RELATIONS OF STRAW AND DUNG.

Waikato Times, Volume XXIII, Issue 1938, 6 December 1884, Page 4

RELATIONS OF STRAW AND DUNG.

Thk common estimate is that one ton of straw used as litter will make three tons of manure— that is to say, the straw will absorb twice iis own weight in water. Taking the \ nine of the dung at 5a per ton, this gives los as the mammal value of otic ton of straw, which, for feeding purposes would he worth three or four times that sum. Adding the solid excreta ol the faun animals to the soaked litter, wo shall find there aie about 4 tons of manure pioduced for evciy ton of diy straw used as litter. It has been found that a horse produces in solid manure and urine threefourths its weight of the food it consumes. A well fed hoise will givo 9^ tons of solid and liquid manure per annum, and inquires 2\ tons of straw ; so that altogether it would make in a stable 12 tons of m.inuie per annum. An ok or cow consuming 1£ ewt"». of glass or roots daily will yield 140 lbs of <-ohd and liquid excrement ; adding 24 lbs. of •straw daily for litter, the whole weight of manure pioouced by a cow or an ox will amount to 163 lbs. a day. With a less propoi tion of green food and more of diy food less inamiic will be produced, but of a better qaality. An ox or a cow fed in the ordinary way on hay, oilcake, or corn and turnips will produce about 12 tons of manure during the seven winter months: and, if foddered in summer, about 7 tons more, or nineteen tons per annum. In practice, however, the greater part of the liquid cxci eta is lost both fiom the stable and the cow house, and can never be leckoned iv the weight of manure produced. It is not very wide of the mark to say that the weight of manure that will be produced by consuming with stock in the yards an acre of turnip crop will be 6 tons, and that an acre of green clover similarly fed will give bl,b 1 , tons of manure, an acre of pasture gives 5 tons, an acre ©f wheat straw 4^ tons, and an acre of barley or oat straw 4 tons. From the foregoing data let us see how much nianiue 100 acies of good arable land will produce in a year. It w ill produce 7) tons per acie, and, piovided a proper propoi tion of green ciop is observed, it will not vaiy gieatly by slightly altering the rotation of cropping. Thus, on the Noifolk four eouise we have — An acre of wheat equals i\ tons of clung; an acie of turnips equals 0 tons; an acre of barley equals 1 tons ; an acie of ulo\er equals 5 V tons, or four acres producing 20 tons, which is at the rate of 5 tons per acie per annum. This is exactly the amount we have set down for pastmnge, so that a five-coin so rotation with tho l.md two years under seeds, or any further extensions of pastiuagc, would not affect tho above t'btimate in the lcist. These hgines airi'de with our own experience. They i\ui aKo bu coi roborated from many souices, but one \wll do. Mr Moiton, wilting on the W h'tticld example ium, sajs, 240 acn'sciopped as follows: piodnced upwards of 2 000 cubic \aid\, of dun_', or, s.iy, 1,200 to ],300 ton:, annually. Now, if «c woik o'ifc the ax i % ia<_ f c pi od action heio as we base done in tho otii«r ease, it will be found to give \eiy nenly the same icsult 1,200 tons on 240 acits, is exactly h tons on an acre. We may, then, conclude that 100 acres of good aiable land ought lo pio lueo 500 tons of dang annually. — i\u nici b' Gazette.

A lvrck niigation scheme is about to be sot on foot in South Australia. It is proposed, by means of a company, to lease 25,000 acres of land on the Murray, and ldise water up the Murray cliifs by means oi tut bine watei -wheels. It is belitAed that sufficient watu can be supplied at the uti' of fiom 3s to 4s per acie. The iirigatc 1 land is to be subdivided into .50 and 100 acie faims. The fiist year's expendituie is estimated at £18,000, and the leturns at nearly £3,000. Tiiu Oiu vr C\n \ls or Tin: World. — The Impel idl Canal of China is oxer 1000 miles long. In the year I(J81 was completed the gie.itc-,t undei taking of the kind in Em ope, the Cinal of Luiguedoc, or the Canal dv Mdi, to connect tie Atlantic with the Mediterranean ; its length is MIS miles. iL Ji is moie than 100 look's and about fifty aqueducts ; and in its highest put it i<. no le-,s than GOOtt above the sea. It i.s na\ it,' ible for vessels ofupwatdof 100 ton-.. The laigest ship canal in Em ope is the Gteat North Holland canal, completed in 1525 It is 12 If I wide at the watei suiface, 31ft at the bottom, and has a depth of 20ft. It extends fiom Amstei dam to the llelder. fifty-one mileo. The Caledonian Canal jn Scotland, lias a total length of sixty miles, including tlnec LiK.es. The Suez Canal is eighty miles long, of w Inch sixtysi\ miles aie actual canal. The Ene Canal la 'V)o\ miles long ; the Ohio Canal Cle\ eland to l'oi tsmouth, 832 ; the iMiami and Eiie, Cincinnati to Toledo, 201 ; the Wabash and Ene, Evansville to the Ohio line, 374. The Sue/ canal is 20ft 4in deep, 7'2ft .lvi wide at bottom, 32'tft wide at watei «ui face. The Panama Canal is to be ATt\ miles m length. Th 3 Bad and Worthless are never m?i>'/((if or loiuilo fi itul Tin's js especially ti ue of a family medicine, and it is posili\e pioot that the lemedy vmt'itcd is of the highest \aluo. As hoon al-ita 1 - it had been tested and pio\ed by the whole woild that Hop Bitters was the ■v\ as the pin est, best and most \aluablv family medicine on eaith, many imitations sprung up and began to bteal the notices in which the pi ess and the people of the countiy had expiossed the merits of H. B. t and in every way trying to induce suifeiing invalids to use their stufF instead, expecting to make money on the credit and good lMine of H. B. Many otheis staited nostrums put up in similai t-tjle to H. B, with variously deused names in which the word "Hop" or " Hops ' weic used in a way to induce people to believe they weie the same as Hop Bitters All suth pietended lemedios or cures, no matter what their style or name is, mid especially those with the word " Hop' 1 or Hops'' in their name or in any way connected with them or their name, aie mutations of countci feits. Bewaie ol thun. Touch none of them. Cse nothing but genuine Aineiicaa Hop Bittcih, with a bunch or cluslei of gieen Hops on the white Libel, and Dr Soule's name blown in the class. Tmst nothing else. Ui legists and Cliomistt aie warned niramst dealing in imitations of caunteifeits.