MR. W. C. BUCHANAN'S SEECH AT CARTERTON.

Wairarapa Daily Times, Volume 3, Issue 937, 29 November 1881, Page 2 (Supplement)

MR. W. C. BUCHANAN'S SEECH AT CARTERTON.

About 200 olectors responded to Mr Buchanan's invitation to meet him at the Public Hall, Carterton, last evening, in order to hear his political views, Mr Fairbrotlier was voted to the chair, and, after describing the reason the mooting was called, introduced Mr Buchanan. Mr Buchanan said that upon the last occasion on which he had been present at a public meeting in that Hall, the late members were addressing their constituents, and Mr Bunny had told them that the district would be divided, that Mr Beetham would represent the upper portion of it, and he (Mr Bunny), as a matter of course, would be the member for the lower district. The speaker thought, however, Mr Bunny should have waited till he saw whether other candidates intended to come forward, and till he ascertained the views of the electors on the matter, who only had the power to decide whether Mr Bunny or any other candidate should represent them for the future. (Hear! Hear!) Mr Bunny had been a member for many years, but he (Mr Buchanan) had yot to learn that that gave Mr Bunny a prescriptive right to the scat, (Hear I Hear I) It had been said by Mr Boys that, as he (Mr Buchanan)]was a resident in the northern portion of the district, it was not fair he should stand for tho south. But Mr Boys had claimed that he stood as a Wairarapa man, and he (Mr Buchanan) certainly stood on the same ground, as he claimed the right also to be n plain Wairarapa man, (Hear), and a New Zealand colonist, (Hear), and an elector in any portion of New Zealand could stand for a seat in its Parliament, Mr Boys had often urged him to qualify himself as a rate" payer in the Carterton district that he might he eligible to become a member of the County Council, and having thus urged him for local representation, he thought it would be clear that Mr Boys' objection against him for Parliamentary honors must fall to the ground, He was not answerable for the late Parliament having placed an artificial boundary (between his residence ai.d the place which was the natural outlet from his home, He was as anxious for the wclfaile of the whole district as anyone could [be. To commence his address he words with regard to thJIHjHnS With most features of agreed. He thought basis a fair one, and acted liberally with t tricts in allowing cent to balance the circumstances of might have some but it had become <ifiWHjSH5 fact and had passed trpHotise by a imj'irily of twenty-four. He did not agree with the stonewalling action on this Bill, as in turning up the electoral roll for Nelson suburbs he found 364 inhabitants returning one member, while 1728 in Christchurch only re turned three, and there had existed similar inequalities in other parts of the colony. He felt sure that, though there might be a difference of opinion in matters of detail, yet all would agree that the system of representation was now in a much better state than before the present measure was passed. He regarded the LOCAL GOVERNMENT question as the question of questions for the whobof New Zealand. Most of them bad left the old country and had come out there to found homes under a better state of things, but if they neglected the of local self government their interests would suffer and progress be impossible. In towns with some it, might be said that it was purely a country matter, but he held that whatever affected the country also influenced the prosperity of the towns. The question of local government had been before Parliament for the past two sessions, but party politics had prevented anything coming of it, Mr Orniond made it the basis of a noconßdence motion against the Hall Ministry, and a Bill they had brought in was shel\ ed for the session. The new Parliament, however, must faco the question amongst the first measures brought before it, and if the people did not desire to see themselves neglected in this matter they should be careful and return to the House men who were acquainted with the requirements of their district* and practically

1 acquainted with the settlement of land. There was evidence nil over New Zealand of the neglect of local government, and places in this district settled upon for the past 20 years were in almost the same state now as they were when first occupied. He alluded to Alfredton foe instance, and also Rangitumau as showing that the Provincial Government sold land without the least regard to opening it up by means of roads. He had become aware of many instances of this character from his position on the Highway Board, as almost every meeting petitions came up to have roads laid off> and ho pointed out the difficulty of. making roads to back country when no provision had been made for them, He alluded briefly to the Roads Construction, Crown and Native Lands, Rating, and Local Public Works Pills, brought forward by the Hall Government, The latter provided a very effective and simple plan for Counties and Road Boards to raise money for local public works. Had the fund proposed by this measure been provided it would have been found to be of very great use and benefit to the country districts of New Zealand. It proposed to establish a board consisting of the Minister for Public Works and three members to be appointed by Parliament, This board was to receivo a grant of £150,000 out of loan and £IBO,OOO out of the land fund, which .was to be applied to assisting country residents in constructing roads, bridges, and other public works, The board was also to receive a free grant of £IOO,OOO and a similar amount at five per cent, from the trust funds making £200,000, the money thus raised to be lent to road boards for special works on their undertaking to strike a special rate that would produce nine per cent, on tho money borrowed This nine per cent, would bo applied for interest and sinking fund, so that the amount borrowed would be liquidated in thirteen and a-half years, The rating of Crown and Native lands would also have lessened the burden of taxation, and settlers who had been 20 years without roads would have been enabled to obtain them. (Applause,) He would add, while on this subject, that last year's land revenue amounted Ilstimatc for the (amount required I'ge Grey and Mr !mes of their own ;ent, but neither 1 the question as Government had rluced his famous s speech at Waipawa the other day, and Macandrcw had his scheme for dividing the colony. With regard to the latter he thought every elector would thoroughly disagree, as he had, with such a scheme, Instead of creating fresh centres, decentralisation and local self-govern-ment should be carried out to the greatest possible extent. The feature that would commend the Local SelfGovernment Bill to all was that which gave local bodies power to obtain money cheaply and easily for any necessary public work, with ample time to repay, Had County East been enabled to take advantage of a measure of this kind there would have been no need for debentures, and tho money could have been had two per cent, cheapor. The LAND QUESTION followed local self-government naturally. An attempt had been made last session to abolish the law of entail, and the same question had been agitating people in England, for to this law was to be attributed much of the trouble arising out of land, and it was certain the troubles in Ireland were in many instances the result of this law. Even in New Zealand, at Canterbury, there was one very large property so tied up that nothing could be done with it The Hall Government deserved thanks for introducing this matter, and endeavoring to nip such a system in the bud, as he thought they all agreed with him that the law of entail should be abolished, (Hear, hear.) DISTRESS FOR RENT. There was a wide difference of opin ion on ibis matter, but he failed to see why a landlord should have a

greater privilege than any other person in the matter of debt, nor why he should not go through the same form for recovering the amounts due to him as any other creditor, In some cases great hardship had been inflicted by this power of distress. He would point out that both this and the preceding Bill had been introduced in th„ Legislative Council, and this should be borne in mind when considering whether the Upper House should be abolished or altered in its constitution. NATIVE LANDS. " They had no doubt seen reports at various times of the purchase of native ■ land by the Grey Government, who had bought utterly worthless land, and wasted, it was said, thousands in bribery and corruption. The Hall Government had put a stop to this, but it was thought that if the Government went out of the market speculators only would become the purchasers. He did not see, however, why the Government should not purchase lands and then cut them up and dispose of them in suitable blocks for settlement, Some Natives might decline to sell to sell to Government, and, in that case, private persons should lie allowed to obtain it, so that it would become subject to taxation, and help to hear the burden all had to carry, Government sold land last year for settlement to the amount of £299,000, and this fact was a good answer to those who stated the Government did not desire to settle the people on the hind, Great complaints, however, had been made as to the high upset price of the land, some of it in the Forty-mile Bush heing £2 per acre. The Government were not so much to blame as the Waste Lands Boards, which were instructed to place the lands in the market at the lowest cost, He did not think they carried out their duties as they should, and it was time these Boards were re-or-ganised. No more should be charged for land than would be sufficient to make it fit for settlement, and the terms should be of a very easy nature. Roads should always precede or accompany settlement, as it was impossible for settlers to prosper without means of access to their markets. Looking back at past administrations, however no Government could be found who had evinced such a sincere desire to settle people on the land as the present one, and thanks were due to the Hon Mr Rolleston for the part he had taken in the work. He alluded favorably to the Crown Lands Guide issued from that Minister's department as supplying much valuable information to intending settlers. He thought the new Parliament should appoint a MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE. Most countries would not consider a Ministry complete without a Minister for this branch, and he would be in favour of such an appointment, which he thought would he found to be a very useful and important one. He would now allude to the RABBITS. (Loud applause.) No question in this district had been discussed more than this one. As far as he was concerned, he had been able to keep the pest down, and owing to keeping at the work at all times it was costing him very little. He had only taken up the matter on public grounds, as all were suffering from it, and some very severely. He described the working of the first Rabbit Act, and stated the reason the present one, giving the Government power to deal with the question, had been passed was because of the great objection and reluctance of trustees to initiate proceedings against their neighbours under it. The Government had been very reluctant to take it over, but the evil had to tie dealt with. It had been- stated that the inspectors had all sorts of arbitrary powers, but this was not correct, as the inspector only had power to enter upon land, and, if he saw that steps were not being taken to prevent injury being done to neighboring lands through the spread of the pest, he laid an information and the matter was tried upon its merits. If the inspector infringed the Act, or behaved arbitrarily, he would be removed. One strong reason for the Government taking overthe Act was the difficulty of dealing otherwise with Native and Grown lands. Ho quite agreed with the Government's action in the matter, He thought the Rabbit Act was one exception that should be made in aay Bcheme of loea

("WAIRARAPA DAILY," NOVEMBEE 17th, 1881.)

self-government, He would next allude to the FENCING ACT. Mr Boys, at Gieytown, alluded to the Fencing and Rabbit Acts as likely to ruin the colony, He (Mr Buchanan) failed to see it. The counties had power to refuse to bring the Fencing Act into operation. Under the old Act, if a river half a chain wide were between properties it was regarded as a legal fence, and, though only two inches of water were in it, they could not compel their neighbor to erect any other fence, The new Act remedied that. In the new Act if a road were the boundary, the opposite neighbor was bound to bear his proportion of the cost of fencing. He considered the new Act a decided improvement on the old, and that it would lie found to answer the requirements of all as much as any measure of the kind could do so. With regard to the RAILWA-Y. He had seen that a lot of discussion had taken place at Masterton recently on this subject, but the less they said about the cost of freight, ifec, at present the better, as the line only paid 10s per cent, while in (.'auterbury they yielded 5 per cent, The loss incurred in working lines in the Noith could be made up by taxation under the law, which would no bj desirable. They had %Q miles opened in the South and about 400 in the North Island, and it had been complained that the North had not obtained its fair share. He showed, however, that the North had had £790,000 more than its share on a revenue basis, and the south 1| millions less than its due, so that we could not complain in this matter. (Applause.) With regard to BORROWING FOR RAILWAYS he would only be in favor of it to a ■certain extent and then not before a schedule of proposed works had been laid before the House and agreed to. IMMIGRATION. It had been said the Colony was losing its population, but we had actually gained 7,000 during 1880. Of those 4,500 had arrived voluntarily, and we were still gaining. This, when it was considered that nearly all the great public expenditure of the Government had ceased was very satisfactory. STATISTICAL. They all grumbled at taxation and the large increase of it, He pointed out that in 1870 they were taxed £3 4s Gd per head, in ISBO£3 9slod, hut in the last was the education vote, which did not exist in 1870. Deduct this and it would be found that they were actually paying 2s 6d per head less now than in 1870, So that after all the bad times and the fact that the public debt was now nearly 30,000,000 The comparison was a satisfactory one. He made a comparison of the gain of wealth of the population in different countries. In France the proportion was £lO Bs, in Knglaml £l4, New Zealand £2O per head per annum. These figures should give them fresh faith in the resources of the country. He also showed that New Zealand had increased in population in a greater degree than any other Australasian colony, as from 284,000 in 1870, it had advanced to 490,000 in 1881, or at the rate of 97 per cent, while Victoria had increased 14 per cent, and New South Wales 40 percent; these facts taken together plainly proved that they were not going back) and were very encouraging. Various opinions were expressed with regard to the PROPERTY TAX, but he claimed that under it only those who had tho means were made to pay, as all possessing property below £SOO were exempt from the tax. An alteration had been made in the Act, so that all absentees were caught by it, and 11 million pounds would be added to the amount taxable under the Act. He had no wish to bar foreign capital coming in, as it was really "money that made the mare go," and foreign capital should be invited by all means, but he fully recognised that capital should pay general as well as local taxes. (Applause,) The whole cost of collecting the Property Tax was only 5 per cent, The Income Tax would cost much more, and be a very troublesome and inquisitorial one, FINANCE. It was satisfactory to note that last quarter's revenue showed a large increase, and if io continued through tl.«

year there would be ah excess over estimated revenue of £300,000. RETRENCHMENT. He had condemned the 10 per cent, reduction in toto. Thb Civil Service Commission had done good work, but he did not consider it one of their duties to recommend such a sweeping reduction as the 10 per cent. one. Salaries of £IOOO might have borne it, but those under £2OO could not. The 10 per cent, had been restored, but it was satisfactory to find 30 per cent, more work was done now than when it was taken off, He considered the Government's attempt at PROTECTION as being a very petty one in imposing a duty on jams, bacon, and ham. A tax of this sort fell upon the many to the benefit of the few. He had been informed by a storekeeper that the effect in some instances had been to cause people to do without these articles altogether. He was in favor of the Government bonus system to encourage local industries. The cost of the LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL had been stated to be £50,000, but they all knew it was very much less than that, The Council in the late session had been a great benefit to the country. It had been reproached for returning the Pension Bill to the House instead of passing it, but its reason for doing that was because it contained a retrospective clause, which would compel many who had received pensions in good faith in the past to refund largo sums. He thought they would agree with him when he said he considered the Upper House acted quite justly. (Applause.) He sidered the Council .might be made partially elective, but. not wholly so, as by the Ministers having power to appoint new members they could prevent such an unfortunate deadlock as occurred in Victoria a few years ago, He thought the Councillors might do without their honorariums, but that might prevent a very eligible man from being appointed through being poor. Reform in the Upper House was, he admitted, a very difficult question, but he would be prepared to face it, and, give his earnest attention to it, He then dealt with the NATIVE DIFFICULTY. That evening they had been glad to go to the station and welcome home some of their volunteers who had so readily responded to the call to arms, They had gone to the frontwillingly, whether the victory was to be a bloodless one or not, aud had there been fighting he had no doubt that the Wairarapa volunteers, and all other corps, would have done their duty on behalf of New Zealand. (Applause,) He thought the Government had practically settled the native difficulty. (Applause,) Just complaint had been made, however, about the niggardliness of the Government towards the volunteers. The Government could not expend money more wisely than in training an efficient force of men, ready at the call of duty (applause), and the corps should be treated with liberality to bring about that result, (Applause.) He thought THE EDUCATION ACT as it now stood, should be carefully preserved. Although complaints had been made as to the large sum voted for the purpose,hethought it thoroughly well spent. He was quite against the endowment system for higher education, as parents could and would pay for this if they required it for their children. With regard to the side of politics he should adopt, he had not in his-published address pledged himself to support the HALL GOVERNMENT, but he would say now he intended to heartily support it while it continued honestly working for the country as it had done in the past, The Government had, of course, some faults, but they were minor ones. It had rescued the country from the muddle into which Grey and Macandrew had plunged it, It had faced a very difficult, position in 1879, when both public and private credit was at stake, and it deserved the thanks of New Zealand for the way in which it had pulled the country out of the mire, The Gaming and Lotteries Bill was certainly an abortion, as were also one or two other measures. Still, as a whole, the Government had done good work, and he would support it, He might say a little from a . PERSONAL point, He was comparatively a stranger amongst them, but since he had been a

resident in the district he had always received very hearty recognition of his ' services in helping to advance the prosperity of Wairarapa, and that had emboldened him to come forward now. An objection had been raised against him, that if elected he would be a class representative. This he denied. If he had wanted to add acre to acre and pound to pound, would he have spent the time he had in promoting the interests of the Wairarapa 1 If elected, he must of necessity look after all, if he wished to have their confidence on future occasions, He had been a settler in various parts of the Australian colonies for twenty-four years, and had worked as hard aa any man, and whatever position ho occupied he owed to his own endeavors, and it would bi selfish if he failed to sympathise with those who had come to the colony a few years later, and were following the same road as himself. He always had believed in practical settlement. Many who were present were perfeotly conversant with his course of action since he settled among them, and if they approved of it he would ask them with confidence to return him at the head of the poll. If returned, he would eadeavor to promote the interests of the whole district with his best energies. If not returned he should still act for the welfare of the district as in th» past. He then thanked them for their patient hearing and expressed his readiness to reply to any question, He sat down amid considerable applause, QUESTIONS, PENBIONS. In reply to Mr Parker, Mr Buchwiaa said he was strongly against granting fresh pensions, except in cases whera they could be legally claimed, EDUCATION. He did not think the Education Department paid its officers toe- highly. PROTECTION. To Mr H. Callister; He had stated that for fostering local industries he believed in direct aid from the State by means of bonuses. PRISON LABOR, To Mr Harrison: He was not In favor of prison labor competing with free labor, but thought it was an advantage for a prisoner to be taught a trade, and thus given a chance to earn an honest living (Applause). SETTLEMENT OF LANDS. To Mr Cohen: The Government intended to cut up for settlement the Crown lands in the South Island whose leases would shortly fall in. STOATS AND WEASELS. To Mr Vile: Had come to the conclusion, after careful thought ajad personal investigation, that it was advisable to introduce the natural enemies of rabbits on to rough country which could not be effectually cleared in any other way. FIRE BRIGADES. To Mr Tolley; My action lately with regard to the Carterton Fire Brigade is a test of how I regard those useful institutions, and I shall always be found giving them every encouragement (Applause). THE YOTE OF THANKS, Mr W. Booth, in rising to move a cordial vote of thanks to Mr Bucbansn/ wished to put himself right with regard to a letter, signed by Mr Cohen and appearing in a newspaper, saying that he (Mr Booth) had stated that he approved of Mr Boys' address, Mr Cohen had omitted to state that ho (Mr Booth) had commenced his remarks by stating he was an opponent of Mr Boys. Ho had said he had listened with interest to Mr Boys address, and fully agreed with his views on education, and that was about the extent of his approval of it. He then alluded to Mr Buchanan's speech and said it had the solid qualities in it that would make it wear well. The speaker then contrasted Mr Buchanan with the two other candidates from a public point of view, and said he was the best man in the district they could get. One who would "go alone " and work without being watched. Mr Bunny was very affable and all that, but did not trouble himself when he was not being hunted up, and he did riot think Mr Boys would suit thonit Mr Booth made a capital speech highly, complimentary to Mr Buchanan, and was greatly applauded. The vote of thanks was carried with acclamation, and a similar compliment to the chair concluded a very well conducted meeting.