeding to each, of the probable destinations and occupations. The greatest change has occurred in the percentage of girls proceeding to post-primary schools. An increase, though not so large as in the case of the girls, is also revealed in the number of boys proceeding to post-primary schools. A greater number of girls have commenced employment as shop or warehouse assistants this year as compared with last year, and this fact, together with the change referred to earlier, is the cause of the reduction in the percentage of girls remaining at home. In so far as the probable destination of pupils leaving post-primary schools is concerned, the most arresting features are the increases in the percentages of boys proceeding to employment in the occupational groups " Clerical, Professional, and Warehouse " and " Trades and Industries." These increases have been gained at the expense of " Farming " and in a very much smaller degree, " University.'' So, too, an equally large increase is apparent in the percentage of girls taking up positions of a clerical nature in commercial firms and in shops and warehouses. 16. VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND PLACEMENT, The depressed state of industry still continues to be a severe handicap to any real progress in the problem of finding for children leaving school suitable avenues of employment, consistent with their abilities and aptitudes. The task, at present, is not so much to solve the question as to what particular vocation a child should follow but rather the finding of employment regardless of its nature or whether it will be congenial. At the same time, for such of the positions as are available the schools are able to indicate to individual pupils whether or not they would be likely to succeed in them. In the table below it will be seen that there has been an increase in the percentage of children who have proceeded to further full-time education or to some definite occupation. This increase is recorded in nearly every type of school and read with the figures shown in the preceding group of tables reveals some definite improvement in the position obtaining for the past two years. Table P. Percentages of Pupils leaving Primary, Intermediate, and Post-primary Schools in 1930-33 who are knows to have proceeded to further full-time education op a Higher Grade or to some Definite Occupation (Home excluded).

4—E. 1.

University. shop? aid Cehome. TradeB and Industries - Class of School. ■ - 1930.1931.1932. |l933. 1930.1931.1932. 1933. 1930.1931. 1932. 1933. 1930.1981.jl982.1988. Secondary .. •• 1 9 I 8 6 35 28 32 41 25 ! 28 23 18 12 11 13 14 Combined .. 5 5 .. 35 33 33 .. 33 29 24 .. 14 10 16 Technical 1 11 ] 32 22 22 31 22 27 22 19 18 15 23 I 26 District high .. .. .. * 2 1 2 27 16 18 24 43 46 46 39 11 11 9)15 All schools .. .. 4 4 4 3 33 24 26 34 27 ! 31 27 22 14 13 16 | 19 * Insignificant percentage.

Boys. Girls. Class of School. • 1930. | 1931. ; 1932. j 1933. 1930. 1931. 1932. | 1933. - - - - r Primary .. ..88 87 88 89 61 58 1 59 63 Intermediate .. .. 92 89 92 91 70 69 69 72 Secondary .. • • 80 78 79 81 37 29 34 43 Combined 89 82 82 .. 22 j .32 38 Technical .. • • 74 67 73 82 34 28 36 44 Secondary departments of 83 76 80 84 27 21 21 26 district high schools All post-primary schools.. 79 74 77 81 35 27 32 40

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17. LENGTH OF POST - PRIMARY COURSE. The returns compiled in 1933 by teachers show also the duration of the postprimary course taken by pupils who have now left school. Summarized, the position is as follows :—

Table Q1.

No returns have been obtained from post-primary schools giving the actual length of school life of each individual pupil, but from the information summarized in the above table it is possible to give an approximation of the average length of the school life of those pupils who left school in 1933. For this purpose a pupil leaving in his first year is taken to have a school life of one year and so on till those leaving in a fourth year or later are taken as four years only. Some pupils stay for five or six years, but this fact is compensated for when it is considered that many pupils leaving in their first and second year cannot be said to have a school life of one and two years respectively. The following figures are given, therefore, with the reservation that they are not compiled from exact information, but they are nevertheless not far from being correct: — Average Length of School Life. Secondary schools .. .. .. .. ..211 Combined schools .. ..28 Technical high and day schools .. . . .. ..22 Secondary departments of district high schools .. ..24 All post-primary schools .. ..27 In the case of pupils who enter upon post-primary courses and leave during the same year, information has been obtained showing in months the duration of the school life of such pupils. The information received is tabulated in the table below. It will be noted that the totals, except in the case of comjbined schools, are slightly below those shown as leaving in the first year in Table Q 1 preceding. 'This difference is due to the fact that Table Q 2 concerns those pupils who commenced and finished their courses in the same year, while Table Q 1 includes in " leaving in first year " pupils who, though in the first year of their course when they left, actually commenced that course in a previous calendar year or at a private secondarv school. v

Secondary Combined District High „ , . Schools. Schools. Day Sci Schools AU Schools - Number. | Number. j j Number. j Number. Number. | Leaving in first year .. 586 13 97 15 1,220 31 619 31 2,522 23 Leaving in second year 1,035 23 185 29 1,347 35 533 27 3,100 28 Leaving in third year .. 967 21 195 30 758 19 370 | 18 2,290 21 Leaving in fourth and 1,913 43 171 26 594 15 474 24 3,152 28 later year Totals, 1933 .. 4,501 100 648 100 3,919 100 1,996 100 11,064 100 Totals, 1932 .. 4,959 .. 780 .. 4,263 .. j 2,282 .. 12,284 DiSerence .. —458 .. —132 .. —344 .. j —286 .. -1,220 __ !

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Table Q2. —Number of Children who commenced Post-primary Courses in 1933 and who definitely left in the same Year.

18. FREE PLACES IN POST - PRIMARY SCHOOLS. The following table gives the number of free-place holders in post-primary schools in 1932 and 1933 :—

Table R.—Free-place Holders as at 1st July.

On the Ist July, 1933, 30,866 children were in attendance at public schools providing secondary education, and of these 30,421 held free places and 445 were paying pupils. Ninety-eight per cent, of the children were thus receiving free secondary education. In 1932 397 out of the 31,331 children in attendance were paying pupils. The percentage of children receiving free education in 1933 was slightly less than that of the previous year. 19. SPECIAL CLASSES FOR BACKWARD CHILDREN. During the year one new class for backward children was opened in connection with a public school in the Auckland District. The classes in operation continued to provide satisfactory instruction for the pupils who, in the judgment of the specialist officers who enrol them, would benefit by the training provided. The majority of parents concerned realize the value of these classes, and the statutory authority recently obtained to enforce enrolment has not so far been utilized.

I During During During During During During During During During During During First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Type of School. Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Total. of of of of of of of of of of of Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. Secondary schools .. .. 7 3 6 3 3 1114 1010 710 4 19 8 13 2211 10 20 11164 192 277 281 ' V ' V v J K V ' K V ' V V ' K V J K "V J ' V ' Y J Y J K -V — J V ' Percentage .. ..2 2 2 4 3 2 5 6 4 6 64 100 Combined schools .. .. 1 11 21 44 22..4 15 14..1 42 10 24 23 49 48 Percentage .. .. ..2-1 .'il 5T5 2-1 5T5 ?2 4 1 54 ~12-4 100 Technical schools .. ..10 719 7 29 9 37 23 41 22 32 21 48 35 55 35 46 24 61 23 325 277 703 483 Percentage .. .. 1 2 3 5 5 5 7 8 6 7 51 100 Secondary departments of district 15 7 6 12 6 7 23 1314 1122 15 22 20 31 1325 9 30 22136 151 330 280 high schools ' y ' y ' t ' y ' '' y y J ' 1 ' y ' ' y '' ' y '' -y J y > Percentage .. .. ..43 2 6 4 6 7 7 6 8 47 100 Totals .. .. .. 33 18 32 24 39 31 78 48 67 4068 41 94 64103 70 83 47113 66 649 6431,359 1,092 Percentage .. ,.~2~2~3 5 TjX T T 5 7 ~53 ' 100

Technical Secondary r Secondary i Combined High and Departments Intermediate J e ~ AI1 PostSchools. I Schools. Day of District Schools. sponaence primary ! Schools. High Schools. School. Schools. Boys. Girls. 1 Boys. Girls. Boys. ! Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys Girls. Junior free places .. .. 4,2584,294 745 574 3;837 2,9681,9341,580 79 95 149 188 11,002 9,699 Senior free places .. .. 3,442 2,269 451 290 1,021 768 811 622 2 .. 15 29 5,742 3,978 Totals .. .. 7,7006,563 1,196 864 4,858 3,736 2,745 2,202 81 I 95 164 217 16,74413,677 Grand totals, 1933 .. 14,263 2,060 ~4?947 176 381 30^421 Grand totals, 1932 .. 14,509 2,141 8,688 4,993 216 387 30,934 Difference .. .. —246 —81 —94 —46 —40 —6 —513 I

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20. INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS AND DEPARTMENTS. In last year's report reference was made to the proposed new intermediate schools at Napier and Wanganui and to the intermediate department attached to West Christchurch District High School. During the year the establishment of two more schools in the South Island—one. at Christchurch and one at Dunedin — has been under consideration, and these will open in 1934. Pupils who sat for their proficiency examinations in November of this year were allowed credits for work of exceptional merit in mathematics, languages, and handwork to count towards a pass. Although this privilege was enjoyed by pupils from all types of schools, the greatest benefit from it was gained by pupils from intermediate schools and departments. 2i. POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION. There was no change in the number of secondary schools, combined schools, and technical schools at the end of 1933 as compared with the previous year. One additional district high school was, however, established at Norsewood and one private school was added to the list of registered private secondary schools. Registration was also approved in the case of a private technical school. One registered private secondary school was closed. The total number of schools providing post-primary education apart from the Department's Correspondence School was, therefore, 202, as compared with 200 at the end of 1932. Towards the end of the year arrangements were completed between the Education Department and the New Zealand University for the conduct of an examination for a School Certificate. The examination will be conducted jointly by these two authorities for the dual purpose of University Entrance and School Certificate. The total roll numbers of full-time day pupils attending post-primary schools at Ist July were as follow : — 1932. 1933. Secondary .. ... .... ..... .. 14,705 14,468 Combined .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,170 2,093 Technical .. .. .. '.. .. .. 8,786 8,706 Separate intermediate school (Form 111 only) .. . . 216 176 Secondary departments of district high schools .. . . 5,067 5.030 Endowed schools and registered private secondary schools .. 4,372 4,224 Totals .. .. .. .. 35,316 34,697 In addition, there were 393 pupils receiving secondary instruction by means of correspondence from the Department's Correspondence School. 22. EVENING TECHNICAL CLASSES AND PART - TIME DAY CLASSES. During 1933 evening technical and part-time day classes were conducted at thirty-seven centres, compared with thirty-nine centres in 1932. The two centres which did not conduct classes this year were very small when consideration is given to the number of students they catered for in comparison with other centres. As at Ist July these classes provided instruction for 9,078 students, as against 9,459 students in 1932. Of the 9,078 students, 5,601 were males and 3,477 were females, 3,118 of the males and 1,986 of the females held free places, a total of 5,104 compared with 5,134 in 1932. A further decrease, it will be observed, has been recorded in the number of students. attending the above classes when compared with the number attending in 1932. The decrease, however, is not so large as the one recorded in the previous year when, the numbers dropped by over a thousand. Until conditions in industry improve the numbers attending these classes will not increase, as the students are drawn largely from avenues of employment which ordinarily require apprentices.

El—ls

23. NATIVE SCHOOLS. At the end of 1933 the Department directly controlled and maintained 137 Native schools for the primary education of Maori children in districts where the Maori Eace predominates. The following table shows the number of schools, with the enrolment, as at the Ist July, 1932, and Ist July, 1933 :—

European children to the number of 932 attended Native schools in 1933, and are included in the above figures. If these be deducted, the total enrolment of Native children in all primary school at Ist July becomes 15,585 compared with 15,785 in 1932. The average attendance at Native schools was maintained at a creditably high percentage, 89-6 per cent, of the average weekly roll. Boarding schools for the secondary education of the Maoris have been established by religious denominations, and the Government provides a number of scholarships tenable at these schools which are inspected by the Department's officers. There were ten schools at the end of last year with an enrolment of 302 Maori pupils, of whom 99 held Government scholarships. The Maori child who has obtained a proficiency certificate is also entitled to the usual facilities for secondary education provided at a post-primary school. In addition, one Maori boy held a scholarship at Victoria University College, taking a course in arts, and four Maoris held Agricultural Scholarships, two being tenable at St. Stephen's College and two at Wesley College. 24. REGISTERED PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS. The following table summarizes the returns furnished by registered private primary schools with respect to the year 1933 : —

Table S.

The number of schools at the end of the previous year was 309, and the total enrolment 26,410. There has been no increase in the number of registered private primary schools when compared with the number at the end of 1932.

1932. 1933. Schools. Roll. Schools. Roll. Native village schools .. .. .. 135 7,604 137 7,374 Mission schools (primary) .. . . 11 546 11 527 Public schools with Native children enrolled 784 8,604 829 8,616 Totals 930 16,754 977 16,517

Undenomi- | Catholic Other national ! Church Church Total. Schools. ! Schools. Schools. Number of schools .. .. .. 32 220 57 309 Roll at December — Boys .. .. .. •• 315 10,967 1,293 12,575 Girls .. .. .. •• 599 11,780 1,474 13,853 Total .. .. .. .. 914 22,747 2,767 26,428 j_ Average attendance .. .. ■■ 779 20,299 2,448 23,526 Teachers (inclusive of head teachers) — Men .. .. 9 51 46 106 Women ... .. .. .. 61 693 114- 868 Total 70 '744 160 974 I ' ■ '

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25. ENDOWED SCHOOLS AND REGISTERED PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS. The following table summarizes the returns furnished by endowed schools and registered private secondary schools with respect to the years 1932 and 1933 :—

Table T.

26. CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL. First established in 1922, for the purpose of providing for the education of the children in remote localities, the Correspondence School has steadily developed until there are now nearly 1,700 pupils on the roll. This number includes some pupils resident in urban areas who are unable to attend school by reason of physical disability. The subjects of instruction include, in the primary department, all of the subjects of the syllabus prescribed for the public schools, with the exception of physical drill and singing ; and in the secondary department, English, history and civics, geography, Latin, French, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, agriculture and general science, home science, book-keeping, drawing, hygiene, and needlecraft, to University Entrance Examination or School Certificate standard. The Correspondence School is regularly inspected by the Department's primary and secondary Inspectors, whose reports show that the standard of education attained by the pupils compares favourably with that of public schools. Although the success of a school cannot wholly be gauged from examination results, the Correspondence School, judged from that standard alone, has fully justified its existence. Through its agency over three hundred pupils have qualified for junior free places in post-primary schools since the first candidates were presented for the Proficiency Certificate Examination ten years ago. In 1933, 53 gained Proficiency Certificates, 25 were awarded intermediate certificates, and 6 passed the University Entrance Examination. Much has been done to provide for the pupils of the Correspondence School the extra-class-room activities of ordinary school life. Three companies of girl guides and two troops of boy scouts have been organized, besides a number of clubs and societies, for those interested in philately, photography, meccano, native bird and plant life, and overseas pen-friendships. The school also possesses a carefully selected and graded circulating library of over two thousand books, and publishes an annual magazine, The Postman, which consists chiefly of contributions from the pupils in verse, prose, sketches, and photography.

1932. I 1933. 1 | Number of schools .. .. .. .. 54 55 Roll at 1st July .. .. .. .. 4,372 4,224 Average attendance .. .. .. .. 4,115 3,974 Teachers (inclusive of Principals)— Men .. .. .. .. .. 123 132 Women .. .. .. .. .. 154 161 Total .. .. .. 277 293

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27. KINDERGARTEN SCHOOLS. The number of schools, pupils on the roll, and average attendance at schools conducted in 1933 by recognized kindergarten associations were as follow :—

Table U.

28. CONSOLIDATION OF SCHOOLS. The consolidations that have been carried out this year have been small, being of the type in which one school is closed and the children are conveyed to a'neighbouring school. Means have thus been afforded for avoiding the necessity for replacement of old schools or in some cases the expensive maintenance of schools in which the attendance for some reason or another has dropped greatly. Those schools which have been constituted as the result of consolidation continue to do good work, and have fully justified the expectations that were formed of them, 29. CONVEYANCE OF CHILDREN. The arrangements for conveyance of children to public schools have been continued as in the past, but some additions have been made to the established services. In a few cases the extension of settlement in districts adjacent to a centre would have made the provision of a new school necessary, but the establishment of a service to convey the children to an existing school containing sufficient accommodation has enabled the capital cost of new buildings to be avoided? In other cases regular services have been made use of in place of the arrangements made by individual parents. By a careful review of all the services at regular intervals it has been possible through conveyance to provide good facilities for school attendance for large numbers of children living in areas more or less remote from main centres and at the same time to keep expenditure within reasonable limits.

Association. | Number of Schools. Pupils on Roll at Average Attendance, End of 1933. 1933. I Au ckland .. .. .. 8 481 1 394 Hastings ........ 1 55 51 Hutt Valley ...... 1 50 45 Wellington .. .. .. 7 357 298 Christchurch. .. .. .. 7 5X6 397 Dunedin .. .. .. .. 5 234 193 Invercargill ..... 3 166 134 Totals, 1933 .. .. 32 1,859 1,512 Totals, 1932 .. .. 32 1.804 1,400 Difference.. .. .. .. 4.55 I

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Table V. —Cost of Conveyance of Pupils to Schools and to Manual Classes by Rail, Motor-vehicle, etc.

30. MANUAL INSTRUCTION. During the year the usual instruction was given by class teachers in primary schools in the subjects elementary science and agriculture under the supervision of twenty-two itinerant agricultural instructors. The extent to which classes in other manual subjects were taken by pupils from the different types of schools may be summarized as follows : —

The expenditure for salaries and incidentals on these classes other than those conducted by Technical School Boards during the year amounted to approximately £53,880. Owing to the financial stringency no grants were made for the supply of handwork materials in 1933. 31. PHYSICAL EDUCATION. Satisfactory attention has been given to the subject of physical education in the schools, especially where facilities exist for field games and swimming. By means of teachers who have been specially trained in physical education at the training colleges, and also through the medium of refresher classes, much has been done to introduce the new system set forth in the prescribed text-book " The Growing Body," and to make teachers in the schools familiar with that system.

1932. 1933. Type of School. : Rail. Other. Total. Rail. Other. Total. ££££££ Public primary .. .. •• •• 1,773 63,648 65,421* 1,613 59,417 61,030* Private primary 1,955 .. 1,955 1,868 .. 1,868 Manual classes in connection with public 5,439 4,133 9,572 5,090 3,625 8,715 primary Manual classes in connection with private 57 .. 57 112 .. 112 primary Secondary departments of district high school 1,206 735 1,941 1,207 687 1,894 Secondary .. .. .. • • 4,306 280 4,586 4,572 90 4,662 Combined .. .. ■ ■ • • 684 .. 684 513 .. 513 Technical .. .. •• •• 5,940 .. 5,940 5,833 .. 5,833 Private secondary .. .. ■ • 983 .. 983 892 .. 892 Native .. 43 2,727 2,770 35 3,069 3,104 Totals .. .. •• 22,386 71,523 93,909 21,735 66,888 88,623 * This sum includes the expenditure on conveyance of children to consolidated schools and intermediate schools.

Number of Pupils from Forms I SecondarySubject. and II, Depart- „ . Intermediate ments of hi Primary. , Sohoolg District Private. All Schools. and High Schools. Woodwork .. .. ..I 16,793 2,125 1,785 1,716 22,419 Metalwork .. .. .. • • 74 890 .. .. 964 Cookery or laundry-work .. .. 16,053 1,923 1,442 2,125 21,543

E.—l.

32. SCHOOL MUSIC. An appreciable advance has been made in the subject of school music especially in the direction of the formation of school choirs and orchestras. Where it is possible for pupils to take advantage of suitable equipment the lessons broadcast in this subject cannot but fail to have a beneficial effect. Here again the best results usually manifest themselves in the schools where a specialist assistant has been provided and is responsible for the class-singing throughout the school. 33. TRAINING OF TEACHERS. The following tables summarize the position regarding the training of teachers at the end of 1932 and 1933 :—

Table W1. —Number of Teachers in Training.

In order that all those ex-students who were without employment might be placed in positions, the system of giving to each student a full year's training on completion of his training college course in the larger schools throughout the Dominion was departed from in 1933. There were no probationary assistants therefore in the schools during the year, but the students concerned shared with other ex-students a year's work under a rationing scheme.

Table W2. —Number of Students in the various Training Colleges.

Of the 439 students in attendance at training college in 1933, 51 were in their first year, 349 were in their second year, and 39 in their third year. In consequence of the decision to discontinue the training of teachers for the time being, all students in attendance at the two training colleges open in 1933— viz., Auckland and Christchurch —left college at the end of the year. Thus in 1933, 439 students left college in comparison with 585 in the previous year. The following was the examination status of those who left in 1933 : Pass class A, 4 ; pass class B, 115 ; pass class C, 288 ; incomplete passes for teachers' certificates, 16. Students leaving at the end of 1933.wh0 had completed a third-year course numbered 39, and of these the following numbers were eligible to receive an endorsement on their teachers' certificates of a special qualification to teach a subject: 8, physical education; 7 science and mathematics; 6, music and eurythmics ; 4, drawing and handwork ; 3, experimental pedagogy; 3, modern languages; 3, agriculture; 2, musical, deaf children; 1, backward children. 34. HIGHER (UNIVERSITY) EDUCATION. The number of students on the books of the four University colleges affiliated to, and the two agricultural colleges established in connection with, the University of New Zealand at the end of 1933 was 5,085, as against 5,171 at the end of 1932. The figures for each of the colleges were as under : — 1932. 1933. Auckland . . .. ... .. .. . . 1,349 1,307 Victoria .. .. ... .. .. .. 1,140 1,011 Canterbury .. ... .. .. .. 1,073 1,181 Otago .. . ..... ,;,,!.;■, .. ... .. 1,350 1,307 Massey .. .. .. .. .. .. 191 235 Lincoln .... , .. .. .. .. 68 44 5,171 5,085

5—E. 1.

Training-college Students. Number of Number of J , , Pro- Total , ,°" I °' a ' bationary Trainees, a loners. Dmacm Division B. Division C. Division D. Assistants. ; I I i „ 1932 .. .. .. 929 4 52 985 526 1,511 1933 .. .. .. 392 .. 47 1 439 | 439

1932. 1933. College. ——— —t — - i — Men. Women. Total. Men. Women. Total. Auckland .. .. .. 133 200 333 91 123 214 Wellington .. .. .. 56 176 232 Christchurch .. .. .. 70 152 222 76 149 225 Dunedin .. .. .. 68 .130 198 Totals .. .. 327 658 985 272 439

E.—l.

The total number of students described as taking definite courses at the four affiliated colleges was 4,526. These were distributed as follow :— Agriculture . . . . • • 28 Journalism .. .. .. .. 41 Architecture . . .. .. 47 Law .. .. .. .. 393 Arts .. .. • • ... 1,922 Massage .. .. .. .. 15 Commerce.. .. .. •• 742 Medicine .. .. .. ..370 Dentistry .. .. .. .. 124 Mining .. .. .. .. 35 Engineering . . .. . . 172 Music .. .. .. .. 37 Forestry .. .. .. .. 10 Public administration .. .. 19 Home-science .. .. .. 93 Science .. .. .. 478 The following are some particulars relating to University education in the four affiliated colleges : —

Table Y.

35. ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS. The usual examinations were conducted in 1933, and comprised mainly the following : — (1) An August series for teachers' certificates and handicraft teachers' certificate. (2) A November series including the Training College Extrance and Intermediate Examinations. Examinations were held at thirty-eight public centres in 1933. Candidates from public post-primary schools were examined for the Intermediate Examination in their own schools. The number of candidates actually presenting themselves for the various examinations during the last three years is shown in Table Z 1 following : —

Table Z1. —Number of Candidates for Various Examinations.

1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. Number of students in actual attendance at 4,163 4,209 4,149 3,960 lectures Number of exempted students .. .. 638 660 763 846 Percentage of students — Men .. .. .. • • • • 70 71 72 73 Women .. .. .. • • 30 29 28 27 Percentage of students actually attending Universities receiving free education* —■ Men .. .. . • • ■ ■ • 40 41 40 26 Women .. .. .. • ■ 66 59 56 40 All students .. .. .. .. 48 46 45 30 Occupations of students expressed as percent- m. p. m. f. m. f. m. f. (1) Full-time students .. .. 33 46 37 47 43 53 46 63 (2) Teachers and training colleges .. 19 43 19 41 16 35 13 23 (3) Government and local bodies 16 2 14 2 13 1 13 2 (4) Other .. .. .. 31 6 28 6 26 6 26 8 (5) Not known .. .. .. 1 3 2 4 2 5 2 4 * These students hold scholarships, bursaries, or training-college studentships.

Examination. 1931. 1932. 1933. Public Service Entrance .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,407 Intermediate .. .. •• •• •• •• 1,165 8,422 1,308 Teachers' Class D .. .. • ■ • • • • . • 249 32 13 Teachers' Class C 285 262 122 Training College Entrance .. .. .. .. .. 961 483 314 Kindergarten Certificate .. . . .... .. .. 4 London University Examinations .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 2 Handicraft Teachers' Certificate .. .. .. .. .. 32 28 27 Technological Examinations .. .. . . .. .. 143 129 83 Naval Cadetships .. .. • • • • • • • • • • 2 1 Aircraft Apprenticeship .. .. .. .. .. 11 7 4 Examinations held on behalf of City and Guilds of London Institute .. 203 125 151 Totals 4,463 9,492 2,025

E.—l.

The large drop in the number of candidates can be attributed to the fact that the system of accrediting was re-introduced this year so far as the award of intermediate certificates was concerned. It will be noticed too that the lack of openings in the teaching profession has caused a progressive decrease in the number of candidates for examination for training college entrance and teachers' certificates. This is likely to continue until such time as the demands of the schools in regard to staff cannot be met from teachers who have already completed their examinations and training.

Table Z2.—Standard and Results of Examinations.

The examination branch of the Department assists in the arrangements necessary for carrying out the Wiremen's Registration Examinations conducted by the Electrical Wiremen's Registration Board. In addition to those certificates issued as a result of the examinations given in Table Z 2, certificates were also issued in the following cases to candidates who were recommended by Principals of post-primary schools and approved by the Department's Inspectors :—

Table Z3. —Number of Certificates issued by accrediting.

6—E. 1.

1932. 1933. Stage in Course J g $ J S j§'S f J J g g ! j§ g J of whiph 2<'2 I >55 i-i • .?• . ,, S 73 TJ-g g T3 0 T3+-> Examination is normally £ g £ •£ £ 3 £ <e £ *-3 tj £ Examination. taken. S ££ 3 9 ®m I BV, ™ 9£ S (In some cases it is not og o d o| ! o £ S og 6 d easy to indicate -g $ o -gag . -g a S 8 S SjS -g g. -g.-S exact stage.) n a _ t. «> n.a a ng; nS« n« <£> M* Sg , ®£D ops 0> CD P< . CD-, a> -So > a -2 o -s £ o -2 o £ a -S o -g o S'g's.s S'gs a§-S a§ a-g-S a-? 2 ft 3 £ pJ £ w 43 3P=P< 3 £ 02 Proficiency* .. .. At end of Form II .. 25,275 119,559 I 3,395f 2,321 25,062 19,319 3,417f 2,326 Intermediate .. .. At end of Form IV .. ; 8,422 6,208 i .. 2,214 1,308 505 .. 803 Certificate for Class D . . At end of Form V 32 7 5 20 13 13 Training College Entrance At end of Form VI .. 483 249 | 134 100 314 143 100 71 Certificate for Class C and At end of training- 1 262 103J 94 65 122 19 78§ 25 Class B college course Handicraft Teachers' Cer- Taken by teachers .. 28 2 13 13 27 4 17 6 tificate Technological Examinations — Preliminary .. At end of Form IV or 37 29 .. 8 [ 8 6 .. 2 equivalent Intermediate .. Evening classes, third- 58 31 .. 27 43 26 .. 17 year apprentices j Final .. .. Evening classes, fourth- 30 14 .. 16 31 17 .. 14 year apprentices Special Examination in .. 4 1 3 1.. . . 1 Building Construction Naval Cadetship .. Form III .. .. I 1 1 .. • • I 1 Naval Cadetship (Special Form VI .. 1 .. .. I j entry) Aircraft Apprentices .. Form V.. 7 7 .. j 4| 2 .. 2 London University .. Post-secondary .. j 2 2 .. .. 2 2 Examinations held on be- As for technological 125 69 .. 56 151 81 .. 70 half of City and Guilds examinations of London Institute ! * This examination is held by the Department's Inspectors in the various education districts, but the results are given for the purposes of comparison. A more detailed analysis will be found in Table A 7 of E.-2. t Competency pass. j: Includes 4 passed for Class B. § Includes 3 passed for Class B.

(These are in addition, to those awarded as a result of examination.) Number of Certificates issued. Certificate. Stage of Course at which Certificate is issued. 1932. 1933. Intermediate .. At end of Form IY —i.e., &t the end of at least the second Nil. 5,619 year of approved post-primary course Lower leaving . . At end of Form. V —i.e., at the end of at least the third year 80 87 of approved post-primary course Higher leaving . . At the end of Form VI —i.e., at the end of at least the fourth 1,294 1,101 year of approved post-primary course Note. —In 1932 no intermediate certificates were awarded, as all candidates were required to sit for the Intermediate Examination.

E.—l.

In regard to examinations conducted by the University of New Zealand the following shows the position in 1932 and 1933 : —

Table Z4. —University Examinations.

36. CHILD WELFARE. The total number of children under the supervision of the Child Welfare Branch as at 31st March, 1934, was 7,259, classed under the following headings : — State wards — In foster homes, hostels, and with friends . . . . 2, 708 In situations (includes 21 absent without leave) . . 858 In Government institutions, receiving-homes, &c. . . 251 In private institutions . . . . . . . . 194 Inmates in special schools for backward children . . 239 In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. . . . . 20 At School for Deaf, Sumner .. . . . . 7 4, 277 Young persons supervised in their own homes by Child Welfare Officers, by order of Court . . . . 850 Infants supervised in foster homes, registered under the Infants Act . . . . . . . . 923 Pupils at School for Deaf, Sumner (other than State wards (7) included in figures above) . . . . . . 109 Children dealt with as preventive cases . . 1, 081 Children at New Zealand Institute for Blind, for whom the Department makes payment . . . . . 19 Total .. .. .. .. 7,259 The number of children committed to the care of the Superintendent during the year ended 31st March, 1934, was 423, classified according to reasons for committal, as follows : Indigent, 154 ; delinquent, 22 ; detrimental environment, 53 ; neglected, 4 ; not under proper control, 117 ; accused or guilty of punishable offence, 73 ; and, in addition, 6 were admitted by private arrangement (section 12, Child Welfare Act), while 47 were temporarily admitted, making the total number of admissions for the year 476. Of the children committed, 72 had been dealt with previously by the Courts for other offences, for which they had received terms of supervision.

I Examination. Stage in Course at which Examina- , Number of Candidates. 1 1932. 1933. * k lon 1S normally taken. University Entrance At end of Form V —i.e., at end (a) Who presented them- 4,725 4,738 Examination of at least the third year of selves for examination post-primary course (only the (b) Who passed .. 2,223 2,291 very best third-year pupils (c) Who failed .. . . 2,502 2,447 succeed in passing) Entrance Scholarship At end of Form VI —i.e., at end (a) Who presented them- 295 345 Examination of at least the fourth year of selves for examination post-primary course (6) Who obtained at least a 131* 134* pass with credit (c)jtWho qualified only for 53 112 University entrance as a result of the examination (d) Who failed .. .. 143 99 Other University During University course .. (a) Who presented them- 7,290 7,750 examinations selves for examination (b) Who obtained complete 4,669 5,649 or partial successes * Thirty scholarships are awarded yearly.

E.—l.

Classified according to the age at the time of admission, the numbers, including temporary admissions and those admitted under section 12, Child Welfare Act, are as follows : Under six months, 40 ; over six months and under one year, 23 ; from one to five years, 73 ; from five to ten years, 101 ; from ten to fourteen years, 121 ; over fourteen years, 118. The length of period of residence for the children temporarily admitted was from one day to eight weeks. Of the children in foster-homes, 172 are over the age of fourteen years, of whom 95 are still attending primary schools and 77 are receiving higher education. In addition, there are 20 residing in hostels and colleges receiving secondary education, and 1 in residence attending college. Furthermore, 25 children under the age of fourteen years are receiving higher education. 37. TEACHERS' SUPERANNUATION FUND. The position of the fund at the 31st January, 1934, and the principal figures concerning the transactions for the year, compared with those for the year ended 31st January, 1933, are given below — 1932-33. 1933-34. £ £ Balance at credit of fund at end of year .. .. .. 1,111,642 1,003,185 Decrease over balance at end of previous year .. . . 106,524- 108,457 Income for the year — Members'contributions .. .. .. .. 113,764 114,775 Interest .. .. .. .. .. .. 61,117 54,310 Government subsidy . . .. .. .. 47,020 55,948 Profit on realization of investments, &c. .. .. .. 1,462 Total income .. .. .. .. £221,901 £226,485 Expenditure — Retiring and other allowances .. .. .. 283,738 299,516 Contributions refunded, &c. .. .. .. 33,478 31,802 Administration expenses, &c. .. .. .. 3,709 3,634 Provision for loss on investment .. .. .. 7,500 Total expenditure .. .. .. £328,425 £334,952 Number of contributors at 31st January .. .. .. 9,355 8,903 Number of members admitted during period .. .. .116 99 Number retiring from the fund during period .. . . 728 551 Net increase in membership at 31st January . . .. *609 *452 Number of allowances in force at 31st January .. .. 1,842 1,881 Representing an annual charge of .. .. .. £296,784 £299,667 Ordinary retiring-allowances .. .. .. 1,221 £243,816 1,230 £245,779 Retiring-allowances under extended provisions of section 75 of the Act, and under section 14 of Finance Act, 1931 .. .. •• •• 133 £20,827 136 £21,270 Retiring-allowances in medically unfit cases .. .. 176 £22,767 176 £22,457 Allowances to widow .. .. .. •• 251 £7,789 268 £8,316 Allowances to children .. .. .. .. 61 £1,586 71 £1,846 Funds invested at 31st January — £ £ At 4 per cent. .. .. •• •• •• 2,855 At 4J per cent. .. .. .. ■ • • • •. 81,180 At 4f per cent. .. .. .. • • • • • • 400 At 4| per cent. .. .. .. ■ ■ • • 29,850 At 4f per cent. . . .. • • • • ■ ■ • • 500 At 5 per cent. .. • • • • • • • • 147,960 81,648 At s|-per cent. .. .. •• 15,800 At 5J per cent. .. .. • ■ • • • • 39,510 At 5| per cent. .. .. • • • • • • 400 At 6 per cent. .. • • ■ • ■ • • • 500 At 6f per cent. At 6 per cent. \ Subject to reduction under the National/ 854,582 834,943 At 6| per cent./ Expenditure Adjustment Act, 1932 \ 17,432 17,432 Mortgage security acquired . . .. .. .. 3,446 3,365 Total .. .. ■■ £1,109,480 £1,022,323 Average rate of interest (per cent.) — Unreduced rate after reduction .. .. .. 5-79 5-78 As shown above .. .. • • • • •• 5-00 4-94 Unclaimed contributions held at 31st January .. .. £1,413 £1,727

* Decrease.

E.—l.

APPENDIX.

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND RECOVERIES IN RESPECT OF ALL SERVICES UNDER THE CONTROL OR SUPERVISION OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1934.

General Administration. £ £ ; £ Salaries of Head Office staff .. .. .. .. 26,946 Part salaries of Inspectors attached to Head Office .. .. 1,399 Overtime and meal allowances .. .. .. .. 14 28,359 Office furniture and fittings .. .. .. .. .. 214 Postage and telegrams .. .. .. .. .. .. 708 Telephones .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 333 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. 636 Education Gazette — Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 195 Printing, postage, &c., office and other requisites .. 1,030 1,226 Printing and stationery .. .. .. .. 555 Printing and stationery—Storage with Government Printer .. 60 615 32,090 Less recoveries— Services rendered to Teachers' Superannuation 1,378 Board and to other Departments Education Gazette: Sales and advertising, &c. .. 160 Postage and telegrams .. .. .. 190 Printing and stationery and sale of publications 264 Teachers' certificate, fees for.. .. .. 451 2,443 29,647 Primary Education (including Intermediate Schools or Departments under control of Education Board). Teachers'salaries and allowances .. .. .. 1,364,719 Teachers' salaries and allowances —Chatham Island schools .. 1,643 House allowances .. .. .. .. .. 34,234 1,400,596 Education Boards —Grants for administration and general 29.322 purposes Less portion chargeable to post-primary .. .. 723 28,599 School Committees' allowances—Cleaning, heating, &c. .. 104.219 Less portion chargeable to post-primary .. .. 2.994 101,225 Supply of books in necessitous cases .. .. .. .. 1,264 Removal expenses of teachers .. .. .. .. .. 356 School buildings and sites— Maintenance, including alterations to make safe £ against earthquake .. .. 66,420 Less portion for secondary departments of district high schools chargeable to post-primary .. .. .. 1,640 64,780 Rebuilding or repairing buildings destroyed or damaged 5,065 by fire Rent of buildings and sites for school purposes .. 3,154 Valuation fees and miscellaneous .. .. .. 42 73,041 Conveyance, &c., of children — By rail .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,683 By road and water .. .. .. .. 63,043 71,726 Conveyance of instructors and teachers .. .. .. .. (5 ; 594 Correspondence School— Salaries of teachers .. .. .. .. 5,364 Meal allowances .. . . .. .. .. 11 Other expenses .. .. .. .. .. 1,896 Office furniture and fittings .. .. .. .. 78 7,349 Grant to Hawke's Bay Education Board for supplementary . . 30 readers —Napier intermediate school Inspection— Salaries (less part charged Head Office Administration) .. 21,204 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. .. 7,129 Telephones and office expenses .. .. .. 120 Clerical assistance .. .. .. .. .. 304 Postage and telegrams .. .. .. .. 80 28,837 School Journal— Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 421 Printing, postage, office expenses, &c... .. .. 4,905 1 5,326

E.—l

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc.— continued.

Primary Education—continued. £ £ £ Manual Instruction— Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 47 793 Capitation .. .. .. .. ,. 39 Material .. .. .. * .. .. .. 42 Incidentals .. .. .. .. .. 12 824 T> x 60,698 Postages .. .. .. .. .. .. _ _ 355 Printing (register and other school books and forms) .. .. 613 1,786,809 Less recoveries—• Teachers' salaries .. .. ,. .. 4 202 On account of maintenance of buildings .. 2 Correspondence School .. .. .. 843 School Journal sales .. .. .. ,518 Special examination fees .. .. .. 54 On account of education of foreign children .. 130 Postages, printing and stationery .. .. 177 Rent of school-sites, &c. .. .. .. 573 Education Boards—Grants for administrative 1 purposes 6,500 „ t — 1,780 309 Post-primary Education. (Including intermediate departments attached to secondary and technical schools.) Teachers' salaries and allowances— District high schools .. .. .. .. 60,846 Secondary schools .. .. .. .. .. 185 110 Technical schools and classes .. .. .. 143,550 Combined schools .. .. .. .. .. 33' 145 n . . -r, , • • — 422,651 Urants to Hoards tor administrative and general purposes— District high schools .. ., .. .. 723 Secondary schools .. .. .. .. .. 27 107 Technical schools .. .. .. .. .. 22 793 Combined schools .. .. .. .. .. 6 368 gg 991 School Committee allowances (portion for secondary depart- ., 2' 994 ments, district high schools) Manual instruction in secondary schools .. .. .. ., 2 926 Conveyance of pupils .. .. .. ,. .. _ 13' 794 Inspection— Salaries (less portion charged to Head Office Administration) 3,134 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. .. 1 —— __ 4 343 National Scholarships .. .. .. .. .. > _ 2' 698 War Bursaries .. .. .. ., .. _ ' 043 School buildings, &c.— Maintenance of buildings (including secondary depart- 5,684 ments of district high schools) Rents of buildings for school purposes .. .. .. 1 478 Correspondence School— I 7 162 Salaries .. .. .. .. ., ,, 3 582 Other expenses .. .. ,. .. .. 1 107 4 689 Marlborough High School—Grant under Marlborough High '394. School Act, 1899 Printing forms, &c., for schools .. .. .. .. ,. Igg Secondary education reserves revenue distributed to High .. 10 488 School Boards (Education Reserves Amendment Act, 1914) 1 Less recoveries— 529 §72 On account of maintenance of buildings .. 266 Conveyance of pupils .. . . .. 3 Correspondence School .. .. .. 391 Teachers' salaries .. .. ., .. 9 Rent of school-sites, &c. .. .. .. 141 War bursaries .. .. .. ,. 13 823 Higher Education. 529,049 Statutory grants— New Zealand University —• National-endowment reserve .. 2 535 revenue Auckland University College— Grant for general purposes .. .. 8,071 National-endowment reserve revenue .. .. 1,267 Victoria University College— Grant for general purposes . . .. , . 8 106 National-endowment reserve revenue .. .. 1,267 Canterbury College— 9,373 Grant for general purposes .. .. .. 8,645 National-endowment reserve revenue .. .. 1 267 ! 9>912

EL—i.

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. — continued.

Higher Education —continued. £ £ £ Statutory grants —continued. University of Otago— 0 Grant for general purposes .. .. • • 11,99d National-endowment reserve revenue .. .. 1,267 — —i——• 13,260 Scholarships and bursaries — University National Scholarships .. .. •• 3,950 Agricultural Scholarships .. .. •• H 8 " Sir George Grey " Scholarships .. .. • • _ 200 University Bursaries .. •• •• •• 5,865 Agricultural Bursaries .. . • • • • • 920 Architectural Bursaries .. .. ■ • • • 11® Engineering Bursaries .. .. • • • • 437 Home-science Bursaries .. .. • • • • '- 21 56,748 Less recoveries: Refund —Educational bursaries, &c. .. 26 56,722 Training Colleges and Training of Teachers. Training colleges — . , . , Salaries of staffs (including staffs of practising schools in .. 11, excess of usual staff as public schools) Expenses in connection with appointments .. .. • • 21 Allowances to and expenses of students .. .. •• 19,337 Students'University college fees .. .. •• •• 2,bb5 Special instruction, libraries, and incidental expenses .. .. 644 Apparatus and material .. .. • • • • ■ • Printing, &c. Less recoveries— 34,428 Salaries of Staffs .. .. • • ■ • 3 Special instruction libraries and incidental ex- 38 penses Students' allowances .. . . • • 8 Students' University College fees .... 56 105 34,323 Native Schools. Salaries of teachers .. • • • • • • • • • • Removal expenses of teachers .. .. • • • • 68b Books, apparatus, and other school requisites .. .. ■ • 1,343 Manual instruction .. • • • • • • • • • • Conveyance and board of children .. .. ■■ lio Sundries Buildings and sites— Maintenance of buildings .. .. ■ •• 3,966 Rent of buildings and sites .. .. .. • ■ 163 Inspection — ~~~ 4,129 Salaries of Inspectors .. .. •• •• 1,015 Travelling-expenses .. •• •• •• 596 1 611 Scholarships and apprenticeships .. .. •• 3,515 77,177 ; Less recoveries—Books, maps, &c. .. .. .. • • 63 Maintenance of buildings .. .. .. 16 Rent of school-sites, &c. .. .. .. 19 98 > 1 77,079 Physical Instruction. Salaries of instructors .. .. •• •• •• 1,020 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. • • • • 114 Uniform allowances .. .. •• •• •• •• 21 , ,,, —| 1,155 Education of the Blind. Maintenance fees of Government pupils at Jubilee Institute .. .. 524 Travelling-expenses of pupils .. .. • • • • • ■ 51 575 Less recoveries: Maintenance fees, &c. .. .. .. 407 — 168

E.—l

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc.— continued.

School for the Deaf. £ £ £ Salaries of staff .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,050 General maintenance of institution .. .. .. .. 1,902 Maintenance of buildings, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 71 Postage and telegrams .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Travelling allowances and expenses (including transit of .. 297 children) 7,324 Less recoveries— Maintenance fees, &c. .. .. .. 2,105 Sale of produce .. .. .. .. 2 Board of staff .. .. .. .. 405 2,512 —: — 4,812 Schools for the Mentally Backward. Salaries of staff .. .. .. .. .. .. 7,463 Maintenance of institutions .. .. .. .. .. 5,682 Maintenance of buildings, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 657 Travelling allowances and expenses (including transit of .. 349 children) Sundries .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Postage and telegrams .. .. .. .. .. .. 72 14,226 Less recoveries— Maintenance fees, &c. .. .. .. 975 Sale of produce, &c. .. .. .. 586 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. 24 Board of staff .. .. .. .. 1,207 2,792 11,434 Child Welfare. Salaries of staffs, including field officers .. .. .. .. 25,713 Wages of inmates employed in institutions .. .. .. 219 Travelling and removal expenses (including transit of children) .. 3,480 Boarding-out of children .. .. .. .. .. 75,481 Maintenance of children in Government institutions .. .. 20,227 Maintenance of children in private institutions .. .. .. 4,300 Maintenance of buildings, &e. .. .. .. .. .. 1 453 Rent, office requisites, telephones, &c. .. .. .. .. 2,130 Office furniture and fittings .. .. .. .. .. 23 Postage and telegrams .. .. .. .. .. .. 672 Payment to Post and Telegraph Department for services .. .. 698 Payment to Registrar-General's Department for services .. .. 20 Refunds of inmates' earnings .. .. .. .. .. 698 Refund of maintenance payments .. .. .. .. ] 72 Legal expenses.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 135,311 Less recoveries— Maintenance fees, &e. .. .. .. 13,777 Refunds for clothing, &c., supplied .. .. 3,999 Refunds of boarding-out payments .. .. 495 Refunds of travelling-expenses .. .. 46 Recoveries on account of office rent, &c. .. 46 Recoveries on account of inmates' earnings .. 647 Recoveries on account of maintenance of buildings 11 Sale of produce .. .. .. .. 1,759 Board of staff and others .. .. .. 2,274 Rent of land and buildings .. .. .. 323 Accumulated earnings of deceased inmates .. 303 23,680 : 111,631 Material and Stores. Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 875 Stores and material purchased .. .. .. .. .. 2,991 Lighting, cleaning, cartage, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 84 3,950 Less stores issued and charged to other items of vote 4.413 Education O. 463 Less recoveries : Stores sold .. .. ,. 32 —, 1 ' ( v. 495

E.—l.

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. — continued.

SUMMAKY. Consolidated Fund— ", f Vote Education .. .. .. •• •• ■• ■• •• •• •■ <2,5ie,079 Unauthorized .. .. • • • ■ • • • • • • • • • ■ • ■ 760 Land Act, 1924 (national-endowment reserves revenue) .. .. .. .. -• •• 53,221 Education Reserves Act, 1928, sections 23 and 30 (primary-education reserves revenue) .. .. 96,447 Education Reserves Act, 1928, sections 23 and 30 (secondary-education reserves revenue) .. .. 10,488 Tauranga Educational Endowment Reserves Act, 1896 (reserves revenue) .. .. .. ... _ 194 Public Revenue Act, 1926, section 133 (Fire Insurance Fund) .. .. .. •• •• 3,846 Public Works Fund, vote Education buildings .. .. .. .. •• ■■ •• 51,435 2,742,470 Less — Consolidated Fund — *■ Recoveries on account of expenditure of previous years . . . . .. 115 Territorial revenue .. .. .. • • • ■ ■ • • • W Miscellaneous revenue . . .. .. . • ■ ■ • • .. 1,703 £2,740,545 In addition to the above, endowments administered by the Boards brought in further revenue as follows : — Post-primary schools .. .. .. . • • ■ • ■ . . 37, 739 University colleges .. .. .- .. ■• ■• ■■ 16,886 Total £54,625

Approximate Cost of Paper. —Preparation, not given; printing (3,000 copies), £82 10s.

By Authority: G. H. Loney, Government Printer, Wellington.—l 934.

Price, Is.]

Miscellaneous. £ £ £ Examination expenses .. .. . . •• •• 2,184 Grading of teachers, costs of appeal, inquiries, &c. .. .. .. 323 Accidents to school children and teachers .. .. .. • • 45 Salaries of teachers on exchange from overseas (recoverable) .. 1,762 Superannuation contributions of teachers on active service, .. 32 1914-19 Teachers' Superannuation Fund— Annual contribution under Act .. .. • • 43,000 Additional allowance to widows and children .. .. 3,784 46,784 Gramophones for schools (recoverable) .. . ■ • • • • 36 51,166 Less recoveries— Examination fees, &c. .. .. •• 1,644 Salaries of teachers on exchange from abroad .. 1,395 Gramophones for schools .. ,. . • 31 Grading of teachers .. .. • • 41 6 3,111 48,055 Net total, excluding new buildings, &c. .. .. 2,683,889 Capital Expenditure. ,, , Consolidated Fund: Sites, buildings, equipment, &c. — Public Works Fund. Vot6i Education. Public schools .. • • • • • • • • 53,656 4 008 Secondary schools .. .. •• •• •• 2,030 538 Technical schools .. .. • • • ■ • • 1 > 197 307 Native schools .. .. •• •• 2,330 368 59,213 5,221 Less recoveries (sale of sites, &c., and recoveries on account of expenditure of past years) — Public schools .. .. . • • • 4,382 Secondary schools .. .. • • • • 654 Technical schools .. ■ ■ • ■ • • 2.665 Native schools .. .. • ■ • ■ 77 7,778 Net expenditure on new buildings, &c. .. 51,435 5,221 56,656 Net total, including new buildings, &c. .. .. .. £2,740,545

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Permanent link to this item

https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/parliamentary/AJHR1934-I.2.2.4.1

Bibliographic details

REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1933. [In Continuation of E.-1, 1933.], Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1934 Session I, E-01

Word Count

19,646

REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1933. [In Continuation of E.-1, 1933.] Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1934 Session I, E-01

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REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1933. [In Continuation of E.-1, 1933.] Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1934 Session I, E-01

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No known copyright (New Zealand)

To the best of the National Library of New Zealand’s knowledge, under New Zealand law, there is no copyright in this item in New Zealand.

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REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1933. [In Continuation of E.-1, 1933.] Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1934 Session I, E-01

Using This Item

No known copyright (New Zealand)

REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1933. [In Continuation of E.-1, 1933.] Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1934 Session I, E-01

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No known copyright (New Zealand)

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Pages 1-20 of 42

Pages 1-20 of 42

Pages 1-20 of 42

Pages 1-20 of 42

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Bibliographic details

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REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1933. [In Continuation of E.-1, 1933.] Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1934 Session I, E-01

Using This Item

No known copyright (New Zealand)

REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1933. [In Continuation of E.-1, 1933.] Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1934 Session I, E-01

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