EDUCATION: SPECIAL SCHOOLS, AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of E.-4, 1916.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1917 Session I, E-04

E.-~.4

1917. NEW ZEALAND.

EDUCATION: SPECIAL SCHOOLS, AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of E.-4, 1916.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

CONTENTS. Page Page 1. Extraot from the Annual Report (8.-l) of the 3. Coatley Training Institution — Minister of Education .. .. .. i Statemont of Aocounts .. .. g 2. Industrial School Statistics .. .. T 4> Infant-life Protection Statistics .. .. g

No. 1. —EXTEACT FEOM THE FOETIETH ANNUAL EEPOET OP THE MINISTEE OF EDUCATION. SPECIAL SCHOOLS. Work of the Special Schools Section. The special-schools section of the work of the Education Department includes (1) the care of destitute, uncontrollable, or deliquent children committed to receiving-homes or industrial schools, and all juvenile offenders transferred from gaols to industrial schools; (2) the education and care of deaf, blind, or feeble-minded children over the age of six years; (3) the supervision of all children under the age of six years who are—(a) maintained apart from their parents or guardians, (b) adopted with premium. Industrial Schools. At the 31st December, 1916, there were nine institutions, officially known as industrial schools, directly under the control of the Education Department. Of these, three are devoted to the training of girls and three to the training of boys. The remaining three are receiving-homes which deal with children (boys and girls) who are fit to be boarded out in country homes, or who, if over the age of fourteen years, are capable of taking situations. There are also thirty-six industrial schools under private control to which children may be committed under the Industrial Schools Act, and which are subject to inspection by the Education Department.

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The number of children brought for the first time under the operation of the Industrial Schools Act during 1916 was 436; the number whose names were written off during the year was 317, and the total roll number at the end of the year was 3,284. Of these, 1,970 were boys and 1,314 girls. The children are classified as follows : — In residence— In Government industrial schools other than reformatories In reformatories (boys) ... ... ... ••■ ••• I*2 (girls) __«> 654 In private industrial schools ... ... ... ■•• ••■ 355 Total ... 1,009 Boarded out— From Government schools (including receiving-homes) ... ... 1,076 From private industrial schools ... ... ■•• ■■• 6 Total ■■■ l>oß2 Placed out in situations ... ... ... ... ■ • • • • • • With friends on probation ... ... ••• 387 In private institutions, hospitals, absent without leave, in prison, &c. ... 236 Grand total... ... ... ... ... ••• 3,284 The net expenditure for the last financial year, exclusive of capital charges for additional buildings, works, &c, was £41,304, showing a decrease of £644 on that of the preceding year, although 515 more children were actually maintained, the numbers being 2,655 and 2,140 respectively. The contributions from parents under orders of Court, agreements, &c, amounted to £12,297, being at the rate of £4 12s. Bd. per head of those maintained. This is an increase of 3s. 7d. per head over the rate of the preceding year. The following figures show the expenditure in connection with Government and private industrial schools during the year : — Expenditure on Government Industrial Schools, 1916-17. £ Salaries ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14,788 General maintenance ... ... ... ... ... ... 23,237 Travelling-expenses ... ... ... ... .. ... 1,346 Furnishings, repairs to buildings, small works ... .. ■■■ 1,568 New buildings and works ... ... ... ... ... 332 Payments to foster-parents ... ... ... ... ... 23,408 Gross cost ... ... ... ... ... 64,679 Recoveries from parents and others ... ... ... £23,796 Sales, &c. ... ... ... ... ... ... 2,565 26,361 Net cost of institutions ... ... ... ... 38,318 Salaries, &0., of visiting and probation officers and sundries ... 2,118 £40,436 Expenditure on Private Industrial Schools. £ Gross cost .... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2,857 Recoveries ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,884 Net cost ... ... ... ... ... ... £973 Included in the total sum recovered (£25,680) is an amount of £13,383 paid by Hospital and Charitable Aid Boards for the maintenance of 836 children committed to industrial schools on account of indigency. In addition 169 inmates of private indiistrial schools were maintained at the expense of Hospital and Charitable Aid Boards. As these latter schools make their claims direct against the Boards the figures are not included in this report. Section 50 of the Industrial Schools Act provides for the placing of inmates of industrial schools in situations and for part of their earnings to be placed

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in trust accounts in the Post Office Savings-bank. There are some two thousand such trust accounts, representing about £50,000. Though these earnings cannot be claimed as a right in practice, they are generally paid over to the persons concerned who, after passing out of the control of the schools, are able to give evidence of good character, provided that satisfactory investments for the money are shown. Inmates and Past Inmates of Industrial Schools who have enlisted for Active Service. It is difficult to estimate the number of present and past inmates who have enlisted for active service. Some hundreds have left New Zealand with the Expeditionary Forces, in a great many cases as N.C.O.s, and some have gained commissions in the field. Almost every casualty list contains the names of some of these boys, who have either been wounded or have made the supreme sacrifice. As soon as it is possible to do so a list will be prepared of all the names of these lads. No greater proof of the value of the training given under the industrial-schools system is necessary when it is remembered that prior to commitment the majority of these lads have been at some time or other well on the road towards a socially inefficient or criminal career. Infant-life Protection. The purpose of this system is to provide supervision and protection for infants boarded out by their parents or guardians in circumstances that might lead to their neglect or ill treatment. Unless licensed as a foster-parent, no person in consideration of any payment or reward may receive or take charge of an infant for the purpose of nursing or maintaining it apart from its parents or guardians for longer than seven consecutive days. " Infant" means a child under six years of age. Besides the district agents, duly appointed officers who are qualified nurses have full power to inspect the licensed homes. If necessary the Education Department may take over the maintenance of a child, recovering the cost from the parents or guardians, and the foster-parent's license may be revoked, the children in the home being otherwise provided for as the Minister may direct. Payment of a premium on the adoption of a child brings the case within the provisions of the Act. The number of homes licensed at the end of the year was 1,054, and the total number of children in them during the year was 1,250, a decrease of 190 for the year. Of this total the number of infants under one year was 365. Seventeen children died, being 1-36 per cent, of those in the homes. Of that number, nine died in foster homes and eight in hospitals or nursing-homes to which they had been removed for treatment, so that the deaths in foster-homes represented 0-72 per cent, only of the total number dealt with. The expenditure in connection with infant-life protection for the year ended 31st March, 1917, was £1,350; for the preceding year the amount was £1,476. School for the Deaf, Sumner. Number of pupils who returned to the school in February, 1916, after the summer vacation ... ... ... ... ... ... 98 Number admitted during the school year ... ... ... ... 14 Left during or at the end of the school year ... ... ... ... 14 Number remaining on the roll after the close of the school year ... ... 98 Thirteen pupils were removed from school during the year, having reached a satisfactory standard of education. One day-school pupil died at home from heart-disease. The length of the school life of dea children varies from two to ten years. The necessity for sending deaf children to be properly treated at as early an age as possible is imperative, since the process of educating the deaf must be slower and more arduous than in the case of normal children. Of the fourteen new pupils admitted during the year six had reached an average age of eight years and one month, one was ten years and four months, one eleven years and ten months, two fourteen years and seven months, and one fourteen years

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and eleven months; the difficulty of educating these children thus being greatly increased. In addition to the ordinary school-work the girl pupils receive instruction in general domestic work, cooking, laundry-work, dressmaking, and dancing; while the boys are taught woodwork and gardening. A feature of this institution is the successful work carried on in the garden and on the farm, provision being thus made for a plentiful supply of milk, vegetables, and fruit all the year round. Notwithstanding the dry season intensive cultivation of the sandy soil has been carried out under the supervision of the Department of Agriculture, and very fine specimens of such products as lucerne, marrows, mangels, carrots, &c, the product of the school-farm, have been exhibited by that Department at the Dunedin, Timaru, and Ashburton agricultural and pastoral shows. The expenditure on the school for the last financial year is as follows :— £ £ Salaries... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4,062 Maintenance of pupils and sundry expenses ... ... 1,802 Travelling-expenses ... ... ... ... ••• 207 Maintenance of buildings ... ... ... ... ... 94 6,165 Less — Parental contributions ... ... ... ... 1,088 Amounts collected from Hospital and Charitable Aid Boards ... ... ... ... ... 768 Sundry other recoveries ... ... ... ... 32 1,888 Net expenditure ... ... ... ... £4,277 The net expenditure for the year was £3,740. Jubilee Institute for the Blind, Auckland. The Jubilee Institute for the Blind, Auckland, which is established as a separate institution under the provisions of the Hospitals and Charitable Institutions Act, is governed by a Board of Trustees, four of whom are appointed by the Government. Provision is made at the Institute for the education and training of adults as well as children, although the Education Department is chiefly interested in the latter. In addition to the ordinary school subjects kindergarten classes are held, and instruction is also given in music, swimming, typewriting and shorthand, sewing, knitting, beadwork, &c. Technical work and manual training forms an important part of the curriculum. The boys and men receive instruction in woodwork and in several trades, such as piano-tuning, mat and basket making, &c, while the girls are taught household duties, which will be of great benefit to them when they return to their homes after completing their education in the day school. It is noteworthy that two of the teachers in the Institute are themselves ex-pupils of the school. One graduate blind teacher last year successfully trained blind students for the Matriculation Examination. The amount paid by the Government towards the cost of training thirtythree pupils was £810, and the amount refunded to the Government in the way of parental contributions and payments by Hospital and Charitable Aid Boards was £538. The amount paid by the Government as subsidy to the Board of Trustees under the provisions of the Hospitals and Charitable Institutions Act was £1,815 3s. 7d. Education and Care of the Feeble-minded. During the year full publicity has been given to the compulsory clauses in the Education Act dealing with the education and training of feeble-minded or epileptic children between the ages of six and twenty-one years. As the result of a systematic canvas information regarding over six hundred cases was obtained. About three hundred and fifty of these were boys and two hundred and fifty girls. The assistance of the Medical Inspectors of Schools has been obtained for the preliminary examination of the majority of these cases; a great many have been examined, and the work is still proceeding.

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The need for controlling and in the majority of cases for segregating all feeble-minded children is of the utmost importance if the physical and mental standard of the race is to be preserved. Of the cases already examined a great many are unfitted on account of their low mentality for admission to special schools, although in certain urgent cases admission has been arranged in the absence of any other means of dealing with them. The inmates of schools for feeble-minded children are given a very simple course of instruction suited to their limited intelligence. Instruction is largely of a manual character, since these children are able to advance very slightly in the arts of reading, writing, and counting. The object of the instruction is to quicken the intelligence and dexterity of the children, so that later on they may be able to take part in some simple occupation and be able to some extent to help to support themselves and to find some interest in occupations suitable to their limited capacities. Only in very exceptional cases, if in any, can it be expected that any feeble-minded children can be brought up to a standard approximating to that of even the less efficient members of the ordinary community. It has been found that those who most closely approach the ordinary standard of intelligence and capacity run greater risks and are subject to greater dangers even than those with a very low grade of intelligence. It should be definitely known that all statements relating to alleged curing of feebleminded children, or to their replacement in ordinary schools under ordinary instruction, or to their becoming able to take their place in the ordinary community, are really the result of a misunderstanding of the types of cases to which progress such as the above refers. Improvement referred to in such statements has been accomplished not in the case of feeble-minded children, but in the case of merely backward children who make unduly slow progress under the ordinary methods of school instruction. There are many children of this type in New Zealand, but they are not placed in schools for the feeble-minded. Children who are feeble-minded in the real sense of the term are unlikely ever to improve sufficiently to make it safe for them to enter the general community. A great majority of them will need to be under protecting control throughout life, and all that the State can do for them is to reduce the amount of such supervision. To meet the growing demands a school for feeble-minded girls was established during the year at Richmond, near Nelson. So far forty-eight girls have been admitted there, but accommodation is provided for about thirty more, and a selection is now being made of other applicants for admission. As two of the institutions at present utilized for industrial-school purposes (at Auckland and Caversham) will be vacated during the course of the ensuing year it is proposed to convert them into special schools for girls; these two schools together will accommodate about ninety girls. The problem of catering for the feeble-minded is a most difficult one, and, although the need for direct action is pressing, it is not advisable from a financial point of view to enter on any extended programme of establishing institutions without the most careful consideration. The provision for further accommodation for feeble-minded children will probably necessitate the establishment of a school in the North Island in order to avoid undue travelling on the part of inmates and their relatives. In the meantime no ambitious programme of training the girls has been entered upon at Richmond. More attention has been given to the building-up of the children physically and of making their lives reasonably happy in their new surroundings—a liberal diet, plenty of exercise, and an occasional trip to the seaside are having a marked effect on the physical condition of the children. A teacher is attached to the staff, and a certain amount of kindergarten work is carried out. It is proposed to obtain the services of at least two lady teachers who have had special experience in the training of feeble-minded girls, and to establish one of the institutions referred to above for the training of the younger and more improvable girls. As the girls become proficient in some craft, such as

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matmaking, sewing, &c, or are fairly capable at domestic or laundry work or gardening, they can be transferred to one of the other schools, where it will not be necessary to employ an expert staff. As in the majority of cases it will be necessary to retain lifelong control, the problem of establishing after-care homes or colonies will have to be faced in the near future. With regard to boys, the extended building programme at the special school at Otekaike has now been completed, and there is now provision for the accommodation of some two hundred cases. Workshops have been provided, and technical instruction in carpentry, bootmaking, mat-weaving, basketmaking, boxmaking, &c, will be carried out. A thoroughly equipped day school has also been provided, and under the direction of an expert teacher progress in the training of the boys is now possible. Nearly one hundred boys have been admitted, and as the cases now under review are examined they will be drafted on to Otekaike until the full complement of the school is reached. The following tables show the numbers dealt with at Otekaike during the past year, together with particulars regarding expenditure :— Numbers as at 31st December, 1916 :— Males. 11l residence .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 67 Boarded out .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Temporarily absent with friends .. .. .. .. .. 10 79 Particulars of expenditure for the financial year ended 31st March, 1917:— £ Salaries .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. 2,839 General maintenance .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,828 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. 358 Maintenance and buildings .. .. .. .. .. 230 Additional buildings, furniture, &c. .. .. .. .. 5,635 — £11,890 Less — Parental contributions towards maintenance .. .. 636 Amount collected from Hospital and Charitable Aid Boards 411 Sundry other recoveries .. .. .. .. 306 1,353 Net expenditure .. .. .. .. £10,537 Special School for Girls, Richmond. Numbers dealt with : In residence at 31st December, 1916, 48. Particulars of expenditure : — £ Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 360 General maintenance .. .. .. .. .. .. 612 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. 69 Buildings, furniture, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 2,264 — 3,305 Less — Parental contributions towards maintenance .. .. 90 Sundry other recoveries .. .. .. .. 5 95 .. .. .. .. £3,210 On the land attached to Otekaike and Richmond (in conjunction with the Nelson Training-farm) sufficient vegetables and fruit are grown to provide for the needs of these two schools, and in addition the dairy herds supply the schools with their requirements in the way of milk and cream. At each of these two schools a certain number of the inmates are employed on the farm or in the garden and orchard. Every care is taken, however, to ensure that no boy or girl is required to do work for which he or she is not physically fitted.

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No. 2.—INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL STATISTICS.

Table ll.—Expenditure on Government Schools, 1916-17.

Table 12. —Government Expenditure on Private (Roman Catholic) Schools, 1916-17.

Government Schools. Salaries. CS'aoe ™» New Works. Boarding out. (Payments to Fosterparents.) Becoveriee from Gross Parents and Cost. Others, and Sales from Farms, &c. Net Cost. £ Uekland.. .. .. 982 Boys' Training-farm, Weraroa 2,518 deceiving Home, Wellington 1,076 deceiving Home, Nelson .. 262 Joys' Training-farm, Nelson 2,915 teceiving Home, Christchurch 932 Pe Oranga Home .. .. 1,279 3urnham .. .. 3,634 }aversham .. .. 1,190 £ 982 2,518 1,076 262 2,915 932 1,279 3,634 1,190 £ 1,521 5,453 1,712 615 4,485 1,369 1,478 5,204 1,400 £ 205 87 330 51 55 86 84 223 225 £ 198 231 91 26 276 13 341 300 92 £ 15 61 £ 2,885 9,578 1,665 £ 5,791 8,289 12,787 2,634 7,792 7,576 3,438 9,361 7,011 £ 2,538 3,313 8,808 931 I ,726 3,455 372 977 4,241 £ 3,253 4,976 3,979 ] ,703 6,066 4,121 3,066 8,384 2,770 256 5,176 4,104 Totals .. ..14,788 14,788 23,237 1,346 1,568 332 23,408 64,679 26,361 38,318 ialaries, travelling-allowances, and expi Lmount paid to Postal Department for Sundries inses of visiting and ] payment of boarding irobation officers, &c. out orders 1,885 100 133 Total net cost *40,436 * Including £1,650 paid from national-endowment revel me.

Name of School. Gross Cost. Recoveries. Net Cost. St. Mary's, Auckland St. Joseph's, Upper Hutt St. Mary's, Nelson St. Vincent de Paul's, Dunedin .. a 1,934 325 328 270 £ 1,104 275 322 183 £ 830 50 6 87 Totals 2,857 1,884 973 Table 13. —Government Expenditure on the Maintenance of Inmates sent to Other Institutions, 1916-17. £ s. d. Door of Hope, Auckland .. .. .. .. ..58 13 10 Salvation Army Home, Auckland .. .. .. .. 2 11 5 St. Mary's Home, Otahuhu .. .. .. .. .. 6 15 5 Orphan Home, Papatoetoe .. .. .. .. .. 2 14 0 Nazareth House, Christehurch .. .. .. .. .. 1246 Mount Magdala Home, Chriatehurch .. .. .. .. 136 14 8 St. Vincent de Paul's, Dunedin .. .. .. .. .. 799 £227 3 7

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Table 14.—.Numbers under Control, 31st December, 1916.

Table 15.—Admissions in 1916, classified according to Causes of Admission.

Government Schools. Private Schoi lie. All Schools. Location. to a § las 1 m B, G. B. <u a a - o jjj! Bβ lag 'HI a H J3S - 11—i o-S' 2 ' h 1*1 |l 111 G. B. G. I I n i 8 si - 0 ■it in i-i O 0) 1° 0Q a » a is-s 551 3 h B. G. B. G. B. B. B. G. B. G. G. B. G. O M In the schools Boarded out.. With friends At service Under guardianship .. Committed, but on probation In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. In mental hospitals .. At School for the Doaf At Special School, Otekaike At refuges or cognate institutions At orphanages, oottage homes, &c. With the Expeditionary Forces At Special School, Richmond In gaol Absent without leave.. 1 76 10 0 4 49 60 17 42 207 25 108 32 13 26£ 33 51 1 13 186 22 33 1 4 46 e J 8 7 26 4 130 1 27 66 40 15 45 Q 144 7 23 6 11 103 20 41 7 142 35 15 o 97 15 m 81 41 78 l< 62 4 89 1 IS 12 Q 1 98 (J 13 50 4 11 6 37 i 42 1 O 39 1 4 12 619 624 171 313 77 16 390 458 110 257 12 1 1,009 1,082 281 570 89 17 1 'a 2 3 1 1 i 1 8 6 14 S 2 2 1 i 2 1 i 1 1 3 1 19 10 1 13 2 19 2 1 *5 8 i *2 8 2 11 8 1 5 3 1 36 36 1 8 1 1 10 6 16 6 14 23 23 10 1 1 2 2 8 2 21 21 36 2 5 2 3 i 10 28 i 2 1 i 12 74 6 12 80 Totals .. 103 190 426 363 262 64 38 232 118 195 194 249 179 201 121 125 77 38 49 60 1,970 1,314 3,284

Govei ■ninent Sol lOOll Private Si shools. All Schoi llB. Admitted as <T3 I B "1 DCcd .9 2 3 d •3 8 -.1 i».ca II Is -o>a o ifl P3>h a o as 9 o a> P3 6 bo I H o o i § I I M a p I" 00*^ CO* ll q pi ce a QQ B. G. B. G. B. G. B. B. G. B. G. G. B. G. to 00 3 I B. li. G. It. G. B. (i. o )estitute .. Vagrant .. n disreputable associations Tot under proper control (complaint by police) Jncontrollable (complaint by parent) Lccused or guilty of punishable offences 5y private arrangement transferred from gaol 8 1 3 24 19 1 9 5 1 1 7 4 5 4 5 2 3 1 6 3 34 3 14 48 3 18 102 6 32 i 4 i 4 3 3 6 8 15 lil 3 5 5 6 7 4 1 12 3 9 4 1 70 38 114 10 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 22 16 38 Y7 1 7 3 1 17 4 1 106 5 111 1 1 3 i 1 5 3 12 13 16 12 28 Totals 21 22 125 34 32 13 3 22 23 14 32 22 7 17 16 4 10 4 11 4 295 141 436

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Table 16.-Admissions in 1916, classified according to Parents' Circumstances and Character.

The numbers of childi-en admitted were —From Auckland, 122; from Wellington, 78; from Christchurch, 50; from Dunedin, 42; from Napier, 15; from Blenheim, 13; from Wanganui, 10; while in no case were more than 8 sent from any other town in the Dominion. The records show that, of the total number of children admitted, 213 per cent, were known to be illegitimate. When children are before the Courts the Magistrates, after hearing evidence, direct in what religious denomination they are to be brought up. The orders made in 1916 show the denominations to be as follows: Anglican, 222; Roman Catholic, 112; Presbyterian, 59; Methodist, 27; Baptist, 10; Congregational, 1; Salvation Army, 1; Plymouth Brethren, 1; Seventh Day Adventist, 1; Disciples of Christ, 1; German Lutheran, 1. The number of inmates over whom the control of the schools terminated during the year was 317. Of this number, 222 were then of good character, 5 fair, 1 bad; 9 were married, 3 were weak-minded, 37 were discharged under the age of fifteen years (13 of whom were legally adopted). In 25 cases information as to character cannot be given, the whereabouts of the inmates (who were absent without leave) being unknown at the time of termination of the period of control. The number of inmates missing at the end of the year was 80—74 boys and 6 girls. There were 15 deaths, particulars of which appear in the following table : —

Table I 7.—Deaths, 1916.

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Prc :cedent Condition of CI lildren idmitted I in 1916, Fathers described as Mothers described as X a o I > •a a o§ if 00 » ■S3 It P 9 n 3 a o £ s= i>. •-is- 0 ! S^ ■2 c.S a a p°3, j §5 u ft i a p. I 1 D I s a 0 hi P I ,2<5 9 I Total. Dead Dead Mentally unfit Deserter .. Good Questionable Bad Unknown Good Dead Mentally unfit Good Questionable Unknown Bad Deserter .. Dead Physically until Mentally unfit Good Questionable Bad Unknown Dead Ciood Questionable Bad Unknown Good Questionable Doad Mentally unfit Good Questionable Bad Deserter .. Unknown 1 2 2 5 4 I 24 8 7 I I 22 4 91 Mi I 9 I 16 8 I 32 60 7 7 13 18 12 21 I 6 I I 2 13 6 8 2 8 4 1 2 9 1 2 4 S 2 9 1 2 Mentally unfit Good 1 12 1 2 8 2 5 2 17 2 4 11 3 37 6 1 2 1 16 i 2 4 1 5 8 Questionable 5 2 3 I J 10 JG 1 7 2 5 25 3 5 1 2 2 13 9 1 J 2 Bad.'.' '.'.■ '4 8 1 2 I 2 1 5 1 1 8 3 1 I 3 3 1 I l!i Deserter 3 I i 1 I 1 Unknown 1 2 6 5 1 2 2 2 4 4 3 1 1 i 2 1 2 ., Totals 102 0 32 38 8 28 436 114 111

Age at Death. Status at Death. Certified Cause of Death. Years. Months. I 2 At board . • Tonsilitib ; laryngitis; bronchitis 9 '■ In hospital .. Pneumonia following measles I „ . . Bronchial pneumonia 3 I „ .. Ohronic hydrocephalus 3 :j ,, .. Acute pneumonia . . 5 9 • Tubercular meningitis (i i) In residence .. Diseased heart; influenza 7 3 In hospital .. Cerebellar abscess 14 !) ,, .. Tuberculosis; peritonitis; exhaustion 18 I Expeditionary Force .Died on active service 18 2 ' In hospital .. Pneumonia 18 9 Expeditionary Force Died on active service ]!l 2 i In hospital .. Hemorrhage; kidney-disease I <) 5 ! Expeditionary Force Died on active service 20 ' i> „ » .. .. School to which belonging. Wellington Receiving Home. Christohuroh Receiving Koine. Cavorsham. St. Vincent dc Paul's. Caversham. St. Joseph's, Upper Hutt. Wellington Receiving Home. Boys' Training-farm, Nelson. Bm'nham. Boys Training-farm, Weraroa. Buraham. Wellington llecoiving Home.

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Table 18.—Discharges, 1916.

Under the provisions of the Industrial Schools Act, 1909, power is given for the detention beyond the age of twenty-one years of any inmate who, upon application being made to a Magistrate by the Manager of the school at the direction of the Minister of Education, is found to be morally degenerate or otherwise not (in the public interest) a fit person to be free from control. In the five years since this Act came into operation there have been 53 orders issued extending the period of control, -11 of the inmates concerned being girls. The Act provides for extension for four years, and gives power to the Court on similar procedure to renew the order from time to time for a period of four years. It is.expected that the number of those over whom authority beyond twenty-one years will be needed will always be small in proportion to the whole number of inmates; but the value of such an enactment in respect of the remainder who have to be detained is obvious, both in their own interest and in that of the community at large.

No. 8. —C OS T LEY TRAINING INSTI TITT IO N. Balance-sheet for Year rnding 81st December, .1916. Liabilities £ s. d. Assets. £ 8, d. Goatley bequest .. .. .. 12,150 0 0 : Mortgages .. .. .. .. 18,820 0 0 Hodge bequest .. .. .. 742 .'! 9 Accrued interest .. .. .. 200 18 8 Jackson and Russell .. .. .. filfi 17 0 Cash in Bank of New Zealand .. .. h"> 8 0 Revenue Account .. .. .. 5, f>27 5 II £i9,o3ti 6 8 £19,036 6 8 Revenue Account. £ s. d. £ c, d. To Balances Ist January, 1910 .. 4,560 14 1 By Office oxpensen .. .. .. 44 4 0 Interest .. .. .. .. 1,070 1 3 Maintenance .. .. .. 70 7 10 Boys'nooount transferred .. .. 11 2 5 Balance carried forward .. .. 5,527 SJI £5,641 17 9 £5,641 17 9

Govoi ■nment Ichools. Pr vato Schools. All Schools. Reason for Termination of Control. hi Auckland. \* ,3 jg |» B. G. B. .9 iiocoiving '3 3 ■ Home, Sin Welling- "£% ton. I. <?± cc' IS. G. B. qd . Rece: §S Ho O o Cln —I I living ime, « rist- q iroli. g te A sa. ■9 3 O a) • p< o a> Mat Nell >t. ry's, son. gfia j a Discharged by warrant. Death Reached age of 21 years Married G. i B. Jβ γ-i G. B. B. G. K. G. i j 9 10 10, 5 1 1 .. .. 2 8 19 top G. 2 2 j G. B. G. a. t 5,3 m a h 2 8 77 4 6:3-2 2 2 11 .. 2| 1 6 ' 47 1 i a 190 40 230 .. .. 2 5 2 .. 3 6 , 5 i 3 10 11 5 52 15 63 8 r .. 6 10 34 I 4 .. 21 9 l I .. ] 12 20 11 14 . . i 5 9 9 , . Totals 2 16 81 2 13 j 55 1 l 6 211 106 317 I 1 :

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No. 4.—INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION STATISTICS.

Particulars of Children admitted to and removed from Licensed Foster-homes during 1916.

Foster-homes. The 844 infants in foster-homes at the end of the year were distributed as follows : — In 529 homes each having one . . .. .. .. .. 529 In 90 „ two . . . . . . .. . . 180 In 27 ~ three .. .. .. ..81 In 9 „ four . . .. . . .. 36 In 1 „ five .. .. .. .. .. 5 In 1 „ six .. .. .. .. 6 In 1 ~ seven . . . . . . . . 7 658 844 Forty of the homes were those in which children under six were boarded out by Charitable Aid Boards. The total number of licensed homes was 1,054, so that at the end of the year there were 396 licensed homes in which for the time being no infants were boarded. RiMES of Payments to Foster-pakents by Parents or Guardians. An account of the rates paid is given in the following statement: — 1 at the rate of 2s. 6d. per week. 3 at the rate of 10s. 6d. per week. 15 „ ss. „ 8 „ 11s. 5 „ 6s. „ 34 „ 12s. 10 ~ 7s. ~ 67 „ 12s. 6d. „ 58 „ 7s. 6d. „ 1 „ 13s. fid. 1 „ 7s. 7d. „ 2 „ 1.45. 47 „ Bs. „ 2] „ 15s. 4 „ Bs. 6d. ~ 1 „ 17s. 18 „ 9s. „ 2 „ 17s. 6d. 539 „ 10s. „ 4 „ 20s. Note. —Three children were being maintained without payment, but for various reasons their names are retained on the books. Generally, the relatives of the infants provide clothing and medical attendance in addition. The following comparison of the rates paid during the last four years shows that the usual payment is about 10s. a week : — 1913. 19L4. 1915. 1916. Under 7s. ... ... ... 24 29 22 31 7s. and under 10s. ... ... 161 163 153 128 10s. ... ... 482 590 566 539 Over 10s. ... ... 9"! 120 137 148

3__E.-4.

i P i> *J 111 m <M CO a to a eo a ° a ° pq , pq rH 1O 4D © T! 6 , T3 CD 2 0 60 CM c) 60 g t«<5 «<) ce«j 0)^ CQh-H TfHlM IC5t»H p^60 a° a ° a ° ffl*^ SB g≤ j gS UIMH ' is g fcS fe:g g° pq pq pq 5 I I I 'laced in licensed homes during the year Withdrawn from homes— Removed by parents or guardians Deaths Adoptions without premiums In homes to which exemption was granted Brought under the operation of the Industrial Schools Act Written off the books for various causes 217 91 I 78 45 [ 78 45 38 18 22 2 38 18 22 511 33 48 I 90 60 43 18 26 8 326 7 3 3 8 1 1 6 3 3 I 5 1 1 18 2G 5 1 2 4 3 21 6 18 11 8 8 8 55 114 Totals .. 45 127 79 \ 505 69 59 27 36 63 )n the books at 31st December, 1916 95 77 173 I 157 113 96 I 69 64 _i_ 844

B.—it.

Exj»i ptkd Institutions . From the provision that " it shall not be lawful for any person in consideration of any payment or reward to receive or retain in his care or charge any infant for the purpose of nursing or maintaining it apart from its parents or guardians for a longer period than seven consecutive days unless such person is licensed as a foster-parent " the Minister may grant certain exemptions, and under this authority exemption has been granted to the institutions set forth in the following list, which shows also the numbers dealt with and the deaths. The conditions of the exemptions provide for inspection, and for removal of the infants only with due formality.

Deaths in Fosteb-hqmes. Of the 1,250 infants that were at one time or another on the books as being in foster-homes during 1.915, 17 died. Of these, 9 died in the foster-homes and Bin hospitals or nursing-homes to which they had been removed for treatment, so that the deaths in foster-homes represented (V 72 per cent, of the total number dealt with. Nine of the 14 were under the age of twelve months, and 13 were of illegitimate birth. The following is a statement of the number of deaths during the time that the infant-life-protectkm system has been in the Department's charge:— 1908 .. .. .. .. 26 deaths out of 1,017 infants = 2-56 per cent. 1909 .. .. .. ..25 „ 1,181 „ =2-11 1910 .... .. .. ..26 „ 1,183 ~ =2-19 1911 .. .. .. ..13 „ 1,183 „ =1-09 1912 .. .. ■■ -.12 „ 1,228 „ =0-98 1913 .. .. .. ..13 „ 1,330 ~ =0-98 1914 .. .. .. ..20 „ 1,423 „ =140 1915 .. .. .. ..14 „ 1,440 ~ ==0-98 1916 .. .. .. ..17 ~ 1,250 „ =1-36 This continued low death-rate refleots great credit on the district agents, their assistants, the local visitors, and the foster-parents. Generally speaking, the Department has reason to be well satisfied with the homes in which these infants are placed.

12

Admissit 1916. »ns, Deaths, On t: 81st D< ie Bor seem b< >ks at er,lM6. Name of Institution. 4a "« &C o ai s g Of to o «° H « (lj (a.) 0 en ill (3.) S ■ S^ <o< a » a -go (4) (5.) in (6.) Iα So ■a a l= (7.) to o (8.) W3 . ill (9.) Mission House of the Order of the Good Shepherd, Auckland .. The MethodiBt Orphanage, Mount Albert, Auckland The Orphan Home, Papatoetoe, Auckland St. Mary's Orphanage, Epsom, Auckland St. Vincent's Home of Compassion, Epsom, Auckland St. Joseph's Orphanage, Takapuna, Auckland The Manurewa Children's Home, Auckland Children's Home, Ponsonliy. Auckland Leslie Presbyterian Orphanage, Remuera, Auckland St. Mary's Home, Otahuhu, Auckland Salvation Army Home, Kusaell Salvation Army Samaritan Home, Gisborne.. Cook County Women's Guild Creche, Gisborne Salvation Army Bethany Home, Napier Waneanui Orphanagi', Wanganui .. Children's Home, Palinereton North Salvation Army Children's Home, Wellington The Levin Memorial Home, Wellington Presbyterian Orphanage, Wellington Home of Compassion, Island Bay, Wellington St. Joseph's Orphanage, Upper Hutt, Wellington St. Mary's Orphanage, Nelson Salvation Army Maternity Home, Christchuroh Sacred Heart Orphanage, Mount Magdala, Christchurcli Nazareth House, Christohurch Methodist Orphanage and Children's Home, Papanui, Christohurch Presbyterian Orphanage, Papanui, Christohuroh St. Saviour's Home, Shirley, Christchurch Children's Convalescent Cottage, New Brighton Children's Creche, Timaru.. St. Mary's Orphanage, Mornington, Dunedin Salvation Army Home, Bishopscourt, Dunedin St. Vincent de Paul's Orphanage, South Dunedin Glendining Home, Anderson's Ba,y, Dunedin Salvation Army Home, Middlemarch Viotoria Memorial Home, Inveroargill 38 4 9 1 1 9 60 18 9 8 13 5 11 3 39 7 17 21 8 3 6 5 72 2i 9 1 11 11 4 'a i ;; .. i i i i 4 i 2 13 i 4 6 1 3 36 29 14 26 28 12 12 6 42 5 3 10 2 3 5 2 6 71 30 14 1 21 36 6 i i i 1 i 7 15 41 7 21 1 "i i 7 1 4 15 i .. I 15 5 11 9 0 Totals for 1916 54 14 453 3 3 1 9 18 Jl 489 Totals for 1915 93 28 458 7 7 1 i 1 11 26 22 486

13

8.—4

Deaths in Exempted Institutions. These, with other particulars, are shown in the foregoing table relating to exempted institutions. The following is a statement of the deaths during the five years in which a record of the deaths has been kept : — 1911 .. .. .. 47 deaths out of 899 infants dealt with = 5-23 per cent. 1912 .. .. ..36 „ 911 „ =3-95 1913 .. .. ..18 ~981 „ = 1-82 1914 .. .. ..37 ~ 944 =391 1915 .. .. ..11 „ .1,026 „ = I -08 1916 .. .. ..9 „ 939 „ =0-96 Adoptions, 1916. During the year 272 orders of adoption wore made, and three orders cancelling three adoption orders. Twenty-two of the adoption orders provided for premiums, and 250 were without monetary consideration. The following shows the ages of the adopted children : —

The. amount of the premiums ranged from £10 to £292 10s. Illegitimacy. For its obvious relation to the intentions of the Infants Act the following table is given : —

Approximate Cost of Paper. —Preparation, not given ; printing (1,300 copies), £lf>.

By Authority : Marcus F. Marks, Government Printer, Wellington.—l9l7.

Price 6'd.]

Age. With With Premium. Without Premium. Pron mium. ' Without Pr remiun Total. [Jnder 6 months Between 6 months and .12 months ,, 1 and 2 years .. ;, 2 „ 3 „ .. 3 „ 4 „ .. 4 „ 5 „ .. 5 „ 6 „ .. 6 „ 7 „ .. 7 „ 8 „ .. 8 „ 9 ., .. 9 „ 10 „ .. „ 10 „ 11 „ .. „ 11 „ 12 „ •■ „ 12 „ 13 „ .. „ 13 „ 14 „ .. „ 14 „ 15 „ .. 9 4 2 5 2 9 4 2 5 2 59 27 37 25 20 14 16 13 9 7 2 5 3 ■1 3 6 59 27 37 25 20 14 16 13 9 7 2 5 3 ■1 3 6 68 31 39 30 20 14 16 15 9 7 2 5 3 4 3 6 22 250 250 ) 272 The adopting persons were — Husband and wife jointly . . Husband alone Widow Wife alone Spinster Bachelor. . 251 6 10 3 1 1 272

Provincial Districts. Illegitimate Births registered during ]f)](i. Number of Illegitimate Children aged Twelve Month* or less brought under the Act during 191(5. I I Auckland .. Taranaki .. Hawke's Bay Wellington Maryborough Nelson Westland .. Canterbury 331 36 52 322 14 25 5 201 160 55 ! » I 3 I " Otago 35 Totals for 1916 1,146 217 Totals for 1915 1,152 250