EUROPEAN NEWS.

Wanganui Chronicle, Volume 6, Issue 315, 30 October 1862, Page 3

EUROPEAN NEWS.

LATEST NEWS, via JUBAL. London, Sept. 1. Garibaldi has been defeated and taken prisoner by Victor Emmanuel’s troops in Calabria. He was to be tried by the Senate. Ireland is in a state of great turbulence. Thousands of people are fleeing from America to Canada, and persons have been arresied. even for speaking against the continuance of the war. - The Chartered Bank of India has lost £40,000 by opium frauds. London, Sept. 4. 2000 volunteers were captured .vith Garibaldi at Ataspiamon't. The Queen is in Germany. Further Confederate successes are reported. McClellan has left James ri\er. Kentucky has been invaded and Somerset captured. The' Archbishop of Canterbury is dying. London, August, 26. The Australian June Mails were delivered in London‘on the 16th and 21st August. Her Majesty was to leave Scotland for the Continent, September Ist, accompanied by the Prince of Wales. After visiting the King of the Belgians she intended to remain for some weeks in strict seclusion.

Parliament was prorogued by Commission on August 7th, until 24th October. Her Majesty’s speech is in effect that her relations with foreign powers arc friendly and satisfactory—that there is no danger of any disturbance of. peace in Europe —- and that she will remain strictly neutral in American affairs, 'ihis- declaration was received everywhere with great satisfaction but in America. The ‘ Court J ournal ’ states the marriage of the Prince of Wales with the Princess Alexandria of Denmark will take place next year.

Her Royal 1-iighness the Princess of Prussia was confined August 14th, of a son.

The Great Exhibition continues successful.

‘ Great Eastern ’ sailed for New .York on August 10th. 800 passengers, and 2500 tons of cargo. T'>e Queen has given £2300 ; the Pacha of Egypt, £IOOO ; London, £25,000 ; and Liverpool, £'25,000, to the relief fund.

.'1 he third series of . public sales of colonial wool for the current year commenced on August Ist. The opening bidding ruled somewhat active, and the closing rates of last sales were well maintained. In some instances there were slight advances in price. The arrivals of wool to the Ist of August reached 106, 682 bales.

In the money market there is little doing, although there is a good demand, but the low rate disinclines money-lenders to do business.

On, the Stock Exchange money is abundant, at 1 and 14 per cent. The Bank rate of discount being 2 per cent. Obituary. —Sir Allan Me Nab, Mr. Ricardo, M.P., Lord Dungannon, Professoi Trail, the Dean of Gloucester, and General Lord John Hay.

AMERICA.

August 12.

The hot season has in a great measure suspended actual operations in the field, hut a battle has taken place in the Virginia Valley between the forces of General Stonewall Jackson and Pope. Confederates obtained the advantage. . ~M’Ollellau’s army is suffering severely from sickness, men dying in hundreds. Thermometer 94 degrees in the shade.

The Confederate ram Arkansas was blown up by her crew to avoid capture, after doing great execution on a fleet of. Federal Gunboats in the Mississipi.

Raton Rouge has been recaptured by the Confederates.

General Halleck is appointed Comman-der-in-f hief of the armies of the union. M’Clellan retains his command.

A war meeting was held at Washington on the 6th August, which the President attended,—a step entirely without precedent. The meeting resolved that the Union should be preserved or the country made a desert.; that the war ought to be prosecuted on a scale limited only by the resources of the States ; that the leading rebels were irreclaimable traitors who ought to be expelled the country; and that the Act declaring the slaves of rebels free was approved ; that traitors in Washington, both male and female be arrested ; and that Government ought to be supported whatever its policy. The meeting was a large one for Washington and the fiercer the resolution, the stronger the applause. President Lincoln’s call for levy of a 300,000 men has not'been responded to In spite of the bounty money offered by the federal Government, by states and by individuals—amounting on an average, to 50 dollars per man, not a twentieth part of the required number of recruits came foi ward. President Davis has ordered that all Federal Officers who may be captured are not to be treated as prisoners of war, but to be kept in close confinement, and that for all civilians murdered by Federals, an equal number of these officers are to be hanged.. The Congress adjourned on the 17th July. During the session it has appropriated 800,000,000 dollars, including 5 0,000,000 dollars for the army, and 100,000,000 dollars for the navy. It passed a Militia bill, authorising the President to employ negroes for camp service for which they are competent; also to accept 100,000 volunteers for nine months’ service, with 25 dollars bounty and one month’s advance pay. The President has ordered that all vacancies in supply of the men shall be filled up by drafting, and that another draft be made of 300,000 more. This is a demand for 600,000 men.

The drafting order has caused intense excitement in the North. No one liable to conscription is allowed to leave the country without a passport. According to all accounts there is a complete stampede of able-bodied men ; attempts are made to resist this flightjby force—every port is watched, and the Canadian frontier guarded. The deck of an English steamer was crowded with fugitives, and there have been actual fights with the police, who arrest all who have not passports. No

one can quit Washington without a permit. No one can leave the country with-

out a pass. Those who are arrested are taken to the nearest district post and enrolled. Writ of Habeas Corpus suspended. All persons who discourage volunteering are docked up. The Confederates are building three iron-clad steamers for Janies river. General Butler’s conduct has been outdone by that of a Federal colonel named Turchin. He was ordered bv his General (Mitchell, the astronomer) to reduce the small town of Athens, in Alabama, to Federal authority. The inhabitants made obstinate resistance, which so exasperated Turchin that just before the place was captured he told his soldiers he would shut his eyes for two hours after they took it. Athens contains the finest and most celebrated high school for young ladies, who were subjected to atrocities too horrible to be penned.

There is no metal currency of any kind in the north, the only medium of exchange being stamps, like postage-stamps, as low as 1 cent. The few incidents of the month'are for the most part in favour of the ConfedeTates. An article in tlie * Times’ of the 26th Aug. summarises the more recent news from America. It concludes with the following passage : “ All over the Western States the war is sporadic, and assuming on both sides an aspect of greater atrocity; the savage Indian tribes have been arrayed on both sides, and Choctaws and Cherokees, and guerilla bands, are stepping in on the Moody stage, which is broader than all Europe. Guerillas ‘wiped out’ in one place, rise _up and take a turn in another. A sick Federal General is murdered in

his ambulance, the Federals lay waste the district, bang "the people in the neighbourhood, and burn the houses. Tennessee is s wanning now with bands of patriots on both sides, and the poor people are plundered as they were in the days of the, old war. A Confederate .General is assassinated by a Tennessee Unionist. Missouri seems to be handed over to marauders on both sides. The report of the capture of Baton Rouge is renewed, and there is no confirmation of the destruction of the Arkansas. It is 1 impossible to make anything out of the accounts of these fights, except that Mor-gan-or Quantrell, or Porter’s bands, aie killing people or taking or leaving places, or are being killed by other Americans — 50 here and 150 there, all over vast tracts

of. country, that railway trains are fired into, bridges cut or burnt; mails stopped; that blood is flpwing like water, and that j TJn ; on feeling is not to be found in the South under the-keenest search of the bayonet. Sickpess is nearly universal. < General Butler is uneasy about his posi- . tion in New Orleans, his spies prove un- ‘ trustworthy, commerce does not revive, . nor can it at all cheer him to hear of the ‘ rams,’ preparing at Mobile. “ These Statements are contained in the American papers by Americans of Americans. Because they are sifted and reproduced here, the‘New York World’ piously hopes they may ‘ be even with our - English cousins some day.’ And for what it would be hard to say, indeed, ex--1 cept that this holding of the mirror up to

the Federal face causes disagreeaole reflections. The recruiting which is going on actively is admitted to be caused by the desire to get the bounty, which would not be paid if the Men waited till they were drafted and the vanity and conceit of the people nursed to a degree bordering on insanity by their papers which talk of‘the march of a million of soldiers with their glistening bayonets and well trained cannon.’” ITALY. Garibaldi has entered Catania on the east of Sicily, and is reported to have crossed over to Calabria at night. He was received in Sicily with enthusiasm. Sicily is placed under martial law, and the coasts blockaded. He anticipates wresting Rome from the French; his ciy is “ Rome or death !” August 23. The, Tuscan correspondent of the Time s states that Calabria is full of Garibaldians in arms ; that the king’s officials in that province are abandoning their posts, and throwing up their commissions rather than fight against Garibaldi-—whilst private soldiers evince the same symptoms by open insubordination. Meanwhile the French army of occupation at Rome has been strongly reinforced, and King Victor Emanuel has issued a proclamation, declaring Garibaldi a rebel. This is the chief political topic in France and it is said, the Emperor totally disapproves the movement. The Monileur has announced that the French Government, under present circumstances, is more than ever bound to defend the Pope. FRANCE. The National fete was held as usual on the 15th August. The Emperor gave no intimation as to Ms Italian policy, as was expected. 25,000 additional troops were to be despatched to Mexico. . The Confederate Commissioner, Mr. Slidell, had been very favourably received by the Emperor., CAPE of GOOD HOPE. News has arrived up to August 19th. Reliable information is received to the effect, that Dr. Livingston had died of fever, from which all his party had suffered considerably. Mrs. Livingston died of fever on the 28th April at Shupauga. The Graham’s Town Crystal Palace had been blown down by a hurricane. The Steamer Golden Fleece, from Calcutta, for England, had put in, totally dismantled ; her captain washed overboard in a gale. CHINA. Advices are from Hong Kong to the 27th, and from Shanghai to the 18th Augt. The Taiping rebels are again threatening to disturb the countiy within tjie prescribed boundaiy of thirty miles, and we fear that as the cold weather'sets in, they will cause us muen annoyance, and check the inland trade, which was just being revived. The disciplined Chinese under Ward have doife good service during the past month, against the rebels. Kinsang, Leohu, Tsingpoo. and Yu Yao having in succession been attacked, and either captured or destroyed. [from our own correspondent]. London, August 26, 1862. The June mail from Australia arrived here somewhat short of its usual punctuality, having only been delivered on the 16th. It brings, however, letters from Otago, dated 18th June, being replies to communications by the London mail of April, thus completing the circle in four months, which is certainly most satisfactory. The session of Parliament was closed on the 7th inst., the Queen's speech being delivered by Commission. It excited but a languid amount of interest, fitly closing a most profitless and uninteresting session. The last days of the session were, however, enlivened by a strong display of activity and irritation on the part of Mr. Cobden, in his favourite part of hostile critic on Lord Palmerston. My last letter mentioned the bitter attacks he made on one or two occasions, directed solely against the Premier, in connection with naval ana military expenditure. Warming to his work, with his animosity intensifying by practice, he repeated these attacks on occasions with which national defence had nothing to do. I have often before commented on the malignant hostility Mr. Cobden displays against Palmerston. The existence of this feeling is, however, strenuously denied by his apologists, who maintain, as he does himself, that high principle alone guides him, and that the motive power is simply a desire to keep in check what he considers our extravagant expenditure. But, as if to justify all his enemies have said, and to shew that it is the man he dislikes, and not the policy merely, Mr. Cobden, on the late occasions I am alluding to, attacked Lord Palmerston with envenomed bitterness on matters altogether foreign to war or armaments. The Government had introduced a measure to provide against the growing distress in Lancashire, by granting to parishes power to receive aid from Unions, widening the area on which taxation might be levied, and thus lighteningitsjincidence where pauperism might be heaviest. It was a very harmless and necessary measure as far as it went; and so anxious were the Government to conciliate Lancashire interests, that they yielded to the representations made by Mr. Cobden andjothers, and introduced an entirely novel, and, as many think, dangerous provision, in the Bill, allowing parishes to borrow money on the security of the rates, where they might prefer doing this to depending on

a rate in aid, and where the rate might have reached a very high amount.. On such a subject, of general and almost melancholy importance, it might have been thought personalities would have been too much out of place in the estimation of any man of proper feeling; yet even this subject Mr. Cobden managed to make the vehicle for a discharge of his personal antipathy against Lord PalmKston. The latter, in discussing the position of. manufacturers, took occasion to condemn , the conduct of some among them, who, instead of w orking up their cotton and so employing their men, sold their cotton at a large profit and shut their mills, thus filling their own pockets while they lett their own workmen to beg or starve. Mr. Cobden controverted this statement, and defended the whole body of manufacturers, and not content with this, he denounced the Premier for the “levity” and “habitual recklessness,” with which he hazarded charges which had no foundation in fact. Now, it so happens that the originator of this particular accusation was not-Lord Palmerston, but Mr. Farnall, the Poor Law Inspector, specially commissioned to enquire into the distress ; and he, speaking with all the weight ’of Official authority, publicly churgedcertainofthe mill-owners with indifference to the fate of their men by the very conduct stated. Mr. Farnall’s statements have never been denied, and Mr. Cobden adduced no facts in contradiction of them. It was sufficient for him to gratify his spite against the Prime Minister by a safe general denial and an insolent insinuation that the latter was indifferent to truth. The “levity” and “recklessness” are therefore Mr. Cobden’s, not Lord Palmerston’s ; and the latter, in refraining from pressing the point, shewed a forbearance and good feeling which his detractor could not appreciate and will certainly not imitate. Gathering courage by impunity, Mr. Cobden, after this little episode, gave notice in the House only a few days before file close of the' session, that he would offer some observations on the position of parties and the policy of "the Government. He accordingly did so, and his speech consisted, as every one anticipated, of a long and envenomed attack on Lord Palmerston individually. He denounced him as faithless to the three disrinetive principles of the liberal party—peace, retrenchment, and reform ; as only remaining in office by the help of the Conservative? ; and as systematically misleading public opinion on the question of national defence and dangers abroad. In fact, if Mr. Cobden is to be believed, Lord Palmerston is the de facto ruler of this country, and has thrown its people into a sort of trance or potent spell, under the influence of which he can get them to do anything. Now, we all know that this is the merest nonsense. Lord Palmerston’s vast popularity is based oh his well known patriotism, his high character and. celebrity abroad, his generous nature and his diplomatic skill and foresight. When Mr. Cobden rants about the watchwords of the Liberal party and Lord Palmerston’s neglect of implied pledges, he simply beats the air. ’ Lord Palmerston is as attached to peace as Mr. Cobden, and has shewn that he knows how to secure it; he is willing to go as far in the direction of reform as public opinion will support him, though he sees no beauty in vote by ballot; and as for retrenchment, taunts on this subject come with a specially bad grace from Messrs/ Cobden and Bright, who never by any chance take any part in opposing money votes in the House of Commons,(however extravagant these may be, but content themselves with vague and purposeless declamation. Lord Palmerston’s reply to Mr. Cobden’s tirade was very calm and' moderate in tone, so much so that it seemed tarns compared with what the occasion demanded. One or two smart sallies, however, shewed that the tameness proceeded not from want of power but want of will. Lord Palmerston’s hand has not lost its cunning of fence, as Mr. Cobden will assuredly discover next session, should his vanity, kindled by the applause of his toadies, incite him to a renewal of the assault.

The disorganised state of parties' was, however, shewn in the debate. After Lord Palmerston had replied to Cobden, Mr. Disraeli got up, and with an affectation of judicial impartiality, weighing the evidence between appellant and respondent, gave his decision of course against the latter. He embraced the occasion to put forth a summary of political faith This wAs, -characterised by.' the same ingenious efforts fo 'attach adherents from all quarters of tbio’ political hemisphere, that amused some and revolted a good many others during the previous period of the session. He threw out a sprat to the ultramontane mackerel, and a herring to the radical whale, and proved to his own satisfaction that the ark of Derbyite Conservatism was the right home for all. Now, this is not satisfactory to the Protestant Conseivatives of the old school, and they take no pains to conceal their distrust. Accordingly, no sooner had Mr. Disraeli sat down than Mr. Newdegate, the colleague of Mr. Spooner in the representation of North Warwickshire, and like him a fervent anti-Maynooth man, rose and said that for his part political principle was of more importance than party action'; and that he did not think Lord HalAferston’s a had lost’the confidence of the country ! This was a pretty plain rebuke of Mr. Disraeli’s unprincipled versatility, and had all the more weight that Mr. Newdegate, besides being a man of high personal 5 character and consistency, was on this occasion the mouthpiece of many malcontents, who if it came to the push, would rather support Palmerston than Disraeli, as Mr. Cobden tauntingly told them, not. however, as he insinuated, because the former was more Conservative than the latter, but simply because he was a lii&h-

minded statesman, and the other a tricky adventurer.

But the futility of all efforts to shake the hold which Lord Palmerston has of the goad opinion of his countrymen was conspicuously shewn soon after this episode. Mr. Cobden’s attack came off a few days before the close of the session, and on the day after the prorogation, when the .was fresh in everybody’s mind, the Premier paid a visit to Sheffield, invited by the Mayor to a public banquet. In this radical and manufacturing borough his reception was ol the most enthusiastic character, amounting to an ovation of almost royal dimensions. The people thronged the streets and cheered him to the echo; at the banquet the applause was equally marked, and on his departure from the town he was escorted to the railway station by military, and musical bands, the crowds shouting good wishes and congratulations till the train bore him away. This emphatic reply by the hard working citizens of Sheffield to his persistent vilifiers excited great interest and some surprise, though of course, it hugely pleased the Yiscount himself. With the close of the Session all matters of political inteiest have for the time ceased, and both Ministers and legislators are scattered in all directions. The Houses of Parliament are deserted by all but Provincial sight-seers, while since the 12th inst. the crack of breech-loaders and double barrels has been heard on many a moor, and on the Ist prox. many a turnip field will be trodden in celebration of the feast of St. Partridge. The London world is out of town, which means that of the nearly three millions of population in the metropolis a tenth part have gone elsewhere, leaving a trifle of only about two and a half millions remaining in London. To make up for this, however, the influx of foreigners and provincials to see the Exhibition continues, and the building is still thronged on the shilling days. The only distinguished visitor we have, is the Duke de Brabant, the eldest son of King Leopold of Belgium, who is over here with his wife and brother. The members of the Government are scattered in all directions. Lord Palmerston is starring it at the Cinque Ports, of which he is Warden Earl Russell is in; Ireland, and one of the Secretaries of State is of course in attendance on the Queen at Balmoral. She still lives in the strictest retirement, attending Divine service in the castle with the other members of the family, instead of at Crathie parish church as formerly. Early next month she goes to Germany, where she will remain for some time, chiefly at Saxe Coburg, partly it is believed on business connected with the Duchy, to which Prince Alfred is immediate heir. Of. course she will also see her married daughters, the eldest of whom, Princess Frederick William of Prussia, has just had a son, the third child since her marriage little more than four years ago. The rumour is again revived of the approaching marriage of the Prince of Wales, and the lady is the same as in the previous report —namely, Princess Alexandria of Denmark. It is believed that he will meet her and her parents at Ostend shortly in the course, of a short Continental tour, and, should the coui’se of this interesting love run smoothly, that the marriage will take place next year. Prince Alfred was to have gone tj Australia for a voyage, when probably you would have seen him in New Zealand, but the project is for the present deferred.Our law courts have lately given us something to talk about. What with Irish agrarian murders and English rapes, breaches of promise on the part of confiding governesses and attempted suicides by betrayed servant girls, forgeries and purgarotting of peaceful citizens and threatening of millionaires, it is evident to the meanest comprehension that we are far indeed from the day when iniquity is to hide her face ashamed. One of the most striking cases, involving a perfect romance of crime, and connected with a well known ex M. P. has come to light within the last day or two, before the assizes at Guildford. It was a case pf ejection from an estate wrongfully acquired, and the facts were these. Mr. William Roupell, a young fellow reputed to possess enormous wealth, was elected M.P. for the borough of Lambeth in 1857, coming in at the head of the poll by an immense majority over all the other candidates. His expenditure was lavish and reckless, amounting to at least ,£IO,OOO, hut this in a gentleman credited with the possession of half a million of money seemed nothing out of the way. He was very popular, and eminently so with that numerous class who like a man “ that spends his money like a gentleman.” However, in the spring of this year he resigned his seat, to the great surprise of the outside public, and then it got bruited abroad that he was in pecuniary difficulties, and had been obliged to bolt for the Continent. The next thing heard of him was when he turned up at this trial at Guildford, to which place he came from Spain. Then came out a most astounding disclosure. It transpired that this Roupell was only the illegitimate son of his father, and although the father afterwards married, the woman, this only rendered the children who were born sub-. sequently legitimate by the law of EngWilliam of course remaining a baAfcard*.- But he had great influence-with his’father and the entire management of his property, which included large and valuable estates near London, mostly in Surrey. Old Roupell died in 1856* leaving, as this son found out, a will which bequeathed nearly the whole of his property, amounting to about £200,000, to his lawful children. The aspiring bastard, however, was not to be baulked. He determined to secure all the property to himself, and this he managed by the simple process of getting possession of the original will, destroying it, and then

making out a fresh, one, to which.he forged, his father's signature, and the signature of two witnesses as well! This was duly proved by him in the Court of Probate, and, the other children being then too young to make any opposition, it was passed, and for the time villainy received its reward. Like most ill-gott6n gains, however, the property took to itself wings and fled from the hands of the usurper so uncommonly fast that by the end of the year 1861 he was embarrassed and left the country. Before this he had sold most of the properties or mortgaged them, and a fine inheritance was thus recklessly dissipated. Either* thereupon, his conscience smote him for having defrauded the . lawful heirs, or these heirs had, through other channels, heard suspicions of foul play. The first step they took was to claim restoration of the property from those who had bought it, and William Roupell was put into the witness box and disclosed the whole mystery of crime, admitting that he had been guilty of forgery and perjury, that he was not the rightful heir, and had therefore no power to sign away the property to. others, and that all the purchases and assignments were void ab initio> The result, so far as the property was concerned, was a compromise, the loss being equally divided between the claimant and the holders—as regarded Roupell himself, the necessary consequence was that he was remanded to gaol to stand his trial for forgery, with the pleasant prospect of penal servitude for life. Of foreign news the most interesting, as usual, refers to the States—once United—of America. My last mentioned the repulse of General McClellan from before Richmond, after seven days’lighting. His army still remains in the peninsula between. James river and the Chickahominy, but dispirited, and sadly reduced in numbers from sickness and desertions. Reinforcements have been sent to him in driblets, but it is known that the Confederates have also received-large accessions of strength, and they have built one or two formidable iron-clad rams, which will, when brought into action,; reduce to little bits the gunboat flotilla of tbe. North. McClellan’s position is most critical, and we daily look for news of his surrender, as it is not to be supposed the Confederates will remain inactive while his army is being recruited. From the north of .Virginia an army is advancing to his assistance under General Pope, and mis army was met on the 9th inst., at ;a place called Culpepper, by a Confederate force under the redoubtable General “Stonewall ” Jackson. The Northern accounts gave the result as a drawn battle, which probably means that they were defeated. We shall no doubt soon bear again of Jackson’s doings, as he is one of-the best Confederate officers, and almost the only specimen of military genius this war has produced. He is also reputed to be a religious man, and before this war broke ont he used to conduct a revival prayer meeting at a place where he was stationed. He has the faculty of inspiring his own followers with implicit confidence and devotion, and his enemies with vague uneasiness and panic terror from the swiftness and secrecy of his blows. In the Western States success has uniformly been on the side of the Confederates. They had nearly lost command of the Mississippi, retaining only Vicksburg, which, being besieged by a large land force as well as a flotilla of mortar and gunboats, would, it was expected, soon fall. But to the surprise of the Northerns, an extemporised steam ram, mail-clad, named the ‘Arkansas,’ suddenly made its appearance in the river above Vicksburg, having been secretly constructed in a tributary stream called the Yagoo, and this steamer sailed down the river to Vicksburg, running the gauntlet of the whole Federal fleet, amongst whom it dealt destruction right and left, and finished by coming to anchor under the batteries of the besieged town. Thus reinforced the place became almost impregnable, and the Federals then raised the siege and retired, the gunboat flotilla sailing down the Mississippi to New Orleans. Here General Butler still holds command for the Federals, ruling the place with a rod of iron, insulting the foreign Consuls, and playing the bashaw over defenceless women, raining trade, and arousing inextinguishable hatreds. His position, however, is fast becoming untenable. The Confederates, profiting by their success at Vicksburg, are following it lower down the river, and have taken Baton Rouge, an important place near New Orleans. We are told that in this last exploit the ram * Arkansas,’ above mentioned, took part, and that she was subsequently ran aground and blown up, but this wants confirmation. Charleston and Savannah still remain free from Northern invasion, and at both ports iron-clad floating batteries are. said to be constructing with a view to driving off the blockading force. Meanwhile, President Lincoln’s call for 300,000 volunteers has been followed by a demand for another 300,000 to be drawn from the State Militia ; but though tbe spirits are summoned they are very slow in coming. It is estimated that only about a fifth of the required number have yet been got, and these not tempted by the high bounties, or by motives of patriotism, but simply from fear of the coming conscription. The dread of draughting is driving from the country thousands who have no heart for any war, still less for a war against those who lately were their brothers. Crowds are crossing the frontier into Canada; every steamer to Great Britain is thronged with returning fugitives, mostly Irish ; and many who had, as they Imagined, finally left the benign rule of Queen Victoria behind them, were suddenly seized with an irresistible desire again to declare themselves, subjects of her sceptre. The British Consulates are daily besieged .with people who claim certificates as British subjects, and the German officials are nearly in a similar position. All this simply shows how sick the Northerns are of the war. They will pay Germans or Irish to fight for them, but will not fight themselves. Still the dread of conscription is driving many to enlist, who argue that, if they must fight, they may as well fight as volunteers and get the bounty, and eventually, no doubt, the 300,000 will be got after a fashion. But long before they can be drilled into good fighting material the .precious cool autumn months will have passed, and active operations must be postponed to the following spring. Amidst all this, the antipathy in the North to the unfortunate Negro race* and the utter hollowness of the pretence that the war is for their emancipation, have again been exhibited in two conspicuous instances. In the city ' of New York a factory, in which Negroes were largely employed, was attacked by a mob ol Irish, who attempted to burn it and the Negroes together. The blacks resisted, and ultimately the police quieted the disturbance. But the cause of this riot was significant. The Negroes interfere to a considerable extent "with the Irish in the labour market of New York, and thus tend to moderate the rate of wages. The Celtic mind does not readily appreciate the cold' laws of- political economy, and therefore views with great jealousy the rivals in the field. Hence the attempt to drive the Negroes out of New York, and the attempt met with no censure from the “ enlightened ” journals of that city. The other instance was in connection with the siege of Vicksburg. Some thousands of Negroes had been employed in digging a huge trench to divert the channel of the Mississippi. When the Union forces abandoned the siege, the Negroes very naturally ' thought that those who had used their labour, and professed to be

their liberators, would take them their protection* and not expose them to tie certain vengeance of the masters from whom they had escaped. But, inoredible as it may seem, the Northern forces absolutely drove back the poor fugitives from the vessels, and would not take one of them, leaving them on the shore destitute, starving, and helpless, in presence of their infuriated foes. The Northerns used the • Negro labour for their own purpose, and when that was served, cast them off like used-up tools. Could Southern Slaveowners do worse? Meanwhile the country is flooded with paper currency, down even to postage stamps* and pieces of l£d each. Metallic change has almost disappeared, and all sorts of makeshifts are in circulation. We are told that lately a lady, maiking a purchase in a shop, received as change for a one-dollar bill the following articles— Ferry tickets, shinplaster, counterfeit penny, car| ticket, milk ticket, butcher’s 10 U, grocer’s I O U, bread ticket, three-cent postage stamps, ono-cent postage stamp, and ice-cream ticket t Happy republic I The news from the Continent is not very pleasant; from Italy it may be,termed squally. Garibaldi has raised the banner of insurrection in Sicily, with the avowed intention of 'marching on Rome, and to-day it is stated that he has landed on the coast of Calabria. He of' course still professes his loyalty to King Victor Emmanuel, but is furious against the Emperor of the French, whom he charges with perfidy and 'selfishness in withholding from Italy her natural capital. The position =of matters is any--thing but reassuring. All Italy will probably rise at the summons of Garibaldi, whose name has lost nothing of its magic power. Louis Napoleon announces, through the Moniteur, that he will protect the Fbpe, at all hazards. A collision thus seems inevitable, and there can belittle hope that the raw, though enthusiastic; ... levies of Garibaldi will stand for a moment • against the trained soldiery of France. Anyway the result promises to be disastrous to the rising fortunes of the young kingdom. Garibaldi, in common with every patriotic Italian, has lost patience at the long-deferred consolidation: of the country, and the position of the-French in Rome; he has no faith in diplomacy, and has apparently made up his mind, to a bold cast, trusting to his invariable good fortune.to elicit good from the evil. The French have sent reinforcements to Rome, and the Italian Government have poured in troops into Sicily, but neither has yet availed to check his advance for a moment. It is strongly suspected that even the army sympathises with him, and will not fire a shot against their illustrious countryman. By next mail you may expect to hearof stirring events. Meanwhile,' the preparations for the marriage of King Victor Emanuel’s second daughter to the King of Portugal advance apace, and the 15th Sept, is fixed as the wedding day. Business on the whole is dull just now. Wo are having magnificent harvest weather,- and ife is hoped that after all the crops will be about an average. The funds rise about ah eighth per cent, on a fine day, and fall about the sameon a wet day, averaging 93J. The corn market fell 2s a quarter at Mark Lane yesterday.. The wool sales are now, going on with satisfactory results as to price. Cotton has again risen, with wild speculation, but America is nearly oijt of the market now. Factory after factory is being closed in Lancashire, and the distress spreads and deepens. Immense sums of money are given by the charitable,[but spite of all this the prospect for the winter is black - indeed. The only glimpse of consoling intelligence is in the prospect of large supplies of cotton from India, under the stimulus of high prices here. The Queen has placed the first stone of a cairn to be erected to tbe memory of the Prince Consort on the summit of a hill near Balmoral. The great memorial to him in London is to.take the form of a statue in Hyde Park, facing a large Hall, which is to be devoted to purposes, of science and art. The most eminent artists are preparing designs. Prince Alfred is now at St. Petersburg, the guest of the Emperor. P. M.—Garibaldi has landed in Calabria, and several towns have risen to aid him.

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