OCCUPATION AS CONFERRING NAMES.

Waikato Times, Volume XXII, Issue 1861, 10 June 1884, Page 4

OCCUPATION AS CONFERRING NAMES.

j ! .'t —— * •AMbsb iri'dustues i .volved in tho provision of clothing we may properly speak first ot those connected with the manufacture of wool, the or ginal great staple of thu country, the conversion of which Into tbxtilo fabric has exerted, as needing a hitjh degreo of skill and patience, a lmjf inHuence on the nation.il piogress. To comb out the tangled fibres of the matenal is an early and important process in its manufacture, aud the registers show in their name-columns many Combers and Cirdera whose ancestors performed this task. It is now executed, mot as it was in the days when theso names were first ac-juned, by human hands, wielding combs of bone or metal, but by steam-impelled machines, furnished with delicate steel points, which do thoir duty with maivellom precision and despatch. The fust ending machine in pi esent use is known as the " scribbcr," .md hence some oceupa tive descriptions that would be piu/.ling to the uninitated, as " scnbbing ovei looker,' which woms as though it miglit be applied to a village schoolmaster. 'Hie surname Spiuuei, to hornet with in our records, ukea ma sti^fiirbher in the mauufaetuic. That docile and surefooted servant of man, the "self-acting mule," now doe;, this woik for his master, and only needs, like other beasts of burden , to be fed and " minded.' Whan we compaie the " self-actor minder' of conteiupoiaiy Yoikshirc registers with the " spinner" of the middle ages, we find but little lesemhlancc between the actual duties of the two, and tho diffeient rates of progress in the spinning operations under their respective chaigcs is astonishing. " Every spool"— that is, reel— " and spindle of a self-acting mule may be said to repieseut one ot the oldfashioned spinning-wheels, except that the produce is ten times greater ; and as mules with two hundred spindles are common the work of one of these machines equals that of two thousand hand spinners." The Webbs, Webbeis. au.l Webgters so olVn insciibing their patronymics in the reaislei books, have been shown to be the p'logeny of the middle age weaveis, who worked, of couise, with the band-loom. " Powei loom weavers is the pbiase denoting the parallel occupation now. The Ifuilcis, too, are the recognised descendants of these medi.cval toilcH whose labouis it was to pound the woven cloth, so th.it it might be compactly felted and the Walkeis bear denominational testimony to the ancient practice of accomplishing this by means 01 ticadmg. The thickening 01 fulling-mill is now to a great extent superseded by a machine thiough which the web, saturated u ith soap and water, is drawn, and in which it is subjected to great pressure. The descriptions " tea/le merchant," " tcadle labourer," &c, lead us to say a woid about the cuiious vegetable piodtict that is employed to raise a nap 01 pile upon the cloth. The tea/le has been used for this pmpose from earliest times, and it is a fact ol inteiest in indnstualhistoiy that, even in these days elaborate mechanical invention, no 'efficient substitute can be devised for its hooked and elastic points, which lcsUt and yield exactly in tho degree lcqniied It is believed that the " Teaxek-is " of former days give their designation to lamily nomcncLitiue, but that^it had been mcigcdinthc name of Taylor. 'Die neatest appio.ich to " Tea/ler " tliat we have found among mode, n surnames is Tisler, which, however, occuio in suspicious proximity to the (Jemian Ti-chlcr, which may, perJiaps, l)e meu'ly an Anglicized veision of that name. Teasel i-> to be seen in the regiStoi^ a-, a cognomen. There would be ]ii° d'lhculty in accounting for the title on the supposition that it K-fened to the the plant ; loi in oulcr to do so, we should only lm\c to imagine it as originally refemd by way ot nickname on some" unauniablc and ii ntatin^ peison. Uut we iiiohiio to the belief that Teasle is a loc\l '-uinaine in disguise, vi/., Tees dale, winch In i u-,tic pi (inundation, -would become 'lccVle, as (Jusdale, in Yoik^..iie, became <! us'le nii't Uof-p^lalo, in Suffolk Botc-. lc. Tre-dale exists oogliomuiaUy ii otlu-i onnpt foim-i w Im'h lead e,ibil> on to Teasel ; among them ate 'LVasd dcand Teasdil. The " handlesetter "' of Lu-ds iegi teis is the worker in the woollen trade wlio now ariangc* t!ie Tea/le foi use, setting them -divided into halves— in the frames prepared to receive then. «o that a large sut face of their spin s my be b 1 ought to bcai up on the cloth on wlncli their teaming action i^ lequiicd. Select. ng from among niir.y moio ie«istcied de^cuptunib indicating minute subdivisions of labour in the lattei piocesscs of woisted and woollen manufiictuie, we pa=s to the somewhat enigmatical dcscuption, "pieco-peicher." This designates the man employed to examine pirccs of woisted or woollen goodb befoie they are finished foi sale, in Older that any impel fett'ons of mamitactiuc may be detected. He throws the end of the "piece" tube insrect d over. a lollr-r, popularly [ -t) led a " perch," w Inch is suspended in a stioiiL' light, and, diawingthe material omwuds by means of this lollcr, exam. nes it as it passes down befoie him. Wo have of course, no surnames to pioduce answciing to occupations at this, or they belong only to the highly developed labour s> stuns of the modem age. The cognomen Tavjor, whitli was just now mentioned as hiving absoi bed the " teazleis ' of foimei dajs, hi ings us to the final applicition of wool to the backs of mankind. We shall only stay to mnaik on the pi esent huge employment of female l.iboiu m tli" making up of the " leady made" cloth clothes with which most of our fellow-countrymen are obliged to content themselves. Tho lc^isteis say comparatively little about tho occupation's of women, but they aie not pntiiely silent on the subject, and at Hcbden B.idgc, Colchester, and many other places they point cleaily to the fact that nearly all the females of tho lower classes are tailorcsscs.— From 11 Trades, Ci aft s, and Callings, Old and New," in the Gentleman's Magazine.

Wiieu' Should be Eatkn as it Gkow^. — Evciy physician in this country (America) who is posted on cereal foods know that wheat, as it grows (except tho skin), contains move nutntion th.m any other food, either cereal, animal, or vegetable. It wa 1 * intended that we should eat wheat as it glows, as we do an apple or a potato, all but the skin, but there has never, recently, been known any possible mean ; or way to make all the wheat fine; but the millers have given us nothing but " the beautiful white flour," from which the best or most nutritions part of the wheat is eliminated, or to, called "graham" flour, a name, title, or brand which cavs-cs a multitude of sins. Most ot the "graham" flour sold in this country is nothing but a mixture of the lowe c t grades of white flour with bran. No physician who is posted on cereal foods and knows the merits of the entire wheat flour will ad\ ise any one to eat "graham" flour, while e\eiy physician in this country and England, who Ins seen and knows what it is, uses and recommends the entiie wheat (lour, which fact is explained fay a shoit statement of the way it is made, viz : The wheat is fiist cleaned lin the usual way, then it goes to a machine which takes off the skin or husk ; then it is reduced, not ground, by the regular 1 oiler pioccss (except purifiers) : then, after the separation by bolting of the bran fiom the white flour, the bran is reduced by special machinery ; {! then by a system of spouting the bran "9,nd white flour is brought together and •«jnixed ,in exactly the same proportion " that existed in the berry. The flour is ] Sfs6t 'only »m'ch )»ore nutritious than any Mother, but will assin-i ato with the wenk- '■ t¥jsfc; stomach, because ib is fine and con- >' K 3Njftins all tho g'u>n and phosphates there to wheat, which can be said of no Iflotb^r flour in the world. It is cheaper any otljer because it jnakes so much IPjfto&.bydad, TVhieh' is explained "by the SjjjfW '$ porosity,— D?, Tqqkeb,