THE JUDICIOUS USE OF LIME.

Waikato Times, Volume XXXVI, Issue 2908, 5 March 1891, Page 4

THE JUDICIOUS USE OF LIME.

Wiii;.n J lirst .i.-'kcii yon th ,, .->pace you have ho kindly arcouled me, my object was to show, as far as I was ablo, that with the advent of -milieial manures lime fell into disuse, and wroi:,i;fully so, from a fanner'■) point of vivw. I Ihiuk that J .:in not called upon to cll'er any apology to the farming; public for haviiu; asked i.lic'ii to entertain this subject seriously. I tiiou»ht- the better way to do this was t.o contrast artilicial manures with lime. I havo been told that no sueh contrast can be iniide : neveit-hi.-U'H", I Ihinl; it- i; clear that the farming public rontidered iirlilii-ials were to do the work ol linn:. Nothing baa nppeired that I know ot in tiiu lilcralnre attached to artificials ealru'alod to lead to a dill'erent eonchiKion. It it, were othevwiae, why did the general bi'dy of farmer.-i give up the uao of lime when artificials came into existence? When lime fell into disuse though such a cause;, and when we now need to retrace r-.ir filfp.-s, after yee.r.3 of experience, I lhml;:-i it shows that u euntra. t was ntcessavy, and useful, too. It ii true that no definite rules e:;u be laid down for the use of lime, but there are funeral physical condition.-; which poin: ii)»ly to the necessity for it.-jii:;;j, alihoupli the f|!iautity mißt be k> a !;rial: i-xtcut, lie left to tin; individual farmer to determine. Tli.. , of these must alwr.v.-- pio-.o ir-li •'. "!u ;-.ful to OVI-γ;.- , '.!.'!'-!! , !-. of agricultural ■~ ii i-..c. I'h'-ri! e:m b , : no b.-tcor w,>y i'..,,u.l by v, liieh to iii'iiv.. , :ti. sound conciii' -ij;i L ; in! sucli i.-uaie*'i.;-,n !liroii.:h the i-o'umna ot a wi-h ly nad \ a■:cr, 'null as

y.-.'n■!. .It is for tlii; p-.u'ii 'Inn I an; Mill !niiii!''.i U> iu'i yvii: , fiii-i-lxl , l'avutu', iiml to iii-k u phicc iu your culuiniiy for iny vicwii. H i~i iii)]H).s>iblc to :i].f.njach 111': con.:i(lrialiiii of the ji il:c iuus 11 ■•_■ of lime v.itiunii. .x'ting t!)u ini|.'Oi-tai.'C; of a rd'iT- • ■\\:v in the ireolnjioiil iiati'.j'u of soils. This luadf) ua'ln look at the intlueiico of primitive Htruiit'irts which imoupy s'i i:on.'iidui - iiljl'j :i portion of our planet— iiiuiiely, rocks, It is not necessary that we should go : : .o f-ir back as the fermation of tlicin, wliieli aI. Lent is a vexed (|iie.-;l ion. \Vc nvnl not mind uhctlur ihoje l.old and .striliinj; furinatioiisjiuv the ic.jiil! mule of an injueou.-! t'rin i'.n j..-l!ii;ji, HOI' is it ri-tl we .'..lioilld ■ the Hitoiy i.i ';iM-l d'.-.tiitiu. W u liavn our I'l;-. !■. ■\rl !-,ii!- vidLys, J. :i |'i(.n >• ; .■ ■ . ..::.! .■ !-..:. ;-. ' : ..;ia^, .mil l< 1- ;jr ;, L :''' i . ii- ■■- L-.--:-aii'J]lo ... : -i ..iii;-.-ili m. ■i■ •• » :■: .L" K..1.-11. in .1 ■■!.'.. 1, 11,-' 1 , .- j- ; ':, ■1. i.'; i:,Lj n.itlll'c l ; ,e livl: !-, .\•1. :, ■ i:i .1 l.irii'.ii'.j pi.iint of vi,-v,-. 1. , .-.-'. . ii.'v.cvrr, lnMj Ivjcii «.--1; i -'..-I ..1 I.■ ij., ;i ;.',-.i, and tiioiu.rh pi'cjuni-

al'!\ n!'.' i-innu'jii iJii;,iii, they dilicr inuoh in liu'ic pliy-iic.il coM.liii.;:i • and the

■ iieiniciil piuporliun of thine cli'-ieutu, I'lKin the granite to the ih;:lk. 1 i;il'"!-c:i'.

■ iithey .ire in tlioinselv.'.', t!io tuila wiiicli overlie il'.>':ii aiu lu'iililil-i'.nt :,lili; 0:1 rcissucli ,1 wrjiiiloi'iul null-lice :,p'.,n .-.cia. tii-.-y iiaiur.illy hec/nc iutrri'stiir; to the I'.l'liii'i , . Tlu ti'.iiiiiti''!ii r.f tiiL-.e i-tuUri t.i; ins an imri'irlanr ii.Mtur:.: in t'.'.i.- v;diii-

c !■'.:. i. ;.n I an inlinniu l;nu\vh\l'.:e oi -■i ■.] ii.>:v .iti'.'D i i :i!'-:o!n'a ly )■ t<: ':::■ ! wliiiT. "' I<• t:m- pvo'j.-i-itor • ■ ;; ■!, :-u'i'"'.'Mi!. toil, tiidiijli :■ •■ . ,'. i::-: , . <:■ m:; in :o\i:!i", ami ':i■_• !■.illr; i> :!' ii i! - : !.j. . :.;.iiV to tin , pnidliclini! ..; .•.■!.-i!.- •■:" ifi- l-arl-v , lvp..\ Til- ..auda";.. in-iii-.V-j .. I'.ih- -...il, 'bat tic: .-.w0.-iriv.---,- ef the !in!''.',toiic. ii in:' 1 -: up i'l We." dc.;ii- 1..V lunr ;;iii:.; ;i pit iri:-,'! .• :;;■ ply el v.'.Hcr. tin I,me:,lotie I '~..!! ~:/jV i; to lie ill." li'.i'j'. i"f ii ..nil ii>!i ; .1 .■ : ;• ml swev-i l.;ii I lie del':, lit ot i)ui i' 'in (lairv opil !l!i ' ■' I'.iri'i.i 'I'lr.il V ■■;..- ,: iii : ' ::i;M li.il'.- • ui v.ii)]!'.: iir-.ivi. ..I I i lili!\-,...i:ni: i" ;i \ci)' 'Vjlii i'.nil i-i.'iiiU-.j lnl.urc, ui. U'-v., ili'v Hint inun: I'l'.iiliic.tivi", until t i-'V inn ~.';it ml,. . h:i:k '. All .wile v. ill .lliU-r m<:. Ii 1 ■;,.■>■:: Pi ill i". !:!•.• in ittul «!ii.;lt U'.'.v Lv:iLriM ;• ii.^' llic |.l-j.;c:;^. ; 'J I .:iiUi-v.:'J,'.|i. Ti,,: , i:: , !)-, ii! i; .■ : I ,crult!:riuc:.,n.i! !■.. .P.- .■:■,.■. i ■. if l\:uUj\l l!iU fact li. :t nil lulil.l .1 ::i'.i\ A;'-Ji.iulu life iiuvo livu.l i.ml i!i-.l t;,■■,■.. V.jinni;:.-. V. ill be fiHiiiu in ;;;■. a' ■.;? :ii.:ii;,l-li;il.-;Sh; ot-iRT 'O:: 'l |: . ~ ■ii .if.-.-.-. -.villi tliiit m;i.-i-:--s-\ry y,:i o. ■--•:r-,-\-ji luriii'-iitatioM, v. Inn ii-jr::: — ■.- i.!-.r l.;r j:l u..- ...I lilr. an.l li'. : \i i' i; i , . • :'. .1. in. , : ]■■.'! t.t:n:'jof r<!iy:-].. :'. ■• ■ ii. : "■ '. •''''■■ ■-'

/ ■.v/. , ■" ■■/.". ■;', r P,'jr,D:-'t;° : ■ . . -. 1 .;■.,.:.■. .■.:, •mi ■'■■ : :.'■ •■■■■ '.. '■ ■■ ■■,■■,: : p" !'•- ■' w.,i '.! !, ■ ■:. i:i: .::■ -!'y i.'.i'i-t I'n 1 , it ; V( ,;,! ; ~ , ; .-,. .„, ..., ,;ri:,i . ::<:■.,■ : ~ , :,d ui'i- ' ■■; :i f-iii to Or- ..'re:!'! I. ' I);.' ■■!:-< .. ,V 1 . :.:■>■ .■■ ;■:.■ :■> •!:- l-.::.i t ~ 1! V,r U;i,.: ;,.-( '■ ' i 11' p;-<; -need li\ l::'i iud:'^tiy Hl.ir ; !:i--l;.nd n.r.iid mean taxini.' tl:< in-li-it, rnfi.'i tMimU-ly lor Sir Ceoi'ire's ai'L'Uir.''iil: !, i J ): ; not the <:?■■<>. The unimproved value "i the land (w!,i-h is -|I -Mr l'.allanee jiropo-es iolax) is created by the the I'M ■■■ "> v oi p'ipul'ition —every nnn who !-,:te.i-s liie colony--every child tint i; born in i:. tends t" tai.-fe that vr'lueindep.'iidi:!!! of the iii'iHtry or even will of i!s owni-i.-i, and «■ ie the «ho|- of tlv.t value apr.i'.inii'itcd by tin , S;-.le, the land owner's'ind;:-'.ry wiuM s! : .!l be mi-t..-ci d -he ■.'."ui ! -:i:l n tain the full product of hi- hb.,11!-. A!t, IL - 'i.e.- Sir (Jeoi'fic ap|ie:.r. t-> ii.ive. cmiiLiy mii-nndei:-tood tin , p"-;:ioii ial.-n up by tin: landlaxeiv. L.i , s;>\.; ni.thifL' abuiif tli'. , sy.-.tt-iii, but ei.:.l!M.-.! hiin.-ell 1-, il.-f.'iiiiio L r the niLii. lie upbraid- Mr I'.-ilaiue v itli bavin- applied " ir.ailtiii.:; epith-t; to (.-entlenn-'i wi-o lw_- befoicthe bulk of th'j settlers of to-'iny dieamrd of encounteriii;,' the and privationa of New Zealand a.i it then was, by courage and industry settled the country and

paved tin: way tocoinpn-rativcseeurity and com foil." All this may sound «-cry well, but it will scarcely nnki- converts ; it is not a ilr.-iLi'ee of landowning but of landowner-; : not an nlUek on tlic kind-tax lint on land iiM-, and it would only be wa:'te of tiin-j to answer it. Sir Ccnrge \\ iiilinoiv evidently thinks that land !-peeula!ion i. a i;oo'.l thing. Me speaks ot "ccniliMiien wh'.v- investment of their capilil in land for viar.s providud the rcvuir.in to i!.-v,-!one the fwiur« of tin: eoi'.'iiy. ' I - i-' evident from tliis tint Sir (ioorye thinks lint l.ind i.-; a tliinij to be got rid of :;:> ijuidily a-j pos.-Mblo that it is a biinh 11 Jo ti.e i-'il'-uy, and if il could all be told to li.v Clubo AsduU C-impany, or a inreel 'i J/ ndon capitalists, to much the b.jt;..•:•. 1 li.; ;:ca! for the 1-ind-owi!'i-r; incii-.! .'■-. a: he |in;teeil:-: ''It is still t':t.ir itiiln. !ry which canii.. the load of tl.e M'h'iic colony 011 its back," This is really a little , too ;:ood ; they pay iiroji.-rty '. ix at tho rate of a penny i'i tii" '.', ar.l ihi:< is niiitrnitied into l!:e biirdi-::-. of the " whole colony, ' in one ; !.:e it -ei.-ma pay taxes, the kind ou ui:i- pay.-, them all, :'<i* niakun one winder why tiiey r.ve so afraid of tlic

.':inj,'le-t;::c, to Sir Cleoi'gc they paj°it alnadv. I said that the land owner's l'lndeti.: amount to n penny in the L., but llii-i fine:.-? not apply to all huiiowm-r:', many of them cultivate their land, and thereby add to the colony's wealth, bud this is evidently regarded as a crime, by thcpirty to which Sir O=ors,'e belongs co'n«.(|Ue!itly they proceed to fine them ; they are compelled to pay Customs duties on their food, on their implements in fact on almost everything they use very often at the rut'! of -0 per cent., and moreover their piopc-rty tax is suimi-.arily increased : nil this til , : fanner pays, but he pays it as a land user, he may or may not lie p. l'Hid owner, a fact which Sir Cleorfre ignores. Many of our largest land owners are absentees, why pay no Custniici duties, they escape with a penny in the ii. Many of these, "gentlemen" Inve never seen the colony, and never intend t.o, nevertliele-j the skill and industry of those who do live in the colony and labour en the land whether ownini; it or not, will constantly tend to raise the value of these estates, and the absentee will pocket the value which has been thu.-i created, will call it his and of eour::e it would in: uimiiucatiiii Lo touch it ; besides, it would be so unjust to the funnel , I lint, says Sir George, " it: is still their industry which is beariii'.; the burden of the whole colony on it-s bn'. , -.-:.' . One wonder.? what their industry ia, but peilwps he of hi.: fiiends will expliiiu. The Dul:e of Westminster is a fair sample of the elnso to which Sir George W hitmore refers as bearing the burdeiiß of Llse v. Ik>lc eolcr.y; he i-j i< landowner pine rtial siiiip!- , , he pojl.eis hi; income of £'20 p r miiiiLt-j, t-leepii't; and w.ikiut:. ye ho " tui'a not. in i:her do-.:-; !r; i-pin, 1 ' iieitiicr d.'l hi-- iVithtis bi-lure him, yet the income is there m.d all produced by labour, fur iiiivincs do not ~ not even fnrad;:ke. Tha'; prrlion "of the Clobe it seems was created especially for him and his "luiii and for ever,' , cojif--cij'.u:ntly his t< pants—the slarvint: ])opiilation of l,oiidfjii--iiiut:t "shell oi:L " fur the privile»o of using it. It is the p.:pn!aiii:u of London, not the Dnko of Wcstminyter, who have given that land its unimproved value, neverthck'f.s the population of London must pay the Duke the trifling sum of II I,ooo'a day lor the privielege of using it, and Sill-. Whitmore evidently thinks ii. urn'..; li'.'bt that they should do so.

Jicnt l- produced by tin- people ns a whole, every iiieiiil.".-r ul the eoMniunily CuntrJuutto hij ; and LOmmou l'jiul-. .■.!::! .."'i.m'in i'I.Ml-o :ibkc di-inniul thai. :'l Jr. i:ld b ■ !i' ,:icd a-; i.aliuiiiil pv..i.,it-. ; biii. 10-.[.:; J. ol tin- ehiM-j v.lio have .-u" i-.m; il, and who bavu in niai'ij- L-a>i::i iiia\u huyo iucuincs iYi.iii il wilhuut i-uiiti ibntiii;,' one iota to the national w.alth, tot.p-cakof that class a:j l.i.'iiii,- il! ii.-cd and over!iiii"dei!cd is si;i!pl\ i! , , , - oli'ii-i , ; nf ,-ih.:ii:'dity and will nul bt-ar tii- li.'ht < t" d;iy fora moment.- - 1 inn. i--.-. ,1 1-I.IAN. I'.iriiviriu-.i, L'.-:h I'dj.uary. I\U.

(M.i-i-.i.it!.j and i'.itli h-ul a li!k, tho oilier '!.iv. .'iid ill- y ii.-cil iu CD , .! - . t'i';i ifion the tv.-.i v-.ii'.TS lh:r were <.-ii- v. iho most luilliMiir in the \v,,,M Mi- ( Had , turn' has

!;.il! 'd.';'■:■! .r 1';! Ill,: I: > t''V the l-ilful'y rill Jf •■f hi. V.,;,:- (.-, t,f hi, i,,|, lk.;t :l lul his i-"..vr-irr,l i-n.iiiran. , '-. IV.tl. v,-.i..es are n iini" w-i-n. (:'iM,U!,.. r .. v,-i!! bo cifshlyiiii ■y r "i 1 iu ;: iVw w< rk<. I'atli is Mill iu I'..- f.'t Li•_■ -. 11 v, ill Like her tome