LUNATIC ASYLUMS OF THE COLONY (REPORT ON) FOR 1889.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1889 Session I, H-22

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1889. NEW ZEALAND.

LUNATIC ASYLUMS OF THE COLONY (REPORT ON) FOR 1889.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

The Inspectob of Asylums to the Hon. the Colonial Secbetaby. Sic,— 15th April, 1889. I have the honour to lay before you the following report of the lunatic asylums of the colony for the year 1888 : — The number of registered insane on the 31st December, 1888, was 1,681, showing a decrease of 14 since the end of the previous year, when the total number was 1,695. These are distributed as follows:— Males. Females. Total Previous Year. Auckland ... ... ... 243 124 367 385 Christchurch ... ... ... 216 147 363 349 Seacliff ... ... ... 302 188 490 501 Hokitika ... ... ... 74 30 104 104 Nelson ... ... ... 54 42 96 101 Wellington ... ... ... 138 99 237 230 Ashburn Hall (private asylum) ... 14 10 24 25 1041 640 1,681 1,695 The proportion of the insane to the population is— New Zealand (exclusive of Maoris) ... ... ... ... 1 in 361. New Zealand (inclusive of Maoris) ... ... ... ... 1 „ 386. New South Wales ... ... ' ... ... ... ... 1 ~374. England (1887) ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 ~346. Last year I took occasion to point out that the lunatic asylums of the colony were being steadil converted into refuges for the mere safe-keeping of chronic and incurable lunatics. Dr. Tuke has lately, in an article in the Nineteenth Century, called public attention to this great evil in a very striking manner. The experience of the American States, taken along with that of England, goes to show that all over the English-speaking world a new departure in our modes of dealing with recent and curable cases of insanity cannot be postponed much longer. At Kankakee, in Illinois, a very interesting experiment is being made towards the solution of this problem. In America, as in England, it has never been possible to gather all the insane— i.e., chronic and acute cases, idiots, and imbeciles, as well as criminal lunatics—into properly-equipped asylums. The chronic cases have been retained in local poorhouses, and even acute cases were only admitted, as vacancies arose, into the State asylums. Dr. Manning, in his admirable paper on " Lunacy in the Australian Colonies," read before the Intercolonial Medical Congress last year, says, on this subject: " The much debated-question of the separation of the acute and chronic insane, by placing them in different institutions, has found a practical settlement. At Paramatta, in New South Wales, Sundbury in Victoria, and. Ipswich, in Queensland, buildings erected for other purposes, and unsuited for the more demonstrative classes of the insane, have been set apart for chronic cases ; and there can be little doubt but that this arrangement will be more fully carried out in future, as tending to economy and. more systematic classification. The system under which all patients who are brought to our hospitals(asylums) in all the Australian Colonies are admitted, whether there is room or not, is one that, so far as I am aware, obtains in no other country—certainly in no other English-speaking community. In Great Britain, in the United States, and in Canada a standard of accommodation is fi£ed, and no patient is admitted in excess of this. In Great Britain the numbers in excess of the accommodation in local asylums are accommodated temporarily in the asylums of other districts, in licensed houses, or in poorhouses. In Canada and the United States the temporary accommodation provided is in poorhouses or other receptacles, and the patients must await their turn for admission should the State asylums be full. Our system has one advantage :it gives us our patients in an early stage, and in many cases a curable stage, of their malady; but it has disad--I—H. 22.

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vantages which outweigh this. It does not allow us to do our best for them when we have them taken. Our accommodation (I speak from twenty years' experience) is seldom or never in advance of our needs. It is often grievously behind them; and the overcrowding consequent on this is subversive of all order, cramps, if it does not paralyse, the best efforts of our medical officers, and is too often fatal to the mental health of our patients." These are the well-considered opinions of the greatest authority in Australasia, and they describe the state of things in New Zealand, excepting that, with us just at present, the state of affairs is greatly aggravated by the unfortunate fire at Sunnyside and the landslip at Seacliff. I made an effort to relieve the pressure at both those institutions by making temporary use of the old immigration barracks at Addington, where I proposed to accominodate-from 150 to 200 chronic and harmless cases, but the people of the district and the local bodies were so opposed to the plan that it had to be abandoned. Cbiminal Lunatics. We have 60 cases of this kind in our asylums, being a percentage of 3-48 in New Zealand, as against 307 for the whole of the other Australasian Colonies. The effects of the presence of these cases in our asylums is most mischievous. They are often extremely violent and dangerous, and cause great difficulties and turmoil both among the patients and the staff. Their malignity and revengefulness against those who are responsible for their safe-keeping are almost incredible, and, when this spirit accompanies, as it commonly does, an inveterate, tendency to delusions of persecution, they will, on the smallest basis of fact, construct a series of the most monstrous charges against the officers, which they themselves firmly believe, and thus are able to deceive all but experienced observers. The Auckland Asylum has been specially unfortunate in this respect. Indeed, I believe that much of the trouble whioh, during the last two years has prevailed there, was due to patients of this kind. One of our most urgent wants, therefore, is some means of separating these criminal lunatics from the ordinary inmates of our asylums. A properly-equipped criminal lunatic asylum is so costly that I see no immediate prospect of our being able to afford it, and our present practice of scattering them through our different institutions seriously disorders the organization and management of them all. The treatment in the wards is governed by the worst cases, and the necessity of caring for dangerous criminals by the same means as are applied to the ordinary patients gives much liberty to the one class, and compels hurtful restrictions on the other. It seems to me, until we are able to afford separate accommodation for this class, that criminals who become insane under sentence should remain in prison till their sentence expires, unless they can be treated like ordinary patients. Admissions. On the first day of January, 1888, the number of insane persons in our asylums was 1,695 : males 1,053, and females 642. Those admitted for the first time during the year numbered 287 : males 173, females 114. The readmissions amounted to 74 : males 42, females 32. DISCIIAEGES. The percentage of recoveries on admissions during the year was 57-62: males 53-95, females 63-01. For the year ending 31st December, 1887, Dr. Manning gives the following recovery and death rate for the Australian asylums :— Recoveries. Males. Females. Total. New South Wales ... ... 34-63 49-50 40-22 Victoria ... ... ... 37-60 47-24 41-85 South Australia ... ... 30-80 26-70 29-20 Queensland ~. ~. ... 41 57-50 46-88 Tasmania ... ... ~. 2280 8-33 16-94 New Zealand ... ... 53-95 63-01 57-62 Deaths on the Average Number llesideiri. Males. Females. Total. New Zealand (1888) ... ... 7-56 4-05 6-16' New South Wales ... ... 6-64 7-03 6-79 Victoria ... ... ... 8-91 5-40 7"30 South Australia ... ... 12-40 10-10 11-40 Queensland ~. ... ... 6-87 6-09 6-58 Tasmania ... ... ... 12-24 0-67 7-24 Auckland Asylum. The great difficulties which attended the management of this asylum, I trust, have finally disappeared. What with overcrowding, intensified by the confusion and discomfort caused by the building operations both to patients and staff, I am thankful that trying time is over. I feel bound, however, co express my regret that an officer so able and faithful as Dr. Cremonini was so unfortunate that his whole experience of the lunacy service of New Zealand should havo-coin-cided with this evil period. It is largely owing to his efforts that the Auckland Asylum is now one of the most satisfactory institutions in the colony. Wellington Asylum. This asylum continues to be admirably managed. Dr. Hassell has proved himself a very satisfactory Medical Superintendent. The comfort of the patients is carefully looked after, and the best possible spirit animates the staff. The auxiliary asylum at Porirua is also well managed by

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Mr. Wybourne. The heavy labour of making the road from the station is now nearly done, and it will be possible, therefore, to makamuch more rapid progress with other improvements. Nelson Asylum. This asylum is in the same satisfactory condition as formerly, but I am disappointed that the additional land purchased for the farm has not as yet reduced the cost of maintenance very materially. Hokitika Asylum. The same order and vigour which have always characterized Mr. Gribben's rule are still evident in every part of this asylum. Dr. Macandrew's devotion to his patients is most exemplary, and the condition of the patients and the comfort of their surroundings are very satisfactory. Sunnyside Asylum. The building of the female wing of this asylum is making satisfactory progress, so that by Christmas I hope to see it fit for occupation. There will then be available ample room for all the female patients, and the new wards will be much better fitted for their purpose than the old ones. The zeal and capacity manifested by Dr. Levinge and his staff in overcoming the difficulties consequent upon the fire and the building operations have deserved my warmest approval. But for his vigorous administration the discipline of the institution and the comfort of the patients must have suffered greatly during this trying period. Seacliff Asylum. Great embarrassment has been experienced in the management of this asylum during the year owing to the dangerous condition of the northern wing. The females were all removed from this part, and accommodation was, by dint of great care and effort on the part of Dr. T. E. King and his staff, provided in the auxiliary building and the two large halls. Here, again, I have to make thankful acknowledgment of the success with which Dr. King and his assistants have maintained the organization of the asylum and secured the comfort of the patients. By the end of August the damaged part of the building will have been taken down without curtailing the accommodation—at any rate, so long as the remaining part of the north wing is available. The fire at Sunnyside and the slip at Seacliff have made last year one of great trial to the officers of these asylums, and their successful efforts justify the warmest acknowledgments on my part. Maintenance. Last year's report shows that a saving of £1 Bs. 2f d. per head was made in our asylum expenditure. This year lam able to show a still larger saving, of £2 ss. 7f d. per head, without in any way diminishing the comfort of the patients, and notwithstanding the increased cost of many articles of consumption. The total cost per head is £24 13s. 5d., which by repayments is brought down to £20 6s. 7£d. The Auckland Asylum again heads the list for economical management, and next to it comes Christchurch. Nelson and Wellington are the costliest asylums, even when due allowance is made for the necessarily greater cost of small institutions. Seacliff has not yet taken the place it ought to occupy as the least expensive of all our asylums. The explanation is to be found partly in the confusion caused by the enforced removal of the females, and partly in the fact that an expenditure of £4 Bs. 3Jd. per head was required to bring the stock of bedding and clothing up to Dr. King's ideas of what it ought to be. Entbies op Visits to the Different Asylums. Auckland. 31st October, 1888.—To-day I made a surprise visit to this asylum, and found everything in good order. Only one female patient, suffering from general paralysis, was confined to bed. A criminal lunatic, J— E , was very violent and abusive as I passed through the male airing-court. He is one of those dangerous men who ought not to be in an ordinary asylum; and only the fact that no suitable accommodation for this class has yet been provided excuses his being sent here. One of our most urgent wants is a ward for the reception of criminal lunatics, and I hope it will soon be possible to provide one. The new buildings are a very pleasant contrast to the state of things which used to exist on the female side. The defects which Mr. Bwington has called attention to have been remedied, except that for the present the closets must, I think, remain as they are. The great difficulty which they were specially meant to overcome—namely, the stopping of the pipes by the patients—is obviated, and only care and attention are required to prevent their becoming offensive. The condition of the asylum as a whole is highly satisfactory : the only matter on which I find it necessary to remark is that, in my opinion, no sufficient effort is being made by the attendants at the auxiliary asylum to induce the patients to do some work on the farm. I am afraid that partly the cause of this is that it is easier for the attendants to keep them shut up in the airing-court. 20th March, 1889. —I have spent to-day and yesterday in examining this asylum and the con- . dition of the patients. The new buildings on the female side are now in occupation, and the asylum, so far as accommodation and other appliances are concerned, is superior to any other in the colony. The furnishing of the new wards was left to Dr. Cremonini, and the results have been most satisfactory, both as regards the quality and suitableness of the articles and the lowness of cost. I regret that Dr. Cremonini has been led to resign his office, and I cannot at this juncture do otherwise than put on record the fact that, during his two years of responsibility, building operations were proceeding, and that these greatly magnified the difficulty of ruling the asylum, and kept both patients and attendpmts in a state of continual discomfort. I find the asylum in good order; and

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I am particularly glad to see that a beginning has been made in prosecuting, with something like vigour, the reclamations on the farm, which I hope to see occupy in healthful work a far larger proportion of patients than heretofore. I found all the books and documents in good order, except that, for satisfactory reasons, the case-book is in arrears, and that Mr. Christie's stock ledger is not fully entered up. Wellington. 21st December, 1888. —I was engaged in inspecting this asylum during the last two days. I made a thorough examination of every part of the building, and looked minutely into the organization and working of the institution. Everything was in good order, and it was manifest that harmonious co-operation prevailed throughout. I was especially struck with the-improvements on the male side. The total number on the books is 239, of whom 139 are males and 100 females. Four males and 2 females were under, special medical treatment. None of the men, and only 2 women, were in seclusion, both for reasons of which I approved. The general health and appearance of the patients were very satisfactory. A fair proportion of the patients was employed in some kind of outdoor work; and I was especially pleased to see that a new departure had. been made in inducing some of the patients who are tradesmen to work at the employment most congenial to them—for instance, a patient who had been a tailor I found working away quite cheerfully, greatly to his own benefit and the profit of the asylum. I found all the books and documents in proper order. A great improvement has been effected in the varnishing and papering the dayrooms and passages, which used to look so dilapidated, and I have much satisfaction in observing that this has been done by the patients and their officers, thus proving that Dr. Hassell, in addition to his other good qualities, understands the necessity of being no longer dependent on the Public Works Department to such an extent as 4 formerly. Mr. Morrison and Miss Linton deserve commendation for the way in which their work is done, though I expect to find: certain defects in the keeping of the stock-sheets on the female side remedied'before my next visit. 4th January, 1889. —To-day I visited Porirua Asylum, and found everything going on satisfactorily. Mr. Wybourne, the charge attendant, has proved himself well fitted for the responsible position in which he was placed. The patients are carefully and kindly treated; the best spirit prevails among the staff; and the resources of the farm are being steadily improved. Dr. Hassell and Mr. Mackay are regular in their visits, and the religious wants of the patients are attended to. 10th August, 1888. —I spent the seventh and tenth days of this month in making an inspection of this asylum. I was naturally very anxious to find out whether Dr. Hassell was keeping up the high state of efficiency to which the institution had been brought by his two predecessors, and I am correspondingly pleased to be able to affirm that in all departments of its working the asylum is satisfactory. I found the medical care and the physical comfort of the inmates most vigilantly attended to. The discipline and harmony of the staff are admirable. The cleanliness of the dayrooms and sleeping-rooms is perfect, the bedding simple and clean, and the clothing of the patients abundant and suitable, except that a few old men would be better of drawers in the winter who have not hitherto been in the habit of wearing them. The number of patients (inclusive of those at Porirua, 26) are 134 males and 97 females ; total, 231. Of these I found none under restraint; 5 females were placed in seclusion for short periods, all of which were recorded, and for reasons which I approved. Four males were confined to bed under treatment. Forty males and 91 females were confined to the airing-courts. Five females wore strong dresses. I found the numbers engaged in useful occupation to be as follows : in the garden, 53 males ;on the farm, 27 males; in the wards, 56 males and 37 females; in the laundry, 1 male and 19 females; in the kitchen, 10 males ; engaged in sewing, &c, 31 females. There were only 9 men and 30 women who could not be induced or were unable to do any kind of work. The members attending divine service were 37 males and 32 females. The papering and painting so much required in the male and female dayrooms and other parts of the asylum have, for the most part, been already carried out, and will soon be'completed all through the asylum, without employing any outside labour. Some of the stores I found deficient in quality, as, for instance, the butter, which I was informed was from the bottom of a cask, was distinctly rancid. I have taken such measures as will, I think, prevent a recurrence of this. All the books I found carefully kept; and I was especially pleased to find that the new system of checking the consumption of stores is being satisfactorily carried out. All the stock-sheets of the charge attendants I found to be carefully and accurately kept. Mr. Morrison and Miss Linton deserve a great deal of credit for the way in which this department is managed. The branch asylum is well managed by Mr. Wybourne, under Dr. Hassell's supervision. At my frequent visits I found everything going on in a most satisfactory way. The frequent and careful supervision exercised by Mr. Mackay over both institutions entitle him to the warmest thanks of the Government. Nelson. 17th August, 1888.—I have been engaged all to-day in examining the working of this asylum. The number of inmates is 96—males, 55 ; females, 41. I found none under any form of restraint, except one female, who wore locked gloves to prevent her stripping off her clothes. One male, recently admitted from the West Coast, was confined to bed in the padded room, suffering from the effects of solitude and its vices. The large proportion of 33 males were engaged in working about the farm and garden; in the workshops, 2. Four were engaged in the wards, while only 17 helpless men and boys were incapable of doing any work. On the female side, 8 were employed in the kitchen ;in the laundry, 7 ; 10 were engaged in scrubbing and cleaning; 12 in needlework and knitting. Only 4 were unemployed through inability to do anything. In this asylum, as elsewhere, I find several cases who ought not have been here at all, but in a refuge—for instance, in May last, I find that two chronic cases from the Westport Hospital have been sent here who were simply

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suffering from paralysis and senile decay. So far has this tendency to convert our asylums into refuges for chronic cases been carried that, in going over the patients with Dr. Boor, I found only 3 females who seemed to have any chance of recovering, and 6 males. I carefully examined the bedding and clothing, and found them sufficient and in good order. The food was abundant and well cooked, but the roast beef for dinner was not of such a quality as I had a right to expect. I called the attention of Mr. White and the Deputy-Inspector to this circumstance, and I went to the butcher myself and warned him that if at any time there should be a repetition of this I had given instructions to determine the contract. I examined all the statutory books and documents, and found them in order. The case-book is carefully kept by Dr. Boor, and it gives evidence of the careful manner in which the medical work of the asylum is carried out by him. The management of Mr. and Mrs. White is satisfactory, and the comfort of the patients is manifest to every visitor. The staff work smoothly and harmoniously. The order and cleanliness apparent in every part of the asylum are particularly noticeable ; and the impression left on my min<J is that the vigour and care of the administration are very gratifying. Hokitiha. 14th February, 1886.—T0-day and yesterday I was engaged in examining the administration of this asylum. I saw all the patients, and examined every part of the building and the grounds. In every respect this institution is admirably conducted. Mr. Gribben's control of his staff and'his kindness to the patients deserve the_highest praise, while Dr. Macandrew's devotion to his duties, and the painstaking care with which he studies the progress of each case and records it in the casebook, commands my warmest approval. I had the pleasure of being present at one of the usual weekly dances, at which my presence was quite a surprise, and I was greatly pleased to see the hearty way in which the patients enjoyed themselves. An excellent feature of Mr. Gribben's organization of the staff is the fact that the attendants are able to furnish an instrumental band from among their own number. I examined the attendants' stock-sheets, and found them accurately kept. The books and documents required by the Act were properly and fully entered up, and the work of the office satisfactory in every way. Christohurch. 7th November, 1888.—To-day and yesterday I was engaged in inspecting the burned portion of the asylum, and the arrangements which have been made for accommodating the female patients in the Addington Immigration Barracks. I find that the walls of the wing that has been [burned are very little injured. I have, on Mr. Withers recommendation, employed Mr. Hurrell to make a careful examination of the injured walls, and furnish such a report as will enable me to prepare plans for reinstating the building. I desire to state my cordial acknowledgment of the admirable manner in which Dr. Levinge and his staff have met and overcome the manifold difficulties of providing for the removal of the female patients. I found them comfortably housed and clad, while the arrangements for feeding them are such as make it possible, without much difficulty, to do all the cooking at the central kitchen. The work of the asylum is going on quite smoothly; but it is essential that not a day should be lost in restoring the female wing against next winter. 7th February, 1889.—T0-day and yesterday I was engaged in examining the management and condition of this asylum. The number of patients at this date is—males, 213 ; females, 157 : total, 364. Ten males and 7 females were confined to bed under medical treatment. Two males and 4 females were wearing locked dresses. One male patient was in restraint to prevent him from mutilating himself; and one female was secluded for reasons that I found sufficient. Dr. Levinge has always made it a great point of his treatment to have as many of his patients as possible employed in the open air. I found 20 men engaged in the garden, 55 on the farm, 3in the workshops. 65 men and 34 women in the wards, 22 women in the laundry, 38 in sewing, and 9 in fancy-work. The working of the asylum has been greatly embarrassed in consequence of the overcrowding caused by the fire, but the admirable arrangements adopted by Dr. Levinge, and the spirit and energy of his staff, have'so far triumphed over every difficulty. I desire to express my high appreciation of the untiring zeal with which the staff as a whole have done their work. I found all the books and documents in proper order, and, somewhat to my surprise, I found the charge attendants on the female side had all the property in their charge admirably arranged, and were able to produce on demand all articles belonging to any class that I asked for. I have arranged with Dr. Levinge to convert the North House, hitherto used as a doctor's residence, into a cottage-infirmary, under the charge of Attendant Greenwood and his wife, assisted by a nurse. Arrangements are also under consideration for relieving, against the coming winter, the difficulties caused by the Sunnyside fire and the slip at Seaeliff by transferring about 150 patients to the Addington Barracks, winch are to be fitted up for the purpose. The doctor, with great foresight, has made such arrangements as will enable the contractors of the new wing to prosecute their work without interfering with the asylum. I examined the farm and the site of the new farm-buildings, and found that, notwithstanding a partial failure of the root-crops, great progress has been made in bringing the fields into good order. Provision must be made at once for supplying a suitable fireengine, for it is very dangerous to leave the wooden building in its present condition. Seaeliff. Seaeliff, 24th July, 1888.-»-I have been engaged for three days—the 21st, 23rd, and 24th—in inspecting this asylum. The general health and appearance of the patients are very satisfactory. I found them all comfortably clad and shod, and after careful examination I found no indications of neglect or unkindness towards the patients. From my previous knowledge of Dr. King, I was confident that nothing that carefulness and kindness could do would be wanting in his treatment of his patients, and I am quite satisfied that his promotion to Seaeliff Asylum has been amply

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justified. The number of patients to-day in the asylum is 495, including 7 who are out on trial. Of these 309 are males, and 186 females. None were under restraint; 1 male and 3 females were secluded for short periods. I found 3 males and 1 female confined to bed and under medical treatment. Perhaps the most signal improvement which Dr. King has effected is the large proportion, especially on the male side, who have been induced to work. All the males except 48 were out in the open air, or doing some kind of work inside to-day. This makes a very great change in the system on which this asylum is conducted, and it reflects the greatest credit on Dr. King and his staff. No other cause has had so much to do with the greatly-improved appearance and health of the inmates. The whole institution is working smoothly and harmoniously, and the only difficulty now ahead is the confusion and anxiety that will be inseparable from the reconstruction of the damaged portion of the female side. This part, lam convinced, must be pulled down, and the sooner the better, for no one can say what the effect of a heavy rain-storm may be. I found all the books properly kept, except the medical journal, owing to a misunderstanding, and the case-book, owing to the admitted impossibility that Dr. King can, single-handed, overtake it. The ftan operations are in a good state of forwardness for the spring, and show vigour on the part of the manager. 25th September, 1888.—Last night and to-day I made a surprise visit to this asylum, with a view to satisfy myself as to whether the overcrowding rendered necessary by the dangerous condition of the north wing of the building was such as to require additional buildings. lam greatly relieved to find that, owing to the energy with which Dr. King and the matron as well as the rest of the staff have set themselves to face the emergency, the arrangements are such as will enable us to get over the summer without any very great inconvenience or suffering. I hope, however, it will be distinctly understood that on no account whatever must Dr. King be expected to face next winter with the existing accommodation. I made last night an inspection of the whole asylum after the patients were in bed, and found everything in admirable order. One female patient is in seclusion this morning, and 5 males are confined to bed from bodily illness. It is of the utmost importance that Dr. King be informed at the earliest possible moment of the Government's decision regarding the remedial measures to be adopted to deal with the damaged portion of the building, and that, if possible, a definite time be fixed for handing it over for occupation. 2nd January, 1889.—1 spent the whole of to-day and yesterday in examining the condition of the asylum, having special reference to the choosing of such persons as could most advantageously be transferred to Addington Immigration Barracks. lam compelled to utilise this place in order to house those patients who cannot remain at Seacliff during the winter. My expectation of being able to occupy the north wing before winter is now at an end, and additional accommodation must be found both for the relief of Seacliff and Sunnyside, at any rate, for a time. The cracks in the building are, I think, getting worse. lam exceedingly gratified to find that, owing to the unceasing energy and care of Dr. King and his staff, the great overcrowding that has existed since the north wing was abandoned has not been allowed in any way either to disorganise the working of the asylum or relax the discipline. I found all the books and documents in good order. I am very much pleased with the great improvements which Mr. Cruickshanks has effected in the management of the farm. Most satisfactory progress has been made in clearing new land, and the crops promise well. Of the whole 297 male patients, 184 are working on the farm —a much higher proportion than has as yet been attained to in any other of our large asylums. This is the fact of all others that, in my opinion, proves that great skill and patience must have been devoted to obtain such a result. I find that a great increase of expenditure was rendered necessary in consequence of the low state into which the supply of bedding and clothing had been allowed to fall, and it is very satisfactory to find that now the supply of both is ample. Ashbum Hall. 25th July, 1888.—I have this day made a careful inspection of this institution, and conversed separately with every one of the patients. I find one of the female patients so far convalescent that she will soon be fit for discharge. No one is improperly detained. I made careful inquiries of all the more intelligent patients, paid heard no serious complaints. They are treated with very great kindness — well fed, well lodged —the only cause of dissatisfaction being the loss of libarty and the necessity of control. lam always particularly anxious to discover any indications that patients may give of improper detention. With this view, I carefully examined every source of information, and lam certain that nothing of the kind is to be apprehended. Every one of the patients had the opportunity of private conversation with me, and nothing could be more satisfactory than the accounts they give of their experience on the whole. I found all the books in proper order. One patient's letter, which had been detained for my consideration, I forwarded to its address. 30th January, 1889.—T0-day I have been engaged in making my half-yearly examination of this asylum. The number of patients is 14 males and 9 females, also one female out on trial. I saw and conversed with each individual separately. I examined, every room and every part of the institution. One lady patient was allowed to remain in bed for reasons which I found satisfactory. I made a careful examination of the medical history of each case and the treatment adopted, and I am satisfied that the most careful attention is devoted to secure the recovery and comfort of the patients. All the "statutory books arc properly kept. I was particularly pleased to find that no letters written by the patients were detained for my inspection, or that of the Deputy-Inspector. The fact that this is a private asylum, in my opinion, makes it prudent to omit the precautions~which have to be adopted in the State institutions, even at the risk of some unpleasantness to the relatives. The buildings and grounds are'admirably arranged, and the organisation of the asylum as a whole is very satisfactory. I have, &c, D. Macgeegob, The Hon. the Colonial Secretary. Inspector of Asylums,

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APPENDIX.

Table I.—Showing the Admissions, Readmissions, Discharges, and Deaths in Asylums during the Year 1888.

Table II.—Admissions, Discharges, and Deaths, with the Mean Annual Mortality and Proportion of Recoveries, &c., per Cent. on the Admissions, &c., during the Year 1888.

Table II.— continued.

Table II.— continued.

M. F. T. M. 1,053 F. T. 642 1,695* n asylums 1st January, 1888 Admitted for the first time Readmitted 173 42 114 32 287 74 1 » 146 361 Total under care during the year • Discharged and removed — llecovered Believed Not improved Died 116 31 2 78 92 28 2 26 208 59 4 104 1,268 788 2,056 227 148 375 Remaining in asylums 31st December, 1888 .. 1,041 640 1,681 Decrease over 31st December, 1887 12 14 Lverage number resident during the year 1,045 641 1,686

Admissions in 1888. Total Number — ! P* Patients under Care. Asylums. lu Asylums en 1st January, 1888. Admitted for the ij Bn fl m itted First Time. Readmitted. Total. Auckland .. jhristohurch Dunedin (Seacliff) Kokitika Sfelson Wellington .. ishburn Hall (private asylum) M. F. 247 138 214 135 315 186 74 30 57 44 133 97 14 11 T. 385 349 501 104 101 230 25 M. 31 36 41 12 7 41 5 F. 19 30 18 5 31 9 T. 50 66 59 17 9 72 14 M. F. 7 2 12 10 9 11 2 0 3 0 9 8 0 1 T. 9 22 20 2 3 17 1 M. 88 48 50 14 10 50 5 p. 21 40 29 5 2 39 10 T. 59 88 79 19 12 89 15 M. F. 285 159 262 175 365 215 87 36 67 46 183 136 19 21 T. 444 437 58C 128 113 31S 4C Totals : 1,056 642 1,695 173 114 287 42 32 74 215 146 361 1,268 788 2,05i

Patients discharged and died. In Asylums Asylums. Discharged recovered. Discharged not recovered, Died. I Total discharged and died. 31st December. 1888. Auckland .. Dhristchurch Dunedin (Seaoliff) Eiokitika Nelson Wellington .. \shburn Hall (private asylum) M. 18 16 40 5 5 28 4 F. 21 12 19 4 3 26 7 T. 39 28 59 9 8 54 11 M. 8 14 2 1 1 6 1 F. 5 12 1 0 0 9 3 T, 13 2G 3 1 1 15 4 M. 16 16 21 7 7 11 0 F. 9 .1 7 2 1 2 1 T. 25 20 28 9 8 13 1 M. 42 46 63 13 13 45 5 F. T. M. F. 35 77 243 124 28 74 216 147 27 90 302 188 6 19 74 30 4 17 54 42 37 82 138 99 11 16 14 10 T. 36' 36i 49( 1091 23' 2Totals 116 92 208 33 30 G3 78 26 104 227 148 375 1,041 640 1,68:

Asylums, Average Nurober resident during the Year, Percentage of Recoveries on Admissions during the Year. Percentage of j Deaths on Average Number resident I during the Year. Percentage of Deaths on the Admissions, .uckland .. Ihristohuroh )unedin (Seaclifi) lokitika lelson Vellington .. .shburn Hall (private asylum) M. P. 240 128 215 140 311 190 74 31 56 42 135 09 14 11 T. 368 355 501 105 98 234 25 M. P. T. 47-36 100-00 66-10 33-3.3 30-00 31-81 80-00 65-51 74-68 35-71 80-00 47-36 5000 150-00 66-60 56-00 66-66 00-67 28-57 03-63 44-00 M. Fi T. 6-66 7-03 6-79 7-44 2-85 5-63 6-75 3-68 5-58 9-45 6-45 8-54 12-50 2-38 8-66 8-14 2-02 5-55 0-00 7-14 4-00 M. F. T. 42-10 42-85 42-37 33-33 10-00 22-73 42-00 24-13 36-44 50-00 40-00 47-36 70-00 50-00 66-66 22-00 5-12 14-60 0-00 1000 6-66 Totals 1,045 641 1,686 53-95 63-01 57-62 7-56 4-05 6-16 36-27 17-80 28-80

5.—22

8

Table III.—Ages of Admissions.

Table IV.—Duration of Disorder at Admission.

Table V.—Ages of Patients discharged "recovered" and "not recovered," during the Year 1888.

Table V. — continued.

Agen. Auckland. <*g* (Seaoliff). | Hokltlka- ■ ■ I Nelyon. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. M. F. T M. F. T M. F. 1'. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F, T' M. P. T. M, F. T. Fnder 5 years 'rom 5 to 10 years „ 10 „ 15 „ „ 15 „ 20 „ , 20 „ 30 „ „ 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 60 „ „ 60 „ 70 „ „ 70 „ 80 „ „ 80 „ 90 „ 10 1 12 6 18 11 6 17 4 6 10 7 2 9 3 14 10 1 0 2 2 11 11 22 7 14 21 12 6 18 11 5 16 5 2 7 10 1 1 0 1 2 13 9 10 19 15 9 24 13 6 19 7 3 10 2 0 2 10 1 3 2 5 1 0 .1 10 1 2 3 5 6 0 6 10 1 10 1 2 13 2 13 10 1 3 0 3 10 1 112 0 3 3! 9 8 17 19 13 32! 10 0 19! 6 2 8 3 2 5 112 10 1 0"l 1 0 2 2 "2 2 4 2 5 7 10 1 3 14 6 9 15 44 38 82 57 45 102 44 35 79 40 12 52 16 5 21 3 14 10 1 1 "o 1 Totals 38 21 59 48 40 88 50 29 79 14 5 19 10 2 12 50 39 89 5 10 15 215 146 361

I • i , Christ- Dunedin Auckland. church (Seaclift) Hokitika. Nelyou. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. First Glass (first attack, and within 3 months on admission) Second Class (first attack, above 3 months and within 12 months on admission) L'hird Class (not first attack, and within 12 months on admission) fourth Class (first attack or not, but of more than 12 months on admission) Jnknown M. F. T. M. F. T. 17 7 24^21 17 38 M. F. T, |28 14 42 M. F. T. ; 6 3 9 M. F. T. 5 2 7 M. • F. T. 31 25 56 M. F. T. M. F. T. 2 5 7 110 73 183 2 3 5 25 16 41 I 5 4 9J 5 3 8 4 2 6 10 1 8 4 12 10 1 18 9 22 12 11 23 4 0 4 2 0 2 8 7 15 0 2 2 40 29 69 15 10 25 7 4 11 2 7 9 38 21 59 48 40 88 6 2 8 3 2 5 10 1 2 0 2 3 3 6 10 1 37 21 58 3 7 10 Totals 50 29 79 |14 5 19 5 10 15 ! 215 146 361 10 2 12 50 39 89

Ages. Auckland. Christchurch. JBecoverecl rec^.ea | r6 £°La Christehurch. Dunedin Recovered (Seacliff). I Hokitika. I recced j z J™ tea M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. P. T. M. i\ T. M. P. T. From 5 to 10 „ 10 „ 15 „ 15 „ 20 , 20 „ SO , 30 „ 40 „ 40 „ 50 „ 50 „ 60 „ 60 „ 70 „ 70 „ 80 „ 80 „ 90 10 1 2 9 11 10 4 14 2 7 9 3 14 2 0 2 2 13 3 3 6 5 2 7 5 5 10 2 5 7 4 0 4 10 1 3 2 5 6 2 8 3 4 7 0 3 3 112 0 2 2 4 15 6 6 12 17 2 19 8 5 13 2 3 5 10 1 10 1 10 1 0 l" 1 2 0 2 12 3 10 1 112 Oil 2 0 2 1 0 1 Oil 1 0 1 Totals .. 18 21 39 8 5 13 16 12 28 14 12 26 40 19 59 2 13 5 4 9 10 1

Nelson. Wellington. Ashburii Hall (Private Asylum). Total. Ages. Recovered rec^rea Recovered j re0^ed | Recovered' re^md Recovered | reo N° 6 t rea M. F. T. M. F. T. 10 1 M. F. T. | M. F. T. M. F. T. i M. P. T. I M. F. T. 1 0 1 0 2 2 6 8 9 ! 19 30 49 ! 48 26 74, 23 22 45j 13 6 19 3 3 6| 10 1 .10,1 1 1 0 1 M. ¥. T, 'rom 5 to 10 „ 10 „ 15 „ 15 „ 20 „ 20 „ 30 „ 30 „ 40 „ 40 „ 50 „ 50 „ 60 „ 60 „ 70 „ 70 „ 80 „ 80 „ 90 rnknown ' 0 3 3 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 . . i i a 9 3 12 j 11 7 18 7 12 19 1-3 4 7 i 1 2 3 10 1 5 8 18 3 14 11 13 24 13 4 8 2 10 0 3 3 10 1 2 13 2 3 5 0 2 2 3 14 12 3 0 2 2 o i' i : 12 3 1 6' 1 ■• i ! Totals ;28 26 54 6 8 14 4 7 11 1 3 4 ' 116 92 208 33 30 63 5 3 8 10 1 i

9

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Table VI.—Ages of the Patients who died.

Table VII.—Condition as to Marriage.

2—H. 22.

Ages. Auckland. Christchurch. Dunerlin (SeaclifO. Hokitika. Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. H. F. T. M. F. T. 1 0 1 10 1 M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 10 1 112 10 1 8 19 17 3 20 15 11 26 17 4 21 12 4 16 5 2*7 10 1 'rom 5 to 10 years „ 10 „ 15 „ „ 15 „ 20 „ „ 20 „ 30 „ « 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 60 „ „ 60 „ 70 „ „ 70 „ 80 „ „ 80 „ 90 „ oil 10 1 10 1 0 2 2 3 0 3 2 0 2 i 6' i 101 3 14 4 3 7 3 14 2 2 4 2 13' 1 0 1 0 11 4 15 5 16 112 4 0 4 4 0 4 4 15 3 2 5 6 2 8 2 13 2 13 2 0 2 112 3 0 3 2 0 2 3 0 3 2 13 10 1 2 13 10 1 o i' i Totals 16 9 25 11 2 13 Oil 78 26 104 16 4 20 21 7 28 7 2 9 7 1 8

Admissions. Discharges. Deaths. .UCKLAND — Single Married Widowed M. F. T. 27 7 34 10 11 21 13 4 M. F. T. 19 14 33 4 11 15 3 14 M. 8 7 1 2 10 2 9 5 6 Totals 38 21 59 26 26 52 16 9 25 'hbistchubch— Single Married Widowed 23 16 39 25 17 42 0 7 7 18 7 25 11 17 23 10 1 6 10 0 3 9 0 10 1 1 Totals 48 40 88 30 24 54 16 4 20 )unbdin (Seaoliff) — Single Married Widowed 27 5 32 21 21 42 2 3 5 28 10 38 11 9 20 3 14 13 7 1 2 15 4 11 1 2 Totals 50 29 79 42 20 62 21 7 28 lOEITIKA — Single Married Widowed 11 2 1 3 14 2 i 0 1 4 1 1 2 2 0 6 3 1 5 1 1 0 2 0 5 3 1 Totals 14 5 19 6 4 10 7 2 9 Jelson— Single Married Widowed 9 1 0 2 9 3 5 1 2 1 7 2 5 1 1 0 1 0 5 2 1 Totals 10 2 12 6 3 9 7 1 8 Wellington— Single Married Widowed Unknown 30 7 37 15 29 44 3 2 5 2 13 17 7 24 12 25 37 3 14 2 13 4 3 2 2 0 2 0 0 4 5 2 2 Totals 50 39 89 34 34 68 11 2 13 lShbubn Hall (Private Asylum)— Single Married .. .. Widowed 2 3 0 4 4 2 6 7 2 2 3 0 2 4 6 9 2- 2 0 1 1 Totals .. 5 10 15 5 10 15 0 1 1 'OTALS — Single Married Widowed .. .. ... Unknown .. .. %'• - 129 42 171 77 86 163 7 17 24 2 i a 93 44 137 - 43 71 114 11 5 16 2 18 41 8 49 29 •11 -40 6 7 18 2 0 2 Totals .. .. 215 146 361 149 121 270 78 20 104

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10

Table VIII.—Native Countries.

Table IX.—Ages of Patients on 31st December, 1888.

Table X.—Length of Residence of Patients who died during 1888.

Countries. Auckland. Christclmrch Dunedin (Soaclifl). Hokitika. Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylurn). Total. England Scotland .. [reland .. STew Zealand Australian Colonies France Germany Norway Sweden Denmark My Uhina Maoris 3ther countries M. F. T. 109 49 158 22 10 32 54 35 89 21 19 40 10 1 3 0 3 3 0 3 2 0 2 3 0 3 10 1 M. F. T. 89 63 152 27 17 44 66 46 112 13 9 22 2 2 4 10 1 5 0 5 112 M. F. T. 78 41 119 76 63 139 72 66 138 9 6 15 4 3 7 2 4 6 6 4 10 3 0 3 9 0 9 5 0 5 7 0 7 16 0 16 M. F. T. 16 7 23 12 3 15 21 17 38 6 17 112 M. F. 1. 21 13 34 2 3 5 16 11 27 9 11 20 0 ~2 2 Oil M. F. T. 49 32 72 25 8 33 39 33 72 4 13 17 3 0 3 M. F. T. 8 3 11 4 2 6 1 *3 4 1-2 3 M. F. T. 361 208 569 168 106 274 268 208 476 63 62 125 12 8 20 6 6 12 26 8 34 6 1 7 17 2 * 19 11 4 15 12 0 12 25 0 25 11 0 17 55 22 77 5 '6 5 7 '3 10 l6l 2 0 2 3 14 3 0 3 4 0 4i Oil 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 3 'i 4 0 3 3 3 0 3 9 5 14 12 6 18 10 1 2 13 14 6 20 11 9 20 15 1 16 10 1 2 '6 2 Totals 243124 367 216147 363 302188 490 74 30104 54 42 96 138 100 238 14 10 24 1,041 640 1,681

Ages. Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin R n i-jtiltn (Seacliff). HoJatifca. Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. m. ¥. r. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 1 to 5 years 5 „ 10 „ .0 „ 15 „ 5 „ 20 „ iO „ 30 „ 10 ,, 40 „ iO „ 50 „ iO „ 60 „ >O „ 70 „ '0 „ 80 „ 10 „ 90 „ Jnknown 0 2 2 1 0 1 3 0 8| 20 16 421 63 33 96 69 31 100i 50 23 73j 20 12 32| 5 4 9: 1 1 2^ 5 2 7 i' 1 1 2' I 1 0 1 ;| 4 3 7 34 21 55 .' 39 44 83J 60 40 100J 1 60 26 86j 11 10 21j 5 2 7 3 2 5 8 4 12 26 26 52 87 47 134 87 70 157 70 32 102 16 6 22 4 15 10 1 10 1 2 13 4 3 7 9 3 12 30 15 45 23 4 27 4 0 4 0 2 2 10 1 2 0 2: 7 9 10: 9 10 19, 22 13 35 10 6 16 3 3 0 0 11 2 2 4, 112 16 17 33 44 26 70 33 26 59; 21 14 35, 10 4 14 4 5 9 112 6 4 10! oil 2 2 4 4 2 6 3 4 7 3 14 2 0 2 2 3 10 4 18 10 115 94 255 165 304 199 237 106 66 35 18 15 3 2 13 8 5 14 28 209 420 503 343 101 33 5 21 10 1 1 3 3 I Totals 243 124 367 216 147 363 302 188 490 74 30 104 54 42 96 138 100 238 14 10 24 1,041 641 1,682

Length of Residence. j Auckland. | $*** Dunedin (Seaclifl}, Hokitika. Nelson. Wellington.! I Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. Under 1 month 1 to 3 months .. 3 „ 6 „ G „ 9 9 „ 12 1 „ 2 years 2 „ 3 „ 3 „ 5 „ 5 „ 7 „ 7 „ 10 „ 10 „ 12 „ 12 „ 15 „ Over 15 „ Died while absent on trial.. M. P. T. 2 13 4 15 Oil 10 1 Oil 2 13 M. F. I. 10 1 3 0 3 10 1 10 1 10 1 4 15 2 0 2 M. F. I, 10 1 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 10 1 2 1 3 4 2 6 112 M. F, T. Oil M. F. T. M. F. T. 10 1 112 M. F. T. M. P. T. 4 2 6 9 2 11 7 4 11 4 0 4 3 14 9 3 12 10 3 13 10 3 13 2 0 2 3 2 5 -4 15 3 3 6 7 2 9 3 0 3 112 1 0 1 112 oil 10 1 2 0 2 2 0 2 1 0 1 10 1 2 13 3 2 5 1 'i 2 0 11 0 11 112 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 10 1 1 '6 1 2,1 3 10 1 12 3 2 13 2 0 2 1 '6 1 1 0 1 10 1 Totals 16 9 25 16 4 20 21 7 28 7 2 9 7 18 11 2 13 Oil 78 26 104

11

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Table XI—Length of Residence of Patients discharged "recovered" during 1888.

Table XII.—Causes of Death.

Length of Eesidence. Auckland. Christ- I Dunedin church. (SoacliffJ. Holritika. Nelson. I Wellington. Ashburii Hall (Private Asylum). Total. Jnder 1 month i'rom 1 to 3 months „ 3 „ 6 „ ,, 0 „ 9 „ „ 9 ,,12 „ „ 1 „ 2 years .. „ 2 „ 3 „ .. „ 3 „ 5 „ .. „ 5 „ 7 „ .. „ 7 ,,10 „ .. „ 10 „12 „ .. „ 12 „15 „ .. (ver 15 M. F. T. .'.' 1 '2 3 ..1437 ..i235 ..246 .. ; 7 6 13 .. 0 2 2 10 1 .. 10 1 °'i 1 m. y. t. 2 3 5 4 2 6 2 1 3 5 3 8 2 2 4 10 1 0 11 M. F. T. 5 1 6 10 2 12 9 3 12 5 5 10 12 3 5 4 9 112 112 10 1 10 1 10 1 M. F. T. 4 0 4 0 11 Oil Oil 112 M. F. T. 3 1 4 112 0 11 1 0 1 M. F. T. 4 3 7 5 7 12 8 8 16 3 4 74 0 4 2 3 5 112 M. F. T. 10 1 12 3 0 3 3 10 1 12 3 M. F. T, 12 7 It 28 16 44 24 20 ii 16 10 32 10 12 22 16 14 3C 3 4 7 2 2 4 2 0S 1 0 1 2 1 g 10 1 .. 16 12 28 28 26 54 Totals .. I 18 21 3940 19 59 5 4 9 5 3 8 4 7 11 |116 92 201

Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin (Soaoliff). Hokitika. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. Causes. Auckland. Nelson. i ", I M. F. T, ! II. F. T. 10 3 13 Apoplexy .. .. ..Oil 10 1 Cerebral atrophy .. ..101 10-1 Cerebral effusion .. ..101 8 2 10 Cerebritis .. .. ..112 2 2 4 Epilepsy .. .. 5 2 7 Exhaustion from mania .. "2 0 2 7 2 9 General paralysis .. ..224 2 0 2 Meningitis .. .. ..101 5 0 5' Paralysis .. .. ..202 10 1 Suffocation during epileptic fit .. 1 0 1 011 Broncho-pneumonia .. 2 0 2 Chronic bronchitis .. 10 1 Congestion of lungs .. 10 1 (Edema of lungs .. 0 11 Emphysema of lungs .. ..011 7 3 10 Phthisis .. ..011 3 0 3 Pneumonia .. .. 10 1 Anasarca .. .. .. I 0 11] Patty degeneration of heart 2 13 Bright's disease .. ..101 0 11 Exhaustion from vomiting 10 1 Gastro-entorifcis 10 1 Intestinal obstruction 10 1 Strangulated hernia Oil; Strumous disease .. ..Oil 11 5 1G Senile decay .. .. ..'426 112 Heart disease .. 3 0 3 Died while absent on trial M. P. T. 3 0 3 M. i\ T. G 2 8 31. F. T. 10 1 M. F. T. M. F. T. M. V, T, 3 0 3 12 3 8 14 10 1 Oil 10 1 .10 1 112 10 1 1 0 1 10 1 3 0 3 i 10 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 1 0 1 3 14 2 13 2 0 2 101 [10 1 10 1 1 0 1 | "' 10 1 Oil Oil 0 "l 1 ; 1 0 1 1 0 1 10 1 I 10 1 10 1 4 2 G Oil 2 0 2 I I 2 0 2 ! oil 1 0 1 78 26 104 Totals .. .. .. 16 9 25 16 4 20 21 7 28 7 2 9 7 18 11 2 13 0 1 1

H.—22.

12

Table XIII.—Causes of Insanity.

Total. Causes. I i i i a Christ- Dunedin Auckland. ohnroh , | (Seaclifi). j Hokitika. Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). M. V. T. 5 0 5 M. F. T. M. F. T. ! M. F. T. 12 0 2 II. F. T. 10 1 M. P. T. M. F. T. 2 0 2 M. F. T. Accident 4 0 4 Adverse circumstances 3 0 3 10 1 2 0 2 Atheroma 2 0 2 10 0 10 Brain disease 4 0 4 6 0 6 0 16 16 Child-bearing Oil 0 5 5^044 0 4 4 0 £ 2 0 7 7 Climacteric Oil 0 2 2! Oil Oil 0 2 2 10 5 15 Congenital 112 5 2 7 0 11 2 13 10 1 10 1 2 2 4 DebilityOil 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 Diabetes 10 1 2 13 Disappointment 0 2 2 10 1 5 20 25 Domestic troubles 0 2 2 2 4 6 18 9 2 13 0 5 5 35 6 41 Drink 4 2 6 7 1 8 12 0 12 "3 0' 3 9 3 12 $ Oil 10 1 10 1 2 3 5 .8 8 16 Epilepsy 2 3 5 2 13 I 0 2 2 0 2 2 Excitement 5 16 Financial difficulties .. 3 0 3 | 0 1 1 2 0 2 2 2 4 Fright i 1 1 2 112 10 1 Gastric irritation 10 1 Oil Grief Oil 10 9 19 Hereditary 3 14 0 2 2 7 3 10 Oil 0 2 2 Oil Hysteria Oil 2 0 2 Love 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 Malnutrition 10 1 10 1 6 2 8 Masturbation 10 1 I 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 0 2 2 13 4 Mental anxiety o i i ! i o i 0 2 2 2 0 2 Moral depravity 2 0 2 Oil Ovarian disease Oil 4 15 Overwork 10 110 1 Oil 2 0 2 112 Paralysis Oil .. 10 1 0 3 3 Physical causes 0 3 3 ! 6 6 12 Recurrent mania 6 3 9 0 3 3! 15 5 20 Religion 4 0 4 1 1 2 I 3 1 4 10 1 6 3 9 Oil Seduction Oil 6 3 9 Senile decay 2 13 3 2 5 | 10 1 10 1 Softening of brain 10 1 5 3 8 Solitude 10 1 2 2 4 10 1 Oil 10 1 0 2 2 Sunstroke Oil Oil 3 14 Syphilis 10 1 10 1 112 0 3 3 Uterine disorders 0 3 3 68 32 90 Unknown 2 13 14 13 27 ill 4 15 5 2 7 2 0 2 24 12 86 "5 14 5 19 10 2 12 215 11G 3C1 Totals 38 21 59 48 40 88 49 29 78 ;50 39 89 5 10 1,

13

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Table XIV.—Former Occupation of Patients.

Total. Occupations. Auckland. Cliristchurch. | (Seaclifl). Hokltlka-; Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). M. F. T. 3 0 3 4 0 4 2 0 2 i 7 0 7 4 0 4 i 10 1 4 0 4! 1 0 1 ! 2 0 2 3 0 3 3 0 3 10 1 1 0 1 | 10 1 17 0 17 6 0 0 10 1 10 1 10 1 7 0 7 6 0 6 10 1 3 0 3 10 1 10 1 4 0 4 69 0 69 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 14 0 14 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 5 0 5 10 1 10 1 1 0 1 | 3 0 3 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 13 0 13 Males. M. F. T. 10 1 2 0 2 M. F. T. M. F. T. 2 0 2 2 0 2 M. F. T. ! M. i\ T. M. F. T. M. F. T. Bakers Bootmakers Bricklayers Carpenters .. ■ .. Carters and coachmen, &c. Clergyman Clerks Compositor Contractors Cooks Commercial travellers Dairyman Engineer Engine-driver Farmers and runholders Farm-servants Fisherman French-polisher Gaol-warder Gardeners Gumdiggers Hawker Hotelkeepers Interpreter Iron-moulder Journalists Labourers Lineman Locksmith Merchant Messenger Miners Newsvendor Painter Pattern-maker Quarryman Rabbiter Riveter Schoolmasters Seamen Shepherd Shipbuilder Stonemason Shopkeepers Surveyor Turner Tinsmith Unknown Wheelwright No occupation I i '6 i I i '6 i 2 '6 2 2 '6 2 10 1 10 1 3 '6 3 10 1 ! 1 0 1 10 1 1 'o 1 3 0 3 10 1 .. 10 1 .* i '6 i 1 '6 1 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 1 '6 1 10 1 10 1 3 0 3 i "6 i 7 0 7 10 1 4 0 4 2 0 2 10 1 2 '6 2 3 "o 3 •• 10 1 1 '6 1 10 1 3 0 3 6 0 6 10 1 3 0 3 2 '6 2 1 '6 1 10 1 1 '6 1 10 1 18 0 18 7 0 7 2 0 2 13 0 13 5 0 5 3 0 3 10 1 27 0 27 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 7 0 7 3 0 3 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 4 '6 4 10 1 1 '6 1 1 o" 1 i "6 i .. 2 0 2 •• 10 1 10 1 10 1 i 10 1 10 1 10 1 3 0 3 3 0 3 10 1 2 0 2 3 '6 0 10 1 0 11 0 1 1 I 0101101 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 11 0 3 3 j 0 24 24 0 2 2 0 9 9 Females. 0 11 0 11 0 15 15 Barmaid Companion Domestic duties Dressmakers Governesses Hotelkeeper Prostitutes Servants Unknown No occupation oil 0 2 2 0 20 20 Oil Oil 0 23 23 Oil oil 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 31 31 0 'i 1 0 "8 8 0 "l 1 Oil 0 11 11 0 2 2 0 4 4 0 3 3 0 2 2 0 6 6 oil oil 0 'i 1 oil 0 "l 1 215 146 361 Totals 38 21 59 i 48 40 88 50 29 79 14 5 19 10 2 12 50 39 89 5 10 15

14

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Table XVI.— Average Cost of each Patient per Annum.

Table XV.—Showing the Expenditure for the Year 1888.

Items. Auckland. Christahureh. Dunedin (Seaeliff). Holritika. Kelson. Wellington (in- ■ eluding Porixua). Total. I & s. d. £ s. d. ■£ s. d. £ s. d. | & s. d. & s. a. & s. d. 1,000 0 0 808 18 6 659 6 7 325 0 0 2,492 18 10 487 18 4 348 13 8 12,538 15 10 12,613 4 4 1,659 10 5 4,773 8 1 141 0 3 55 10 8 737 10 7 4,804 15 11 Inspector* Medical fees* Contingencies* Visiting Medical Officers Superintendents Clerks Matrons Attendants and servants Rations "* Fuel and light Bedding and clothing Surgery and dispensary Wines, spirits, ale, and porter Farm Necessaries, incidental and miscellaneous 500 0 0 91 13 4 10 7 0 2,790 7 5 2,929 9 1 357 3 1 881 12 10 22 17 10 5 16 0 212 1G 8 345 0 4 60o' 0 0 180 0 0 2,50l'l9 7 2,749 5 1 514 9 11 645 5 3 46 5 6 28 4 0 40 3 9 1,076 4 0 I 567 14 10 j 146 5 0 I 100 0 0 I 3,393 14 8 3,377 2 9 317 17 6 2,211 7 7 36 11 8 i 8 9 S 406 17 7 2,040 5 1 12,606 6 4 2,113 18 3 125 0 0 300 0 0 85 0 0 954 3 4 I 800 9 3 ! 9 10 9 198 17 11 5 2 0 3 17 0 S 200 0 0 146 13 4 70 0 0 852 19 2 868 0 6 99 15 9 272 2 1 4 4 11 9 4 0 40 8 1 178 8 11 378 10 8 70 0 0 I 83 6 8 ! 2,045 11 8 1,888 17 8 360 13 5 564 2 5 25 18 4 •■ 245 6 9 I I 37 4 6 919 10 10 Totals .. Kepayments, sale of produce, &c. 8,147 3 7 1,352 16 5 8,381 17 1 2,142 7 2 I 2,727 7 0 201 11 5 1 2,741 16 9 1 673 19 4 6,373 16 2 1,408 13 2 43,445 12 0 7,893 5 9 Actual cost I 2,067 17 5 4,965 3 0 35,552 6 3 6,794 7 2 6,239 9 11 10,492 8 1 2,525 15 7 * Not included in 'able XYI.

Asylums. Provisions. ! Salaries. Bedding and Clothing. Fuel and Light. Surgery and Dispensary. Wines, Spirits, Ale, Necessaries, Incidental and Miscellaneous.* ■ TotalCost per Patient. Bepayrnent for Maintenance. Cost peiHead, less Repayments. Cost per Head previous Year. Decrease in 1888. Increase in 1888. Auckland .. Christchurch Dunedin (Seaclifi) .. Hokitika Nelson Wellington £ s. a. 7 19 21 7 14 lOf G 14 9§ 7 12 5| 8 17 If 8 1 5i £ s. d. 9 4 4J 9 4 lOf8 7 llf 13 18 10f 12 19 0 11 0 3J £ s. d. 2 7 11 1 16 4J 4 8 3| 1 17 10J 2 15 61 2 8 2£ £ s. d. 0 19 5 1 8 11} 0 12 8i 0 1 10 1 0 41 1 10 10* £ s. d. 0 13 0 2 7i 0 1 51 0 0 llf 0 0 10J 0 2 2J £ s, d. 0 0 3f 0 17 0 0 4 0 0 9 0 1 10J £ s. d. 1 10 41 3 2 10| 4 17 8i 2 6 8J 2 4 8 4 1 91 £ s. a. 22 2 9J 23 12 2^25 3 3 25 19 6 27 19 7 27 4 9i £ s. d. 3 9 11 5 10 6i 3 15 10 1 18 4 6 11 2 5 13 lOJ £ s. d. 18 13 2 18 1 8§ 21 7 5 24 1 2 21 8 5 21 10 11 £ s. d. 21 1 5 21 11 7 23 1 <H 28 4 6 25 1 6 24 6 7 £ s. d. 2 8 3 3 9 10f 1 13 llf 4 3 4 3 13 1 2 15 8 £ s. a. Averages 7 11 10J 9 14 llf 2 17 5 10 0 0 1 8J 0 0 8 3 6 Si24 13 5 4 6 9| 20 6 11 22 12 3 2 5 7j * Include; fann. *

15

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Table XVII.—Expenditure, out of Immigration and Public Works Loan, on Asylum Buildings during the Financial Year ended 31st March, 1889, and Liabilities for the same.

Table XVIII.—Total Expenditure out of Immigration and Public Works Loan, for Repairs and Buildings at each Asylum from 1st July, 1878, to 31st March, 1889.

[Approximate Cost of Paper.— Preparation nil, printing (1,400 copies), £11 14b.]

By Authority: Gbobgb Didsbury, Government Printer, Wellington.—lBB9.

Asylums. Net Expenditure to Slst March, 1889. Liabilities on 31st March, 1880. uiickland Wellington ) 'orirua f ihristchureh )unedin (3eaoliff).. felson s s. a. 3,205 4 2 £ s. a. 129 4 0 16 8 4 453 16 8 3,943 15 5 2,876 14 1 200 0 0 „ 11,938 10 10 924 0 10 Totals 10,242 2 C 13,445 12 10 ♦

Asylums. 1878-83. 1883-84. 1884-85. 1885-86. Auckland Wellington Wellington (Porirua Itoad Asylum).. Christchureh Dunedin (Seacliff) Napier Hokitika.. Nelson £ s. el. 32,205 19 2 13,706 2 6 £ s. a. 9,341 7 G 4,633 3 1 2,750 0 0 8,584 9 1 32,128 5 8 £ s. a. 3,216-14 6 1,204 16 9 £ s. a. 138 6 3 Or. 16 10 0 35,972 13 9 54,621 9 10 147 0 0 1,042 18 10 852 13 7 5,490 7 10 15,080 4 0 2,131 17 2 1,729 5 6 609 13 5 16 11 9 7 15 6 Totals 4,007 6 2 ■ 138,548 17 8 58,046 18 9 24,992 3 3 Asylums. 1886-87. 1887-88. 1888-89. Total Net Expenditure from 1st July, 1878. Auckland Wellington Wellington (Porirua Road Asylum).. Ohristchurch Dunedin (Seacliff) Napier .. Hokitika.. Nelson £ s. a. 2,728 7 4 241 1 10 1,466 7 0 6,107 2 7 1,744 15 11 & s. a. 11,474 18 9 £ s. d. 3,203 4 2 £ s. a. 62,310 17 10 I 1,381 2 7 16 8 4 25,382 12 1 9,868 19 5 176 2 1 3,943 15 5 2,876 14 7 72,099 5 8 100,356 17 7 147 0 0 1,059 10 7 3,282 13 7 *l,406 11 1 +206' 0 0 200' 0 0 Totals 23,107 2 10 10,242 2 6 272,638 16 11 13,694 5 9 * Includes £100 chari ;ed as unauthorised. t Includes £200 c: larged as unauthorisei