FARM, GARDEN, AND ORCHARD NOTES.

Waikato Times, Volume 2620, Issue XXXII, 27 April 1889, Page 2 (Supplement)

FARM, GARDEN, AND ORCHARD NOTES.

<> The Butter that I'avs.— It is tin; same with butler with ail oilier products, a uniform quality coupled with quantity will alwy\s create 11 market demand. I'V.BD THE Calf WELL. — Saint feud means a sc-mt calf, and Willi such calf a scant cow is the sure result Tho eiif must hive the right feed tn luuld U(i a sound body. with snlliuient I ■ t j 11L'. Makes in l'(i.\ t. — Marcs in foal should inu't.' exercise and moderate work, and under no circumstances should they he subjected to harsh treatment, nor should they he allowed to go where th<-y wouhl he ill danger of being frightened. I'uorj Fuu I'oakh. — All emineut pig breeder says that they should he fed only on such food as that will grow muscle or bone —nothing that will fatten should he given, as it is the vital powers that need to be strengthened Thus, wheat or bruu should be pan.of his food. TfUN.si'i.AN'TiNU. — In transplanting trees or plants of any kind, ad the roo'.s that have become bruised or broken should be cut out clean The tops should also be cut back in proportion to the amount of root priming that is done, it ii an injury to the plant to set out with more or less bruised aud dam aged roots. J3ikds i.v Confinement. — Fowls in confinement need a variety of food, and ono of the most important is green stuff of some kind. We find a good thing to give them is oaten hay or green lucerne, three times a week, well steeped in scalding water. This is bulky, and hens need this • too much solid food tends to fat'en, and wheu hens take on fat they geueially ceasn to lay. Preventive against Rust. — The following preparation applied to the surface will prevent rusting of plough or any other metal surfaces: — Melt one ounce of resin in a gill of linseed oil, and wncn bol mix with two quarts of kerosene oil. This can he kept on hand aud applied in =i moment with a tirusli or rag, Pkki'akk Plans Beforehand. - Get in the habit of planning your work ahead, but do not make your plans so rigid as to be unwilling to change tlism to suit the weather. Often in a single hour you may find it necessary to entirely remodel your plan of proeedu:e. The more thought and intelligence you put into farming, the more pleasure and profit it will aSord you. Insects anu the Soil.—Prof. Feknald is certain that land which are said to be run out are very often | rendered so from the numerous insects iu them rather than from the poverty of the soil. He has known many cases where grass lauds failing to yield a fair crop were broken up and cultivated for a time, aud laid down again with but very small applications of manure, and yet a large hay crop followed for several years. He cannot rid himself of the conviction that many of these cases were due to the work of insects more than to the poverty of the soil.

Pot Plants. — The greatest enemies of plants in pots are want of drainage and sour soil. Thesfl induce tho presence of insects. Perhaps the one is the cause of the other. Many people do not see the necessity for drainage ; they do not juider&taud why careful ga'deueM put ull the bits of crockery iu the bottom of tho pot. In the same way the same people cannot see why fanners and gardeners go to- the expense of putting iu drains. One cause of sour soil is too large a pot ; another is over watering 1 a plant, keeping the soil iu an everlasting state of slop ; still another is potting the plant in soil or compost, which is too close aud binding, and which does not allow the water to percolate through. Use as small pots as the roots wiil allow. Give too much drainage rather than too little. Once a year is often enough to repot.

Tin: Mrui Supply of Chicago.— Chicago has long been reifuicLd as the greatest centre in America tor grain, lumber, pork, railways, and numerous other interests, but few are aware that who can lay claim to being the greatest milk centre in the country. The average can total daily receipt, of milk is 10,000 cans. As each cau holds eiirht gallons this will represent 320,000 quarts per day, 2,2-10,OBOquarts per v. eek, and 116,480,000 qaarts pel year—a verita"le river o! lifej auJ more than tbe city waterworks cnuiti pump n» t-weuty-fi'.ur hour*. The receipts of tho Chicago and North■ We.itei n Koad alone for milk freight average nearly '250,000 dols. per year, A very : »raileofmtlk will contain aoout i' 2 pt-i cent, of solids—namely, fat, caseiuo, sugar, and salts—and 8S per cent, of water ; hut Chioago'e supply average? for the year a trifle over 13 per ceut. At Shermmville, Illinois, about an hour's ride from tho city, is located one of the !-irsrest dairy farms in this section, if not m the country. Tbc herd con-ists of about '235 well-graded cattle, although not containinu auy ot what might re called " fancy " stock. The farm compi iso* 700 acre-, aid .1 of this, with the •-xception of it little lim'.er land, is used entirely for pasturugi ot rai-ing fodder fur tho herd. Give tiie Horses : 'i.us: iv. Kat. — When spring work be.-i"-. there is <■■•.!oh a hurry that the tempm: ■■ <jet the horses to the held .ias-i n ,i» nave swallowed their grai r.i. ton ju ' -

few mouthfuls of hay. JS''thing < g.ine:; hy so doing. It is whi-u the- horses arc first put to hard work —Severn exercise takes fioin the diges'ire orjj.ms the energy neidr.d [or the digestion of large quantities of food—and put on full feed, that indigestion most often begins, And indjgestiou at this time means loss of appetite, colic, rough hide, los 3 of flesh and weakness later on. If the horses are given their grain mixed with their stover, out, and all moistened, and .ire allowed time to eat it, and a half hour afterwards for rest and digestion, they will work enongh faster and harder to make up the time, will not stiller from indigestion, and will keep in good condition. The horse should bo given full ninety minutes for its noonday meal. It needs this time for both res l '- and digestion ; and in the end time is gained by uriviiifjr it tho ninety minutes. It' tlie hon-p has been at very .-ever« work, it is well to let it rest fifteen minutes before giving- it auy food. The stomach is iu no condition to receive food immediately after severe exeniuu. It uiust be taruo in mind that what is severo labour to the horse, the first two as the plough or harrow, will not, be so later. At the beginning its muscles are soft, andlaboov is njoro severe upon it than may posed. Observance of this am] aire in watering and feeding, with iimo triven it to oat and partly diytar. its food before being put to woyk will avoid use of 1 eonditicm' pnwders and - tli-r nostrums, and a;'a much better, whil. beinir innxnensivo.