The Waikato Times AND THAMES VALLEY GAZETTE.

Waikato Times, Volume XIX, Issue 1644, 18 January 1883, Page 2

The Waikato Times AND THAMES VALLEY GAZETTE.

Equal and exact justice to all men, Ot whatsoever state or persuasion, religious or political. Here shall the Press the People's right maintain, Unawed Iry influence and unbribed by g.un.

THURSDAY, JAN. 18, ISB3.

The holiday season is now practically over, and it is, perhaps, fitting that we should dwell a while on the reflections which are suggested by its close. It is patent to everybody that the passenger traffic on. the railway during the past few weeks i has been greater than at any previous similar period. Not only is it true that everybody in Waikato who could spare the time and the money went to town to spend both, but large numbers of Auckland people, seeking change of scene and air, have this season resorted to this part of the colony ; so that there has been a continuous stream of travellers up and down. The railway is indeed fast gaining in popularity, and when the branches at present under construction are completed, we may expect to find it has greatly increased in public favour. The opening of the Rotor ua road will serve effectually to induce the main body of Lake tourists to take the ' overland route in preference to undergoing all the disagreeables connected with a sea' voyage in a steam-propelled cockleshell. All this means, of course, that tlio revenue of the railway will be greatly augnionted,,bufc it ought 1 'to mean a great deal more. Hitherto it seems to have been the , maiii, >if not the sole object of the Department to show as wide a contrast as possible betwejen the receipts and the working 'expenses of the lines,' and of course so long as the Railways are regarded 'in the light of money -.making machines; ' *athei 4 'than ' public, cdhtenjgn'ces, such a practice has everything to' .recommemliti I Buj; th,erej jsjno; longer any just reason why tne railways' should' be so < dea?TWhifp ( th^ amount' bi traffic" 'tty'jbfr jdbue' was; ra)ilw,ay; bJM L fexiafa,wJbefore, jand, \ mean* fiimys&gPt^~uWfiß /.nothiiig^ . fcttfe rightitliat'W^r/dimW^p^dfbe^ 'Qliarffod.^'o^ rate'^sudDttCieiiuj^at 1 .

trade botwfeoi^ tTii,s district and its -entrepot, AliclclJniß^ J)ut it was '£oHtf s hampered ). by the inelnciendy of ft«o mentis employed, iiiuVivltenj tkfii railway nofc only the business more oxpoditiously but' for much loss money, it was hailed as a boon and a blessing. Now. however, a different kind of traffic altogether has arisen.^ It has been created and brpught to its pro-; sent dimensions by tlie railway, and can only be increased by the same agency. For want of a better name we will c.ill it the casual passenger trafKc' Up to the 1 present it is needless to say that the class of casual, passengers is chiefly, if -nofc entirelye composed of peoplo of means. The railway fares, however moderate they may appear by comparison witn the coach and steamer charges of other days, are yet too high to permit of frequent travelling, except on business. In the primitive times, of course, we never travelled unless we were on business. It does nofc require an extraordinary amount of wisdom to discover that this casual passenger traffic of which we speak might be increased enormously by a little judicious management, by placing the means more within the reach of all classes of the population. We are not pre- ! pared to altogether endorse the scheme proposed by Mr Yaile, as set i forth in a letter published in these columns a few days ago ; so large a subject as that opened up by our correspondent demands the most careful consideration, but that something in tho direction indicated requires to be done is only too patent. We have treated the question briefly in one aspect, that relating to the passenger traffic, but there can be little doubt that a reduction in the present rates of freight, and a modification of the absurd classification tables at present in use would produce results little contemplated.

CiiKiSTCHUROH is a remarkable place in some respects. It is no f ed for being the raising ground par excellence of the New Zealand larrikin, it owns a philosopher who believes the world is flat, and it is the proud possessor of the Lytklton Tana. But as if its cup of happiness was not already full enough, a new light has arisen to gladden the hearts of the dwellers in the cathedral city. This gentleman's hobby is the prevention of cruelty to animals, and in pursuance of this he inveighs against the sin of destroying sparrows and their eggs, I# Spero Meliora" (so he signs himself) is surprised that the Legislature should with one hand pass an act for the prevention of cruelty to animals, and with the other bring into extistence a barbarous measure like the Small Birds Nuisance Act, and claims for the little feathered pest that they have done good service in keeping down the caterpillars and grasshoppers. A practical farmer writing to the Tones thus alludes to Mr '*Spero Meliora:" '* I should like to see him come into the country for the benefit of his health, and at a great expense and an endless amount of toil, cultivate a tasteiully laid out garden, procuring nothing but the choicest fruit trees and seedlings, and then wait a few years with the hope of realising the fruits of his labours, and being able to say to his friend over the first tli&h thereof, "All ! my own growing ; nothing like it." I would then like to ask " Spero Meliora" if, in the tenderness of his heart, he would be prepared to give up this pleasure and luxury to the small birds, and let them revel in the enjoyment thereof at his expense. I fancy, Sir, I can see him now raising his morning cup of coffee to his) lips, and as suddenly putting it down again to knock a fly off his nose, and most probably in doing so bruises one of its legs. Such barbarous brutality ; I cannot endure it, Sir. He ought to be severely punished by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, for is not the fly one of God's creatures ? And what does he do with a flea when he is sharp enough to catch one ? Would lie not instantly crush it to death ? And is not this another of the dear little creatures also ? In all seriousness " Spero Meliora" may have taken up this subject with the very best of intentions, but in all his doings and writings, in appealing to the feelings of his fellow creatures, let him be reasonable."

Miss Cussen, Hamilton, has been appointed assistant teacher at the Hamilton East school, vice Miss Steadman, transferred. It is understood that Judge Fenton lias been appointed manager of the great English Native Lands Company, organised by the Bishop of London and others. Mr Fenton was a passenger to Cambridge by yesterday's coach. Mr John Sheehan, M.H.E.. returned to Waikato on Tuesday, and proceeded to Cambridge to attend to his duties at the Native Land Court. Large numbers of persons interested in the proceedings of the Court have arrived during the laafc few days. The usual monthly meeting of the Piako County Council vas to have been held at the council chambers, Cambridge, on Tuesday l«st, but owing to the unavoidable absence from the district of a number of the councillors the meeting lapsed for want of a quorum. The meeting was adjourned for a week. In our last issue we announced an accident which had befallen a number of I Mr E. B. Walker's cattle at Monavale, but we were not then in receipt of any authentic intelligence' on the matter. It appears the cattle gob into a deep 'ditch when in search of water, and were unable to get out again. Those behind j crowded after the leaders s6 fast that the latter were smothered before , they could get out. Eight were found dead in the ditch. ' i An awful catastrophe ; has occurred at Berdiehev, a town in' Southern Russia. During the performance of a circus a fire broke out and spread with great rapidity. ' On account of' the great J rush the exits, were blocked, and a .large number of /people,, w^ire" trampled under foot. A cable message received yesterday morning states that the number of killed was fully 400. The dreadful event is second only iri magnitude to the destruction of the ! Bing Theatre at Vienna in Since the re-opening of the Native Lands Court at Cambridge' oh Tuesday last, Cambridge has again assumed a Saturday nigKt appearance; The natives, have ' gathered . in once /more 1 to discuss; their titles, and among tupse* already . arrived'there'is a l ' considerable aramber 'of strangers, 1 ' including > about' twenty who (arrived from > <WeUingtoii oob Tuesday morniug. .' TheinumberlessJittle^o^estiCf broils, i,the> ipublic-thouse > hkk^ f f, t aflfL - defiant (arid 1 / wclcbming'jdejmonst'rations,, characteristic .of the race,-arb, ,as lively a* ever. 'To the strange® visiting? the, distrietin search; of, noveltyJaudX,cneap' entertainment^ jjfe'&a^ a| 'Sojourn' ln^tK^^towK^of^Kative Jjjj&oa^ o|jgii^^^;

A challengsfaas been received {by the secretary 6f< the Waikato CricKet Assricjtotktn froin^tfie.cap^ainjjof thd Ytfajroa(p{cvm)| now in Auckland, recftiestiiig a idatcli betwedh the tapte/eleveiuiu<|'a picked lie yen lof W|ilsatoj> butsp the chasenge,y\vhich was trausraitteiljby telegraplr, "was' 'n6fc serit*'to the Telegraph Office until late on Mondajr evening, it was not received in Hamilton until Tuesday, and as it required the match to be played on , the following Thursday, the brevity of the time precludetl the necessary arrangements being completed, and,' consequently, the match could not eventuate. Forty - five years ago (says Chambers' Journal) a steamer named the Great Western lay, fitting out in the harbour of Bristol. She' was of no great size according to our ideas, being only 212ffc. long ; but the eyes< pf ,the mercantile world were directed to her, as she was the first steamer built for service on the Atlantic, and the interest was all the greater that the question was not, How long will she take to make the voyage to New York"? but, Will she manage to steam across the Atlantic at all ? There are still among us those who can tell of the eager expectation with which the result of the attempt was awaited, and the rejoicing that took place when the news at last reached our shores that on the 23rd April, 1838, the Great Western had arrived in safety at New York, ' and that the great problem of ocean steam navigation was solved. The step about to be .taken by the Cambridge Domain Board by fencing in lot 17 of the recreation reserve, adjoining the property of Mr Taylor on the what has for years past been a great Victoria road, is destined to abolish nuisance to the town. Hitherto cattle have been allowed to run on the town for the payment of £1 annually. The tinkle of numberless cow bells during the still hours of the night is anything but pleasant music to the ear of one exhausted by a hard clay's work, or a long journey. We have often heard of people riding and driving into the town at night stumbling across cows lying in the middle of the street, with anything but pleasant results. Whenever the allotment above mentioned is fenced in, it being at present laid down in grass, the board will let the enclosure by tender, and all the cattle at present grazing on tne run will have to be turned in here, the owners, of course, paying the lessee of the ground the annual tee formally paid to the board. It will be seen from the report of the Pukekura native ejectment case, which appears in another pait of this issue, that the case, having lasted for a number of weeks, has at last been brought to a close. Nineteen ot the accused have been committed to take their trial at the sitting of the Supreme Court, Auckland, in May next. The decision is that of Mr Northcroft, K.M. Mr Wells, who had sat on the bonch since the opening of the case, was for discharging the accused, and, we are informed, insisted on expressing his dissent from the decision arrived at by the Resident Magistrate, to the Court. Mr Northcroft, however, contended that as he was senior justice, anything regarding the decision of the bench had to pass through him, and that, consequently, Mr Wells could not speak his mind to the Court as desired. Mr Wells being placed in this positiou, declined to go on the bench, if he was expected to be party to a decision from which he differed, as he would have to sign the bond of committal against his own private convictions. Mr Nortlicroft resumed his seat on the bench by himself and gave judgment, Mr Wells leaving the Court. Mr G-. Walton, Cambridge, writes as follows, on Monday:— "To the EditorSir, in the cause of justice I think it is only right to air a case which came on for bearing at the Police Court to-day, before Col. Lyon and Mr Wells, J. L\ I was summoned to appear at 11 a.m. to answer to a charge of assault. The justices had finished one case, and appeared to be in a hurry to get away, for Mr Dyer had to beg of them to stay and hear the one in which I was interested. He (Mr Dyer) promising to be as brief as possible they consented to hear it, so Chas. Hassett, the plaintiff, was called, and put in the box to state what occurred. After bearing bis version they dismissed the case as frivolous, thereby causing me to pay the expense of a lawyer and two witnesses for ordering a man out of a hotel for not paying for his drink after he had, got it. I think that gentlemen who take upon themselves the duties of justices of the peace should have a little more patience, and not dismiss a case without hearing both sides of a question, and putting defendants (as in my case) to the trouble and expense of getting a lawyer and witnesses to attend the Court. For had the case gone on there in not the slightest doubt but that the plaintiff would have had to pay the costs on both sides." The annual meeting of the committee of the Hamilton Band, which was called for < Tuesday evening in the Volunteer Hall, lapsed ,for want of a quorum, the only members present being Mr R. Gwynne, trustee, and the secretary. Still, as there was a full muster of the baud, and the whole of the instruments (22 in number) were accounted for, Mr Gwynne took the opportunity of addressing a few words to the bandsmen. He said his reason for calling the meeting was to ascertain in whose hands the. instruments were placed, in order that the public might know something about them. There waa gtiU a debt of £5 owing on them, and he' would like to see the balance paid off, so that the band would then be free from debt. Owing to ill health, be did not know how long he should be amongst them 5 in fact, if it did not improve, lie would lwe to follow ,the doctor's advice and seek rest and change of climate. But, if over be left the district, he would see that the instruments were paid for. , In conclusion, he hoped the members would all pull together ; they had very much improved of late under Bandmaster Holloway, and he hoped the public would come liberally to the front and support what to him had been a great undertaking, especially from, aifij^nioiaj jppjnt of view, j, His remarks met with ( reception from 'the band, : and although «0 vote of thauks was passed, those present evidently felt the weight of Mr Qwynne's remarks. ' Another mating will bo called iv due course, Thp only "other business brought forward wa« tha punning of a moonlight trip, and the secretary was requested to write to Captain Lindsay on ;the subject. The,, baud then went on with- their usual "practice, and played some spirited airs iv a very satisfactory manner. ' ' ' What might have resulted, in a serious loss of property 'by/ the destruction of,tbevsoyal Mm JJQpe), Ngaruawahia, by fife; occurred on Monday evening, about 9 o'clock, 'Al ighted candle having been left on the dressingtable of Mrs Latchmore's room, was forgotten;by one of the servants, and it, is supposed the wind blew the curtains agairiat the light, as one of thp winddws' was .open." At the time the fire was (discovap^j.'jt, had -caught hold of the CpapefcUThe? ftreojUi^table wjtß'it's's'ur--roundings, together with thsjc#rp,etand" 'otHer -furfatuW/'were' I ii 1 1l more or^loM, 1 ") -vHackit not .been that the fire "was d^>yere^*before it J got a §trong hold jnoJbhiß&cpul^hßxe .saved vthej hotel jxnd .there, ,werj? E*lentg^pf E *Ientg^pf .wjilhiig, hands m J ,the.h6tise*t tK&tim«rwHsi|oon succeed^ jm^pifttinjg ,;oiit-*the; fire) „ Misa ; Maggie »

thank all those ladies Mid gentleiMii wpp^ so kindly assisted to pxeven£sthe spread^ of Jhe Hre;— [Correspo&dent^| " f j 3 lie 'muterbury;^W:ee|l|r hda .the f^llow^ng on tb^haylcY&p in^the? neighbouring districts, :^Thes Jidy crop;f which x wa£, bejng "secured, in Vplendidcondition '"will from negligence be materially injured.' We feef sure of this, for from a run through the country which we took last week we could not help observing and remarking; upon the? slovenly manner 4 ,iu which much cft-the' hay (excellent in>itself ) was Joeing put to gctlier. In some cases we saw ricks which more resembled piles of straw loosely thrown together, instead of being compactly built with projecting eaves and sloping roofs. Hay, which a few days ago was of the 'best quality} ■ will now be comparatively worthless so far as its feeding value goes. , These are Josses for which the farmer has only himself to blame. Again we noticed ,much bay which hail been cut some days previous to our visit, and which was allowed to lie bleaching in the sun, which together with the soaking of rain it has now experienced will render it hardly worth collecting except for littering purposes. Such weather, as we have had , up to within the last few days offered ample opportunities to those who had early hay crops to secure them in the best possible manner. We noticed an excellent machine at the College farm called a hay sweep, with which hay may be collected from all parts of ths paddock in the most expeditious manner without lifting off the ground. Any handy man could make one, as there is little or no iron-work required, the whole' being constructed of wood. We feel sure Mr Ivey, the director, would only be too happy to furnish a sketch of this machine to anyone desiring such. The "Wairarapa Daily," referring to the financial aspect of the colony, says :— Money is hardening, and it is understood that the banks are about to raise their rates of discount on bills over 95 clays from 8 to 8^ per cent, and to allow an extra J- per cent, on deposits. This is the first turn of the screw, and if it fails to have the desired effect we may expect a second twist to be speedily given. Advances to the public have been increa&ing rapidly throughout the Australian colonies. During the past eighteen months their aggregate growth has advanced te the abnormal rate of 40 per cent., while the increase in deposits and circulation has only been about ten. The consequence is that the danger signal is now frying, and importers and speculators must either pull up or be pulled up. This unsatisfactory state of affairs is general throughout the principal colonies of the Australasian group. It exists in New Zealand, and it is to be found in our own Provincial District of Wellington. We learn that there merchants have been overstocking, that prices are depressed, and that the preliminary symptoms of financial reverse are prevalent. Of course things may take a favourable turn generally and locally, but it is well, bearing in mind the sharp lesson of IS7B9, to be cautious, and to be prepared for a squeeze, but not, we trust, for a panic. Advice has been received at Wellington from London of the departure of the following vessels for New Zealand :— On the 9th of November, Firth of Forth for Canterbury, with a German family ; on the 22nd of November, Beahamin, for Auckland, with six immigrants ; on the 2.lth of November, Bevan, for Otago, with only a few immigrants ; and on the 20th of November, the Opawa for Canterbury, with only 2or 3 immigrants. The Crusader has been put on to take the place of the Halcione, and she was to leave for Lyttleton on the 23rd of December, with about 330 souls. Of this num110 are single women. Vessels have been engaged for voyages both to Auckland and Wellington, to sail on the 24th and '23th instant, and it is expected that each vessel will carry 250 immigrants. The immigrants for Hawke's Bay will embark on the Auckland ship, and those for Nelson, Marlborough, and Westland, by that which comes here. Arrangements are also being completed for the despatch of two ships from the Clyde— one for Otago and the other for Lyttleton. The former was to sail yesterday, and the latter about the end of the month. It is estimated that fully 1500 immigrants for the colony will leave during December and January. A large number of single women are making application to come to New Zealand. The whole of the immigrants are refei red to as being most desiiable colonists'. The following remarks on Mr Rolleston'a Land Bill and Major Atkinson's* proposed scheme of national assurance, from the London Spectator, will afford some amusement to people in this part of the world: — "A correspondent of the Dully News states that the Legislature of New Zealand is about to try two experiments of very great moment. One is a Land Bill, supported by Sir George Grey, the prinoiple of which is that the Colony shall soil no more land, but shall give leases of twenty-one years, with provision for compensation if tho lease is cancelled at the end of that time. It is believed that this arrangement will be a great temptation to settlers, yet leave to the Government the ultimate ( control ,of , the soil. It may prove so, but we suspect the English hunger fpr freo ; ownership. The other 'bill, brought in by Major Atkinson, provides for compulsory insurance. Every man must pay either #60 down before he is 23, or 2s a week for twelve years, in order to secure 15s a week if single, and 22s 6tl a week if married, (Inring sickness, and 10s a week as superannuation allowance after 65. These are bold proposals, and it is believed they may pass, the Radical party supporting the first in particular very strongly, We entirely hope they, will. Nothing can injure New Zealand much except earthquake 1 *, and if s>/ie will try experiments up iot'lnl h't/itlation for the benefit of chicly paefted J2ttra.po ihe will have a high plnoe among tho useful nations of the world. The Cantons of Switzerland, which ought to try them, distrust originality ; while 'the State of the Union, with their marvellous facilities^ try nothing except divorce laws, most of which are as old as Rome, and did not succeed 'there. Some colon y, say Fiji, should try Socialism pure and simple, and see what co ! me 3 of it.", Sp eaking ' editorially of the alarming spread. <Jf coinipuuigin in > France, the London Daily Ncips^ gays. :-Jiu§§ia, A3 ,we know, is honeycombed^ with nihilistic and anarchic confederacies. Agricultural outrages and inoejidiary fires are becoming, as QQinmoß In. jshe Baltic prpvinces^qf Russia as ever they werp in Russia proper." Patriotic German journalists are eager to, contend that these doings are .fomented for some mysterious purpose by the Russian themselves. In Germany "itself— educated, . scholastic Germany, which has to take prematurely to spectacles because it blinds its' eyes with,) 'ovep-stud^-ntslje/ socialistic niove; ment foniflre, jiftf j%ii" th,e most ignorant parts of Europe, go long' as. the days of La Salle, fyinae Bismarck saw the' importance of s the move,-, 'ih'ent, .> ' andt ceflodejkyoredj to become , ija , patron.; and, top turn it to his own, account. Much more recently he has brought forward Bdhe v riie f afterTsc^em^ opw, Jjeppered. 's6'cf&lisni;byHVirtuf iof which jhi [eude'avored r to'makej;he government! the .creat annuity society, rlif ja^ipurance company .»and,co-6peritiVe^'store for al} the poorer' populations.' The ; strange socialistic iepablic %hiel^was f sta/IJBd '{smne years' Eg o, pressed l as, Cavaigiiac *' suppressed' ,tne was^eWnce'!; .enough that sooialism" had tak^R'hol&'/oT •Sent.disturbanbe m Lyons, 1 and'tne alarms;

ggpxi; great struggle of what is called au^hor^ty will undoubtedly have to deal twi&ka social rather than a politiqal <revdlfo The wisest tiling authority /c&ii ,ilo will be to eudeavor toiriake^he struggle one against the conditions which tehd "to this revolt rather than against thdsre- , volt itself. ,J£ % JP . If ever there is a public audit of the accounts of the Land League (writes the Home correspondent of a contemporary) there Tv will jbe_ ugly disclosures. §ome of tlfe Irisli members have been living on the 'fund? jAt/thc conference the other day a Mr Louden appeared on the platform, and he was greeted with yells and cries of " traitor." Mr Louden has disclosed the reason. While connected with the League he endeavoured to prevent members % of 'Parliament |from helping themselves out of the money. Upon one occasion, Mr T. P. O'Connor endeVvouVea v to^bliEin"f6FrcTrlalS i mrifr:^ ber a salary of £700 a year, and it was owing to Mr Loudens opposition that the job was not completed. Mr T. PO'Connor neverforgave-his opponent.* -It? was the lai'genessof the amount that excited resistence, but how many smaller sums were taken unchallenged ? 'The charge is a very specific and a very ugly one, and in the interests of the more honest members the name of the certain member should be given. As the matter stands, the whole batch of members are^ under suspicion. Is it likely that subscriptions will come in as freely as they have done. ? In an article oh. Mr /Stout the G. R. Argtu> says :— With all his ability, which is very considerable, and his energy, which is very great, he is still not as useful ,a member as might be supposed. An ardent journalistic supporter of his the other day tickled him off very happily, though perhaps unconsciously, in saying " he would make it very lively for the Government " if returned. Just so. That is precisely the man's measure. He is move given to " making things lively " for his opponents than aiming at I sober legislation for the good of the people irrespective of party. Notwithstanding all Mr Stout's ability and versatility of power he is ever jejune. He appears as it were a precocious youth for whom a ruction for its own sake has more charm than anything else. He is always aggressive, but seldom serious. No matter how sound an opponent's platform may be he always feels bound to aim at its demolition. His strongest point is his debating power, but the excitement of conflict is apt to carry him too far. Among mauy of his party he is looked to as a coming leader ; but he has never shown the discrimination or staying quality of one entitled to aspire to that high position. Although a Liberal of the most extreme ] type professedly, and personally, and privately one of the most amiable of men, publicly he is intolerant to a degree. He cannot brook contradiction and writhes under sarcasm. No member in the House ever took the rebuke of the Speaker with worse grace than Mr Stout, and no man did more injury to his party by flaring up on the most trifling provocation. Besides these defects, he has never been able to divest himself of the tendency to hair splitting he has acquired in Courts of law, and which is not at all suited to the Parliamentary arena. Apart trom these drawbacks, he is one of the most intolerant of men, as he so recently gave evidence of in advocating the boycotting of newspapers that did not happen to agree with him, and whose opinions might fairly be considered to be as sincere as his own. A private letter received by Mr Hackworth, Collector of Customs at Dunedin, from Dr. Johnson, who was a passenger by the s.s. Marsala, gives the following information with regard to the failure ot her frozen meat shipment. It is dated from Batavia. He says : " The whole cargo has been discharged into the mighty deep. The machinery bioke down, and the space allotted to the machinery was so constructed that it was impossible for men to remain long enough hi the engine room to make the necessary repairs, the temperature ranging from 120 to 150 degrees. But in my opinion there are several causes for the unfortunate catastrophe. An immense iron steamer, with iron deck, in the tropics v ill naturally attract the heat. I have seen the decks so hot that sacks were laid down for the coolies to run upon when taking in cargo, to protect their feet from the hot deck, within five degrees of the line. The engiue room below, owing to the refrigerating machinery, was only about 7 feet high, the temperature there sometimes going up to 137 and even 140 degrees. The man in charge of the machinery was an ordinary workman, who, I should think, was never in such a position before, and j ■ did not realise the responsibility. He could not stand the excessive heat of the engine room long enough at a time to keep the engines in order, and he says that the said engines were constantly heating, and some brass screws which were fitted into cast iron were not protected from sea water, and therefore became corroded, and the new patent snow syphons connected with the machinery became choked ; and in addition to this the external atmosphere was so attenuated that no amount of pressure could be got up sufficient to condense, and this difficulty, in my opinion, was increased by the fact that there was a large space left vacant in the refrigerating chamber sufficient to contain nearly a thousand more sheep. This void made the condensation still more difficult."