EUROPEAN NEWS

Wanganui Chronicle, Volume 6, Issue 320, 4 December 1862, Page 3

EUROPEAN NEWS

BY THE SEPTEMBER MAIL, Latest Telegrams, via Jubal. London, Oct. 4. The campaign in Maryland terminated after three great battles. Tlie a Confeder ates rccrossed the Potomac in good order. The carnage was immense (20,000 killed). Fourteen Federal Generals were killed or wounded. Harper’s Ferry was taken by Stonewall Jackson, and afterwards evacuated. The Federal garrison at Mumfordville, Kentucky, surrendered to General Bragg. General amnesty has been granted to Garibaldi and his followers.

[from OUR OWN correspondent]. 26th September, 1862 The Great Exhibition, it js now decided, is to remain open till the Ist Novem.-. ber as a sight, and for a fortnight after that date as a bazaar. In other words, after the formal closing, it will be kept open two weeks to give the exhibitors who have not yet sold their goods an opportunity of disposing of them on the spot. This decision gives general satisfaction, though not so much to the foreign exhibitors, who, , having sold most of their articles, are naturally in a hurry to set off before the fogs.of a London winter set in. But it is impossible to please every one, and on the whole the foreign contributors to the show do not leave England with empty pockets.. You ' can scarcely go through any.of.the foreign stalls without seeing on.eyery.side the significant tickets. atllct ,5 nppOnclocl 'to tlixo a.n.dCiirtxalo. Mr. Story; l the'Ahierican sculptor, who, writing LroihLtome last year, contributed to the Daily-News a. series of very bitter but clever, articles on the American struggle strongly tinctured with anti-Brit-, ishbrag, has sold to a British jeweller,' Mr. Phillips, his two statues in the Roman court —“Cleopatra” and “The Sybil” —for the neat sum of <£3ooo, which: we must hope for his own sake will not be paid him m Yankee paper currency. The great “ Reading Girl ” controversy, has been settled in favour of a British buyer. . This statue, an exquisite production in the centre ol the Italian court, has been one of the leading attractions in this exhibition. The sculptor, Monti of Milan, it was announced some time ago, had sold . it to the London Company, but immediately afterwards this was contradicted, and the Commissioner for italy claimed it as the property* of the Italian government and forbad its removal. A long discussion ensued, but ultimately the Italian government gracefully waived its undoubted light to the statue on the sculptor undertaking to produce an exact fac-simile in four months. It turned out that the statue had really been the property of the Government,, and the whole business was a misunderstanding throughout on the part of the sculptor. - The Stereoscopic Company announce that they will have a. saloon

prepared- expx’essly to receive this precious gem, and, combining .business wjth pleasure, will make it a waiting room for their customers. What-adds to the interest of this work of art at present is that the small brooch on the girl’s bosom contains

ami mature likeness of Garibaldi, the idol

of.-every. Italian, heart, the wounded reaptive'ofSpezzia.- ”But I anticipate what «jhoiild ; bome later. -

f 2T; Amohg the minor incidents of an un- ■ pleasant-character connected with the ; Exhibitioix has been the failure of one of • the refreshment contractors, the Frenchman Veiilard. His portion of the edible ; and drinkable department was from the ! first Mismanaged. Confusion, waste, incivility- high prices, bad quality, distinguished "it, and not one of the pleasing: visions in which the public indulged, of being treated to recherche specimens of 'French cookery- was realised. His creditors hope to get ss. in the <£, but some of them. are very angry at his conduct. Among the creditors is the Hon. F. Cadogan, -the son of an .-Earl and the brother of a Viscount, and he claims for over =61000.. The claim consists chiefly, of head money which Veiilard agreed to pay him for ©very visitor, in consideration of -tha-HjOhodrable 'gentleman crfyH-.ino- h irn thd' Contract. Of course tins claim has excited great comment, hot flattering to the scion of nobility who is chiefly interested,; and some surprise, as it was never thought that any -back stairs influence could have been employed with the Commissioners in granting the contracts. M. Veiilard, however, si ates that that Mr. Cadogan'acted as a kind of secretary, putting forward the, tender, advancing money, and getting the requisite securities. In this case, the honorable gentleman has done- something for his claim, but it is anything but -a dignified position for the son of an Earl to occupy. The family, However, is notoriously poor, and the elder •son,- Viscount Chelsea, is a director of ■some public companies* the fees connected with which are presumed to be very necessary tdEiin.

th6 articles which have been very freely, sold at the Exhibition are Some ol the machines exhibited by the Americans. ■' r J hough the show they make is as a whole very poor, it contains a few things of universal interest. Their carpet weaving machine will, it is said, revolutionize the manufacture of tufted or pile carpets, while the machine for washing and wringing clothes is likely to become as necessary to large households as the sewing machine lately invented. , But the most-striking novelty of our inventive cousins is the cow-milking apparatus, which will no doubt find its way to all our colonies before long, and for which orders are given faster than, they can be executed. Th e "apparatus is very simple. It is simply placed under the animal, to fit whose teats a corresponding number of small cup shaped receptacles project. When these are in position, the air is exhausted and the suction downward extracts the milk. The operation of this machine is said to improve the milk and the cow as well, the tugging and straining caused by the manipulation of the milkmaid being decidedly injurious. • Should this machine get into universal use, what will become of the romance and poetry so associated with the milkmaid and her.pail? Half our pastorals will lose their most picturesque accessories.

-Yerjr„ few -matters of home interest are to be noted at present. The Queen is at Gotha, the ’guest .of her brother-in-law, where she will remain for some weeks yet. The Prince of Wales went over to Brussels from this, and there met, as' hinted in my last, the Princess Alexandra o,f Ben|na r k and her parents, all of whom .^ere ; *%wfeeik or two, the guests of King .Leopold. It was soon after formally . Announced that the Princess was affianced to the young heir to the British crown, and that the marriage would take placVriext spring. So is settled at last the, questioil of the future Queen of England.' 1 "'It is on all hands asserted and believed that this is an engagement of pure affection, the Prince having been “ struck all of a heap ” with admiration of the young lady as soon as he saw her. She is- unquestionably pretty, and her prettiness is not that of a faultless but insipid doll; it has a strong tinge of archness and espieglerie about it, the soi't of marked character which .could both procure aud retain affection. After a few days’ very pleasant courtship at Brussels, under the experienced eye of King Leopold,"thePiince'leftßftlsiu'mffor.GeTmar}.v, to join hia mother in Gotha. I should have mentioned that the Queen on her way to Germany passed through Brussels and there had an interview with the Danish Princess and her parents. Thus, the cburseof this trite love has hitherto run '• smooth. So far as this nation is concerned, the match will be particularly popular. "VVe have become rather tired of German alliances, and the House of Brunswick has been unfortunate in this respect, but an infusion of the Scandinavian blood is a totally different thing and may, form an interesting ’historical event. It may also tend to heal the long standing feud between Prussia and Denmark. In a : New Zealand paper lately sent me, I observe extracts rightly termed gossip, from a correspondent in Europe, on the subject l of the domestic relations of the Prince of Wales and his mother. In What this writer says, there is so much vicious exaggeration and such a want of exactness in the description of.the inner life of the royal family, that I cannot resist even at this date animadverting on it, and contradicting many of the statements so recklessly made. The writer says, when speaking of the Prince of Wales, that the surveillance maintained over him was so strict that “ he is never permitted to be alone, much less to stir a single yard without Colonel Bruce being at his side If he wishes to buy a pen-

s knife, a book, an orange, a, ball of twine, i- a telegram reports the desire to her Majr esty. and another telegram brings 1 the f royal assent or . refusal, as the case may 3 be,”aud 30 on. The writer prefaces these 3 observations, by saying that it “seems 1 scarcely credible,” and this is the truest - thing from beginning to. end of the gossip, b Hot only does it seem incredible, but it is neither credible, nor probable, nor actual. - Ii is in short a tissue ofmisrepresentation 3 throughout. I have no hesitation'in f contradicting it point-blank. In so far - as the late Colonel Bruce is concerned, j no one who knew anything of him will ) believe that he would ever have consented - to play such a part as "is here stated. - Had a gaoler been wanted the Prince’s [■ guardians would have, needed to seek " elsewhere. Had he occupied so odious a ? post, the Colonel would naturally have • been regarded by his ward with disdain ; and perhaps loathing, whereas it is notorious the very opposite was the case. To the last the Prince’s attachment to his ■ guardian was strong, and at the Colonel’s ■ funeral, one object that specially rivetted' ' the gaze of the assembled mourners was a wreath of immortelles lying on the coffin, shewing the floral device “ A last token of - -&ffiegtion ironLAlbertEdward and Alice.” 1 presume wmeTS^gossijrxrom--7oiuuv.» quarter it may come' will 'admit that some kind of guardianship was necessary to the Prince, if only as an adjunct of state. How the error of all such retailers of second hand tattle lies in this that they apply the same rule to the position of a Prince of the blood royal as to an ordinry individual In private life. But their circumstances are totally different. A certain amount of ceremonial demanded by State etiquette hedges round a Prince of Wales, and it is by losing sight of this that such blunders are made. The Prince could not go out unattended * what cruelty and tyrannical espionnage! cry gossip and ignorance. But no more could his father, or the Queen herself, anil this was not their choice, but simply a necessity of their position. The laws of .state etiquette are doubtless very antiquated and absurd, but at least they apply impartially to all the members of the rcyal family, and are not the invidious, distinction of one. . Again, to say that there has been any serious alienation between the Queen and her eldest son is utterly without foundation. Malice loves to extract food from the most innocent occurrences, and hence his absence from the opening of the Exhibition is interpreted as confirmatory of this. But the simple, fact is that the Prince was absent . then' for the same reason that every other member of the family was absent; for the same reason that the marriage of the Princess Al ee was celebrated so quietly: viz., that her Majesty had an invincible repugnance to anything like festivity while the shadow of so heavy an affliction s'ill hung over her desolate home. ' Surely scandal itself cannot deny that this was perfectly natural and even praiseworthy. The proverbial good luck that attends all Whig Governments in matters of patronage does not de-.ert that of Lord Palmerston. All high functionaries of State, Bishops, Judges, Magistrates,seem to make a point of postponing their decease till the advent of a Whig ministry to power. Lord Palmerston has already appointed well nigh half the present Bench of Bishops, and within the last two months he has had, in addition to this, the two Primacies thrown on his hands. Besides the death of the Archbishop of Armagh, mentioned before, I have now to announce that of good Dr. Sumner, Archbishop of, Canterbury, who died a fortnight ago, full of years and honour. His successor is not yet named, but the Archbishop of Yoi’k is thought as likely as any other prelate, though Dr. Tait, Bishop of London, has many supporters. Lord Palmerston’s appointments almost all belong to the Evangelical or Low Church section, and hence the credit of the selection is given to Lord Shaftesbury, but there can be little doubt tliat the High Church party' will be appeased by an occasional promotion from their ranks in accordance with the policy of compromise which is the besetting sin, or as some think the strength, of the Church of England. The only other notability whose death ' I have to record is that of Lord Ellesmere \ in liis .40fcli year. He was a quiet unassuming man, and took no part in political life, though his sympathies were with the Conservative party. His father was well ' known as Lord Francis Egerton,j;.ha.beirT to'tire great''Hrxdgewater ', estate's, . and who was created first earl. ..It was he whose admiration for St Walter Scott ' led him to say that he would willingly j have exchanged his title and rent-roll of j i;200,000 a year for the authorship of Waverley and Ivanboe. I commend to vour notice a correspond- ( ence lately published, between the Duke ■( of Newcastle as Colonial Secretary and j your Governor, Sir George Grey. Long x ago I warned you that the impatience felt \ here of all naval and military expenditure ] in behalf of distant colonies was such j that our Government would be obliged to g apply the screw in all directions. Cana- \ da has had pretty plain language used to ( her for her backwardness in taking measures for heirown defence, and her indolent \ dependence on the Imperial treasury for everything. New Zealand now gets her ( turn, and I hope she likes it. The Duke j tells you that if outsettlers cannot defend ( themselves against the natives without ] the help of troops supported from the < British exchequer, the out settlements ] had better be abandoned, and that to em- ( ploy British troops at Imperial expence to • make your roads cannot be tolerated. To surrendei into the hands of the colonists the entire management of native affairs is a most important step, hut what inevitably follows from this is that if the colonies manage their civil affairs, they I

must also manage aud be solely responsi ble for their military ones. The ohange ir public opinion here on these points does not result,. I fear, from- any enlarged or philosophic view of the relations between mother country and colonies, but simply arises from the not very elevated but very, tangible consideration of expence. We feel the taxation and clutch at any practicable-plan of retrenchment. 1 have not the slightest doubt that in the next session of Parliament votes for the colonies, no matter where, will be cut down without remorse-. Our Baxters aud our Williams’ supply the cheeseparing, and Professor Goldwin Smith the philosophy! You will get so much -• fuller accounts of foreign affairs than I with my limited space can give, that I may merely mention that intense sympathy is felt for Garibaldi, and that he is progressing favourably towards recovery under the care of Professor Partridge of King’s college, to send wliorn a subscription was made. Seine sensation has been produced by the ..publication pT a' correspondence between him and the American consul at Vienna, in which the general promises,. after-;;his wound, is healed and. he is a, free man,* to set out to the States and draw-the: sword for the Federal cause 1 There is however -pvmvuiwpxuivu ■ vatwwvAw . w—w < ■ ... ■■■ - ' The case of Mr. Boupell, ex-M. P. for Lambeth, came before the Central Criminal Court yesterday He pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to penal servitude for life, after a. long .’speech* own defence. ■-. Business generally is very flat. The money market stilL easy, and’the Bank rate of.discount 2 per cent. The last "Wool sales closed on the 6th inst. No less than 111,000 bales came forward for sale,; Of these about 100,000 bales havo been sold, at prices very firm onvthe whole, though short of what had. .been anticipated. In their circular, Messrs. Jacomb remark of New Zealand Wool, that “ Wools in grease, have sold fully as' high as in May, and the demand for all this growth suitable for B.oclidale, Scotland, and. Bradford has been animated, and we can quote no reduction, except an apparent one on some in veiy faulty condition.” The number of bales from New Zealand was 15,820. The Cotton market is for the moment flat ; but this is simjffy because the price is so high that ho legitimate operator will touch it. Supplies from the East Indies, are coming forward very slowly, and none of tho substitutes as yet projected have b.een found worth anything.

[From the ‘Home News,’ Sept. 26, 1862.] AMERICA.

At the date of our last publication it was expected that General Mc’Clellan would abandon his position in the Penininsula of York Town ; and we shortly afterwards learned that he had actually adopted that retrograde march. It appears that there was good reason for his retreat. He could not maintain liis position, and Washington was in peril. Stonewall Jackson had crossed the Rapidan, and was outflanking Pope, with the intention of attacking the Federal capital. Pope, no longer alile to hold his grounds on the Rapidan, had withdrawn his troops, and, crossing the Rappahannock, established himself on the. north bank. M’Clellan. in the meanwhile, landed at Acquia Creek, where he hoped to effect a junction with Pope. It was now evident that Virginia was about to become the battle-ground on which the great issues were to be fought, perhaps decided. The Confederates were-facing the Federals on the south bank, of the Rappahannock. Their batteries covered an extent of 15 miles; and they were gathering in force from all parts of the countxy, even the army being withdrawn, from Richmond for concentration at this point. At first much surprise.-, was expressed at the absence of the Confederates along the whole of the two routes by which M’Clellan effected the transport of his army down the peninsula ; but the mystery has since been cleared up. The masterly plans of -the Confederates led them in another direction.

In order to be enabled to. appreciate the magnitude of the events that followed, it is necessary to keep in view, the circumstances immediatly preceding them: It must be remembei’ed that after many months of cai’eful training, .the army of the Potomac, the finest the north: had ever sent into the field, went t for.th under the command of a -vvxoxr-prmues 'or-rnxr'DiooaT’oyai on his.

staff, was designated by his enthusiastic countrymen the Young Napoleon. That army made a successful descent on the Southern coast, and marched into the bowels of the peninsula without impediment. It sat down before Richmond. It was'to take Tiichmond as a matter of course. Months elapsed, and instead of taking Richmond, it w r as signally wrorsted in successive flying. engagements, and ultimately obliged to make a sudden re--treat. The utinost glory the army of ihe Potomac achieved, was tho glory of effecting its escape, or rather the escape of a small remnant of its original strength from the territory it had set out to conquer.

Then it must also be borne, in mind that General Pope occupied'the valley of the Shenandoah, where , he issued proclamations of the most exulting character; Eronr that secure position he was to descend in’ force, upon,, "Richmond; but before he could ; attempt to" put the grand design into execution, ho was like McClellan, compelled to evacuate his encampment, and take up new ground; We next find him placed between - War* renton and Manassas, endeavouring to keep open his communications with Washington, which was as much asdie could do, through Centreville,. Fairfax, Alexandria. It soon, became evidenjj that a battle on, the largest scale, was in)

evitable. Stonewall Jackson had forced his way, close to the river, past the right of the Federal troops, and occupied a post to the west of Fairfax and Contreville The main body of the Confederate army, uiider General Lee, took the ground between Warren ton and the Rappahannock while tt'division under Lohgstreefc pushed on in the direction of Leesburg. If we add that the : reserve of the Federal army commanded by McClellan, occupied Alexandria, ' while Burnside’s division was waiting for the chances of the field at Fredericksburg, we shall have before us. the whole scene and disposition of the sanguinary conflicts that ensued. . It seems that Rope made a blunder at starting, having mistaken Jackson’s por sition, and instead of cutting off Jackson’s division from the main body of the army, as he hoped to do, he brought the whole of his own armyinto'jeopardy. There was soine skirmishing between the outposts on the evening of the 28th August; and the dawn of the following morning discovered the two armies drawn up in brittle array in front of each other, the light wing of the Confederates resting on the Warrenton road, and their left exten-

ding across Buff Run Creek, with the Federal army exactly opposite. The heat ;;of -the fight on’ tho first day fell upon ~ p'icfjr army, and who distinguished himself bv his gallantry. It was not till the afternoon that Heintzelman, who commanded the right wing, came up to his help ; and McDowell, who commanded the left, does not appear in the battle at all. The result of the first day was to turn, the - front of both armies j the Federal claiming the advantage. But if they really had the advantage, which even on their own showing is doubtful, they utterly lost it the next day. Sigel’s division had suffered, so much that Porter’s was, now placed m the centre, and Sigel lay in reserve. The Confederates kept the Federals occupied by skirmishes until the Confederate commander-in-chief Lee, was enabled to bring up all his rein-r forcements. At 5 o’clock the Confederates opened a terrific fire. The troops bore this tremendous’ shock with steadiness and bravery for some time ; but they wavered and broke at last, and before nightfall the whole Federal army was in full retreat. At Centreville, the flying

legions were met by some divisions which

were coming up to the rescue Irons Alexandria, but which, were now arriving just

in time to : be to late,

The Confederates

appear on th,is occasion to. have profited by their former experience on the same ground; and, following up the pursuit, they attacked the divisions in the rear of the Federal army, killed two generals, and Anally hunted the whole army of Virginia into the earthworks of Washington. The res: of the story, of incalculable moment as to future consequences, may be related in a few words. The Confed-

erates, having achieved this victory, withdrew their troops from before Wash-, ingtou, being quite confident that no expedition in the direction of Virginia would be attempted by the remnant of the shattered: army, -who. would find en-. ongh to do. to look after Washington. Hastening up the Potomac lai’ge masses of troops crossed the river into Maryland, and taking- possession £of Frederick, at once appointed a provincial governor of the State/ The main body of the Confederate army now occupies a position on the Maryland side of the river, about twenty-.two miles above Washington, and it is supposed that, as soon as they make the requisite preparations, they will take possession of Baltimore. Public opinion in Maryland is.strongly in favour of the South. No time has been lost in doing what could be done under the circumstances. Pope and M’Dowell have been disgraced for their conduct in the late battles ; the former being sent on a distant command; ..where he can do ho mischief, and the latter being permitted to absent himself with leave. : M’Olellan has been appointed to the command of Washington, and is aheady in the. field against Stonewall Jackson, who is believed to be at the head of the Confederate force in Maryland. A battle is daily looked battle for the capital, perhaps for the final deliverance of the coun'ry from a war'of annihilation. But it is not the policy- of the Southerns, who have now invaded the North, to invite an engagement until they have secured their position ; so that I some time may elapse before a contest Itakes place. . I i, Lt D -a CL [President Lincoln appears to be falling to, Ipieces. His tyrannical edicts are proItestcd against in some places, and openly [resisted in others. The draft is given tip las hopeless, and there is some thought of brining negro regiments to supplement ■national troops, a measure which would bring indelible discredit upon its prolectors, * • I Turning to other parts of the country, live find the Secessionists everywhere in Ihe ascendant. In Kentucky and Tenmessee, and down the Mississippi to New Orleans, the Confederates are reaping Iresh triumphs, and all this time nothing Remains of the bonsted power of the ■forth but the crippled remains of its ■cattered forces, now huddled behind the ■artifications of Washington. I Friday, September 26, 1862. ■hi,; Confederate Invasion op the FedI ; eral States. ■ v lt is very, difficult tb say, from the news Brought last evening hy the City of New ■ork, what is the precise position of the Boijf’ederatc andTederal forces. The conHd crates are stated to have occupied Bederick and Hagerstown, and to have Hvanced to Green GVstle, Pennsylvania. B;is reported, however, that both HagersHvn and Frederick baVebeen evacuated

by them and occupied by General M’Clellan according to news telegraphed to Cape. Race on the 16th a battle was going on that day between Sharpsburg and Mid-dlesburg—-a spot nortb-west;of Harpers Ferry and south of Green Castle. It was also said that the Federal force at Harr per’a Ferry had been completely surrounded. 1600 cavalry had. escaped, but the remainder of the troops would be compelled to surrender.

The Confederates are stated to be recruiting in Maryland, and General Lee had issued a proclamation declaring that the Confederates had come to liberate the people from the federal rule. He declares that it is for the Marylanders to. choose for themselves. The South will welcome them if they choose to join it, but they must do so of their own free will. This is scarcely in accord with the suggestion of the ‘ New York Times’ and ‘Herald,’ tliat the object of the Confederate invasion of Maryland is to overthrow Mr. Lincoln’s Government, and restore the Union as it was. Whatever the Confederate object may be, however, it is pretty clear that the people of Pennsylvania do not,intend to submit quietly ; the Governor of the State bad called for 50,000 men to resist the invasion.

At Cincinnati a battle was hourly ex-, strong enough to resist attack. The Potomac is said to be much swollen by late rains. In Connecticut there had been disturbances, arrising from the enforcement of the draft. A difficulty had also arisen between the Federal Secretary for V/ar and the New York War Committee. That committee had invited and received the consent of General Freemont to command the 50,000 men whom they proposed to I’aise; but the Secretary-at-War had refused to sanction the raising ‘of Trops under Fremont. N There seems to be general dissatisfaction with the Federal Cabinet, and Mr Lincoln is urged by some of the Newspapers to set about reconstructing his government as soon as possible.

The following private telegram has been received at Liverpool by the mail which arrived yesterday:— New York, Sept. 17, via Cape Race.

There has been a terrible battle between M’Clellan and Lee at Hagerstown. M’Clellan reports that the confederates retired across the Potomac. The Federals are surrounded at Harper’s Ferry. 1600 cavalry escaped ; the remainder, it is supposed, would surrender. The confederates are advancing on Cincinnati ; they are two miles north of Florence. Gold down 3 per cent. MEXICO. The latest accounts from Mexico give a favourable idea of the situation of the expeditionary force in Mexico. The Mexicans are said to have left the territory of Orizaba and the heights which defend it in the undisputed possession of the French. ITALY. THE GARIBALDI AN EXPEDITION COLLISION WITH THE ROYAL TROOPS —CAPTURE OF GARIBALDI. The great news from Italy, Garibaldi’s capture, casts all other continental incidents of the month into the shade. Our August number contained a telegram stating that he had crossed over from Sicily to the mainland. Later accounts showed clearly that even in Sicily, where his name acted like a charm, there was much dismay, and even passive opposition to his: movements. Mayors and municipalities in some place expressed surprise rather than pleasure at seeing him. At Catania, the insufficient troops sent to oppose him held out long against his admission into the town, but the inhabitants opened another entrance to him. When Garibaldi landed in Calabria

the embarrassment seems to have bfien renewed. At Reggio, it is certain that the majority of the national guard was in favour of the government. Garibaldi was requested: by the mayor not to enter the town, and he did not, passing into the hills, and reached Aspromonte on the 17th August. On the 28th he tried to make his way to Palmi and Eufemia, but found all the passes, occupied by the forces of the government. He then fell back on Aspromonte and entrenched himself there. On the 29th, he was surrounded by a large force of Bersaglieri, and summoned to surrender. He refused. The regulars, under .Colonel Pallavicino, pfq an J: lmcli £ui—o_lnll . and, many of the volunteers broke and ran away as fast as they could. Garibaldi and those who, stood by him were after.a sharp conflict compelled to. surrender; As the defiles were carefully guarded, the large number of undisciplined, runaways were all caught. Garibaldi was wounded with a bayonet and also shot in the foot. He was immediately sent to Spezzia, attended by two distinguished physicians. Mis son, Menotti Garibaldi, was also ■wounded,

The following letter from Garibaldi himself, relating to the unhappy conflict at Aspromonte, will be read with the greatest interest On board the Duke of Genoa, September 1.

They-thirsted for blood,'and I wished to spare it. Hot the poor soldier who obeyed, but the men of the clique who cannot forgive the revolution for being the levolution—it is thut which disturbs

their conservative digestion—and for having contributed to the re-establishment of our Italian family. Yes, they thirsted for blood; I perceived it with sorrow, and I endeavoured in consequence to the utmost to prevent that of our assailants from being shed. I ran to the front of our line crying out to. them not to fire, and from the centre to the left, where my voice and

those of my aides-de-camp could be heard, not a trigger was pulled. It was not: thus on the attacking side. Having arrived at a distance of 200 metres, they began a tremendous fire, and the party of Bersaglieri, who were in front of mei direotiog their shots against me, struck l me with two balls, one in the left thigh not serious, the other in the ankle of the, right foot, making a serious wound. ; - As all this happened at the opening of the conflict, and I was carried to the' skirt of the wood after being wounded, I could see nothing more, a thick crowd having formed around me while my wound was being dressed. I feel certain, however, that up to the end of the line: which was at my litter, and that of my aides-de-camp, not a single musket was fired. As there was no firing on onr side, it was easy for the troops to approach and mingle with ours, and when I was told that they wished to disarm us, I replied that the men might disarm themselves. The intentions of my companions were, however, so little hostile, that I only by this disarmed in the 'crowd some officers and .regular soldiers. v It was not so on our right. The picciotti, attacked by the regular troops, replied by a fire upon the whole line,.andf although the strumpets .sounded to-ceasei tiring, there was at that spot a smart fusillade, which lasted not more than a quarter of an hour. My wounds led to some confusion in our line. Our soldiers, not seeing me, began to retreat into the wood, so that little by little the crowd round me broke up, and the most faithful alone remained. At this moment I learned that my staff and Colonel Pallavicino, who commanded the regular troops, were negotiating upon the following considerations; first, that I should be free with my staff to withdraw where I pleased. (I replietn On board an English vessel.”) Second, that having arrived at the sea shore, the rest of my companions should be set at liberty. Colonel Pallavicino conducted himself as a valorous and intelligent chief in all his military movements, and lie has not been wanting in respect or courtesy towards me and my people. He showed his grief in having to shed Italian blood ; but he had received peremptory orders and he had to obey them. My arrangements had been purely defensive, and I had hoped to avoid a conflict, seeing the very strong position that I occupied, and entertaining the hope that the regular troops had received orders less sanguinary. If I liad not been wounded at the outset, and if my people had not received the order, under all circumstances, to avoid any collision whatsoever with the regular troops, the contest between men of the same race would have been terrible. However, far better as it is. Whatever may be the result of my wounds, whatever fate the government prepares for me, I have the consciousness of having done my duty ; and the sacrifice of my life is a very little thing if it has contributed to save that of a great number of my fellow-countrymen. In the hazardous enterprise in which I and my companions had thrown ourselves, with heads bent, I hoped nothing good from the government of Eatazzi. Rut why should I not have hoped for less rigour on the part of the king, Raving altered in nothing the old programme, and having decided not to alter it at any price 1 What afflicts me most is this fatal distrust, which contributes not a little to the incompletion of national unity. However it may be, I once again present to Italy a serene front, assured of having done my duty. Ouce more, my unimportant life and the precious ones of so many generous young men have been offered as a holocaust to the holiest of causes—pure from all vile personal interests. G. Garibaldi;

M. Kossuth addressed a letter to the Italian journals, from Lausanne, on August 28, in which he expressed strong disapproval of Garibaldi’s conduct, and advised the Hungarians not to obey his appeal to arms, since the general was not in arms against Austria, but against his own government, with a view to a collision with the Emperor of the French, which would be the ruin of Italy:— . His (Garibaldi’s) war cry is “ Rome or death.” It is with this that he defies the authority of the patriot King of Italy, throws his country into confusion, checks its organisation (which, alas, had already been too much retarded), complicates its finances, compromises its future, risks the horrors of a civil war—and all this for what 1 To bring about a collision with the Emperor ofthfLFrench—-a collision which"woulclTnevitably entail the ruin of -Italy . . . . No ODemustbe aston- f

ished if the good sense of Hungary prefers to wait until a moment when Austria shall be engaged, or in danger of being engaged upon some point, or at least until European coni tinctures present to Hungary the possibility of arming itself and ranging itself in battle. Every Italian patriotshouldrejoice at this determination. Better than any one 1 know how truly Hungary has resolved to profit by the first occasion which shall present itself for getting free from the Austrian domination.”

The ‘ Offical Gazette’ of St. Petersburgh publishes a circular note from Prince Gortschakoff announcing the recognition of Italy.

ENGLAND. The marriage efthe Prince ot Wales with the Princess Alexandra of Denmark will be celebrated early in the ensuing spring. The distress in Lancashire increases Above 100,000 are now receiving relief... There have been great riots in, Belfast, continuing for five successive nights. Two mobs—one Homan Catholic, the other Protestant-sallied forth each night from their respective quarters, and demolished the windows in whole streets.

At length, on the 23rd September, the Magistrates interfered, apprehended 12 persons, and the riots ceased.

Mr. GOLDWIN SMITH on our Colonial Policy.

Recent correspondence respecting tho aflkirs of New Zealand gives Mr. Goldwin Smith an opportunity of reverting to his old theme, and insisting 'that England ’'shall break the connection which exists between her and her dependencies, and shall stand again, after 300 yeais of colonial dominion, alone In the world. The particular instance on which he now relies to prove the evil of colonial possessions and the necessity of abandoning them is the great expense incurred at the present time in keeping up a garrison in New Zealand. While we are suffering under a war income-tax and exposed to the ambition of France, while we have the defence of Canada on our hands, and a cotton famine to cripple our resources, “ we are keeping up an army of 5,000 or 6,000 men at an expence of at least half-a-million to protect the colonists of New Zealand against a horde of savages whose number does not exceed that of the colonists themselves.” While we bear this burden, the colonists refuse to tax themDC>VI \«W' -Aik o M-ia liiviviAO, even taunt us with avarice, because we complain of these unrecompensed and unceasing exactions. We believe this is the sum of Goldwin Smith’s letter ; and we have no desire to deny that, the grievance is substantial. The whole system of using the British troops in the local wars of the colonies calls for serious consideration on the part of the home Government. We are sure, however, that if the total cost of the New Zealand Garrisons during the last 20 years were placed before the English people they would not grudge the amount when they called to mind that by this outlay they had established their race is one of the finest regions of the globe, and given it a new life in the Southern hemisphere. We fully agree that now, when the colonists are rapidly increasing in numbers and wealth, and the Maoris are receding before them, the time has come for the former to take upon themselves the duties of local defence. The Duke of Newcastle has, indeed, told them as much, and though Colonial Ministers are the most timid of mankind, he will no doubt act upon the principle he has enunciated! In that case what will the colonists do 1 We believe they will acquiesce entirely in the justice of the new arrangement, and take upon themselves the duties which devolve upon them. Wherever we have treated the colonies with justice and firmness and abandoned the old system of alternate bullying and coaxing, we have increased the good will with which these distant communities regard their former home. So, in spite of the expence which New Zealand now exacts from us, or which we force on New Zealand, we do not think it likely that England will abandon the colony, and leave its scattered-population of Englishmen to the mercy of foreign nations. To us, and, we believe, to all but an insignificant section of Englishmen, the system by which regions divided by the half of the circumference of the globe give a common citizenship, by which the native of any pari of a great federation has a career open to him in all, is a fabric of civilization not lightly to be broken up. We feel sure that the time is not near when the emigrant to Tasmania or the Cape will have to bid adieu to the name of Englishman, and abandon for ever the birthright of his race.— Times.

GOVERNMENT AID to the Volunteer Force.

The following remarks on this subject ‘are taken from an able article in the last No. of the “Quarterly Review,” in which, by the bye, it is said that the principal mistake in the Easter Monday review of Volunteers at Brighton was made by an Army officer: these said blunders having been used by the military journals, to shew that a Volunteer force can only be efficient when commanded by regular army officers, /which miy be true, but is not proved by the instance adduced:—

“ Compared with the advantage of possessing such an army, any extra charge to the nation at the rate of «£! or £2 for each Volunteer per annum—the former being less than one third of the cost of a single iron-plated frigate-—would be insignificant ; and additional assistance should be cautiously rendered to them, more on -their.oWn_aiv2oiint.-than. from. any- consideration of further overburdening the public revenue to such an amount. The Volunteer estimates may be expected to increase; but facilities and advantages rather than direct pecuniary aid should be afforded to the different corps. The more they are independent and self supporting, the more generally will the}” be composed of men of that class which it is most desirable to see in their ranks. If pay were given to the individual members it 1 would lower their tone, and cause the spirit in which they were established to depart from them. They would degenerate into local militia, and come more under military control, while the sum to be shared by each would be hardly worth his receiving. Their chief merit, which .consists in the loyal feelings which they [display, would be lost, if they indulged itlieir patriotism at the expense of the State. ; .

'? “ Any pecuniary assistance which it may be desirable to extend to them, (and of course ruch assistance would not be designed to supersede voluntary contributions from those who are unable to giye their personal service) should be applied through a finance committee i*i each corps in consultation with the commanding officer, and under Government supervision ; and it should be given in proportion to the number of effective members. The

different metropolitan and provincial corps have all : their own peculiar difficulties to contend with. The former oftep want space for exercise, the lattei concentration for training. Some corps have done wonders by small regular subscriptions and economical management, while others are in poverty with ampler means. Aid to the extent of about .£2 per annum for each effective menher /is what they would now be satisfied with ; and there is certainly much force in the argument,, that the officers and others, after converting the experiment, as they have done into a great success, ought now to be relieved from the hea'v y expences which they have in many cases so loyally incurred on account of their men or their fellows. At all events, all the other aid that can be given in assisting them to obtain drillsheds, exercise grounds, rifle ranges, .and practice butts, in convenient situations, will be well bestowed. Many corps have suffered materially from the want of these things ; they are expensive, as well as difficult to obtain. More particularly should the Volunteers be afforded opportunities for field-days, reviews, and shamfiglits, as well as encampments, on the coast and inland, with a view to special training in the directions we have indicated. -

INDIA AND CHINA. The Madras and Calcutta papers inveigh bitterly against the Governor of Madras (Sir W. Denison), on account of his non-progressive policy in Ceylon. There is a deficiency in the yield of plantation coffee and cocoa-nut oil. The Bombay Presidency has sent home <£20,000 to the Lancashire Relief Fund. The new line of French steamers from Marseilles to India and China commenced running on the 26th October. In China the Imperialists continue to gain fresh victories oyer the Taepings. Major Jack Downing once said to General Jackson, “ General, I have always observed that those persons who have a great deal to say about being ready to shed their last drop of blood are amazin’ partic’lar about the first drop.” Raising the. Wind.—As a means of raising additional revenue to meet the expenses of the war, it is suggested that Congress impose a tax of one dollar upon every man under sixty, who carries a cane ; a tax of two dollars upon ladies owning poodles ; a tax of one dollar upon gentlemen under thirty who wear eyeglasses ; a tax upon ladies who wear three flounces, and for every additional flounce above three, two shillings ; a tax of three dollars upon ladies who wear hoops more than ten feet in diameter ; a tax of five dollars upon all pretty women who wear veils, and ten dollars upon all ugly ones who don’t. —American Paper .