THE WANGANUI CHRONICLE AND RANGITIKEI MESSENGER. “Verite sans peur.” Wanganui, May, 29, 1862.

Wanganui Chronicle, Volume 6, Issue 293, 29 May 1862, Page 3

THE WANGANUI CHRONICLE AND RANGITIKEI MESSENGER. “ Verite sans peur.” Wanganui, May, 29, 1862.

Some Advertisements received late liave obliged ns to keep out the article prepared for this part of the paper as well as some local news. EETTER TO THE EDITOR. Wanganui, May 23, .1862. Sir, —In your issue of the 22d instant, you report a case that came before the resident magistrates’ court—Orr v. Pawson. If you have reported the evidence correctly, I should ask the bench (if such a question can be asked at such an honourable andjearned body of men), from what pai’t of the evidence they have formed their verdict, to make the defendant pay something like the tune of 20/. sterling for obeyinggtlie lawful commands, of his employer. The judgment is actually given against William Pawson, who seems to be in the service of his brother, and I have no doubt will have to pay the damage out of his own pocket. If the verdict is legal, it will form a good pretext for us servants for not obeying the orders of our masters. As in case of accident, such as happened in the one referred to, a servant would not have much of his wages to pocket at the end of the year. The facts of the case seem to me (I take your published report to be correct and it is from it I judge) to be very simple. It appears that some cattle had been bought from David Lind by John Pawson, butcher, to be delivered on the town side of the river. Lind says there was no particular place. John Pawson says that they were to be delivered at the slaughter-house, and- that he had told his brother William to go and assist Lind through the town with them. William Pawson who is the victim in this case says, that Lind payed for the removal of the beast to the slaughter house after it was shot, which is pretty conclusive evidence that Lind considered himself boundto deliver the cattle, Lind is too “ canny ” a Scotchman to pay for it being removed after his part of the bargain was completed, which it would have been hacl he only to deliver on the side of the river. At all events either Lind or John Pawson was the proper parties to go to for redress. In ordinary courts the plaintiff might; as well have gone to the man in the moon for damages as to William Pawson. He might have summoned Page the policeman, who was the immediate cause of the beast getting up and tossing Grr ; or according to the evidence he might have summoned any of the mob that was assisting Lind or the ■purchaser of the beast to get it to the slaughter-house: any of those men were as liable for the accident as Wm. Pawson was ; and if we take this case as a precedent I cant see why judgment would not. have been given against either of them.

But why not dismiss the case 1 and the plaintiff’s solicitor could have advised his client, who was the pi’oper person to go to for damages, and if matters could not be arranged fresh summons could have been issued and the saddle put on the right horse. I must beg the bench’s pardon for presuming to differ in opinion from them, 'seeing they have been chosen from amongst the people, to rule over us by our well-beloved, who ruleth in high places, and who seldom or never errs.

I cannot however pass over this decision, which I consider unjust to the defendant and quite illegal, without calling the attention of our wise councils to it, and if legal, •to warn my fellow-ser-vants when asked by their masters or neighbours fto assist in driving cattle through the town, to beware of what they are doing, and remember the case of poor Bill Pawson. Yours, A Servant. AUCKLAND. (From our own Correspondent.) Auckland, May 7, 1862.

Our Council here is just about drawing its session to a close—and is now expiring almost of innition. Por several months it has been the scene of violent partisanship—the great majority of its members being extremely hostile to the Superintendent, who is supposed by his opponents to be reckless in his expenditure of, the public money. There have been financial committees, reports and proceedings innumerable, sufficient to confound and perplex any ordinary reader of the newspapers; but little impression, however, seems to have been made on his Honor, who resolutely pursues the “ even tenor of his way.” As a last resort, the Council by a small majority petitioned his Excellency to remove him, but was unsuccessful. 'Mr. Williamson has had a powerful supporter lately in Dr. Pollen, recently elected to the Council previous to which the opposition party had it almost all their own way. It is a real misfortune to a province when the Council and Superintendent are at loggerheads. The interests of the country suffer terribly from the conflicts of political partizanship. Notwithstanding this, however, affairs are here in the most prosperous condition. There is abundance of work for all, with uncommonly good wages. The merchants and farmers are all thriving.' The town

is rapidly extending. Building allotments find ready purchasers at high prices. Several large blocks of town and suburban land have lately been cut up-into small building allotments—and at public sales have realized large sums. Should Coromandel turn out a paying gold field, as every one thinks it ultin ately will, this will give a further impetus to the country. Considerable quantities of gold have been found, three specimen saucerfuls of which I have seen—one of dark sand, well impregnated with the shining particles, and two of quartz gravel, very rich with the precious metal. The general impression at present is, that the diggings will not be alluvial, but that with machinery for crushing the quartz, a large return will be got. We may then, by and by, have a large influx of diggers, —and, in addition to these, 1000 nonconformists are expected from England, to form a distinct settlement by themselves. Amongst the parties engaged to. come, almost all trades are represented, with the exception of a hair-dresser! So states the official report:—Poor deluded creUtrs ! they will only be top- ready, after, being in the bush a while, to comb their hair with their fingers. The volunteers who have been doing garrison duty for some time in town have been relieved by the regular soldieiy, from which I infer that satisfactory progress has been made with the military road towards theWaikato. I believe 500 men are to be left at the other end of the road, the rest of the troops returning. In that neighbourhood, bv the way, there is a field of coal now being worked, and as the company has lakt down a tramway to the water carriage, Auckland will derive more benefit than hitherto from the coal, the price of which is about 30s. a ton. Since the last mail, we have had a terrible storm here, that did a vast deal of mischief to the shipping. The wharf is very much exposed to the north-east, from which quarter the gale came. When a strong wind sets in from that quarter, it brings up a heavy rolling sea that drives the vessels against the wharf. Next morning after the gale it was really pitiable to behold the devastation that had been wrought. All along the wharf vessels were lying either almost totally smashed to pieces or greatly damaged. Some 12 or 14 suffered in this way, and in one place several were actually huddled together the one above the other. The loss will amount, I understand, to some six or seven thousand pounds. The Assembly will soon meet in Wellington : Mr. Pox is master of the situation. The war feeling has amazingly cooled down within the last six months; and the most sang;.iinary advocates of the s.word are now perfectly willing to give the measures of the peace party a fair trial. For my own part, I have always thought that to court a general war with the natives would be a piece of sheer madness. A general war would have desolated the whole province, as Taranaki was, and thousands would have been glad to get away, and ready to curse the day ever they set foot on our shores. May the day be far distant when the insignia of martial law shall float over our cities, and may we long live in peace with the Maori, even should lie be somewhat unreasonable in his demands sometimes. You will see that the Bank of New Zealand is doing well, and its success is turaing the attention of the merchants to a now scheme —that of a whale fishing company, which trade has been monopolised hitherto by brother Jonatlian. During the excitement about the Trent affair, four whalers were here, and on the amicable adjustment of the matter, the merchants entertained the captains to a dinner—tickets 30s.—rather a round sum for an evening’s entertainment. Several excellent speeches were made, there being in my opinion, rather a large average of speaking talent among our merchants here. I might have mentioned, when speaking of the trade of the place, that the timber branch of it is particularly brisk. We have abundance of splendid kauri forests here-—many saw mills are at work, and others are being erected, — but the supply is scarcely equal to the demand at about 17s the 100 feet. Agreat quantity is exported to Otago and elsewhere, and some firms are making large fortunes. I notice that the cattle sent here sometimes by the “ Heron ”, bring large prices, and could your industrious farmers and runholders only transport their stock here easily and without risk, they would make as large fortunes as our timber merchants—£lß for a bullock !

Postal Time Tables.— -The following time for June is published in the Gazette of May 5. A vessel will arrive at Nelson from Sydney on the 2nd June, at Wellington on the 6th ; leave Wellington on the Oth, Nelson on the 13th to arrive at Sydney on the 20th. A steamer leaves Melbourne for Otago on the 12th June to arrive at Port Chalmers on the 19th, A vessel leaves Port Chalmers for Melbourne on the 17th to arrive at Melbourne on the 24th June. The Inter-Provincial steamers will run as follows One vessel leaves Auckland on the 24th May and 24th June and touching at Napier on the 27th reaches Wellington which she leaves on the 29th or 30th of each month, going southward to the Bluff touching at Lyttelton and Port Chalmers. Returning northwards she leaves the Bluff sth June, Port Chalmers the 10th, Lyttelton the 12th Wellington the 14th Napier the 16th and arrives at Auckland on the 18th. Another steamer leaves Manukau on the 2nd June, Taranaka 3rd, Nelson 7th, Picton 9th, Wellington 11th, Lyttelton 14th, thence to Port Chalmers; and on her return north leaves Port Chalmers 20th, Lyttleton 21st, Wellington 23rd, Picton 23rd, Nelson 25th, Taranaki 26th, arriving at Manukau on the 27th. A third vessel leaves Manukau 10th June, Taranaki 11th, Nelson 13th,. Picton 14th, Wellington 15th, Lyttleton 16th, Port Chalmers 19th, thence to the Bluff; going northwards, leaves Bluff on the

24th, Port Chalmers 27th, Lyttelton 30tlb We presume this vessel will continue her course, to Manukau after leaving Lyttelton ; but that -depends ou future arrangements. It will he seen that letters for the Home Mail via Sydney leeve Wellington on the 9th and v ; a Melbourne leave //'elii.igt< n oil. the 11 , Bank of New Zealand. — The first; half-yearly meeting was held on May 7,; at which a dividend of 6 per cent, was declared. The following balance sheet for the [half year ending March 31, ,was read : Dr. ■:

Acclimatisation. —The work of acclimatisation is going on with considerable success in Auckland. Besides the increase to our stock of birds from England by the Cashmere, 89 of which were landed alive, Sir- George Grey has had several valuable additions by way of Sydney ; and the acclimatisation Society expect several animals and birds from California, on the arrival of. the Constance. The acclimatisation Society will receive a grant of four acres, we understand, in the government demesne, which will be used as a cover for these creatures, as well as for the purposes of the Horticultural Society. EUROPEAN NEWS- a...?:. To 20th March. CFrom our own Correspondent.) rr; Lund on, 26r.h March, IS6-2B : " 3 The past four weeks have been rathei interesting in news both domestic and foreign ■ and 1 shall endeavour to summarise all the items, even though in doing so much must be abbreviated. ■ . : - :

Although no measures of first rate importance have been brought forward, by the Government, Parliament Inis not been idle. The House of Commons has already discussed and passed the Army and Navy Estimates two months earlier than usual. The field being thus clear Mr. Gladstone will; bring forward his Budget on the 3rd proximo, but. no interest is excited by it as it is not expected to result in a party fight. 2'lie Bill for legalizing marriages with a deceased wife’s sister has been thrown out on a second reading, thus shewing that the agitation makes no progress, for in previous years the Bill has always successfully passed the Commons and only been thrown out when it reached the Lords. Its fate on the present occasion may be partly owing to the circumstance that for the first time it was-proposed to extend it to Scotland and Ireland, and as in both countries, but especially the former, the feeling is strong against it, the votes of many hitherto neutral members were thrown into the scale to defeat it.

The doings in the Commons however have been tame, flat ancl insipid compared with those in the Lords. This hitherto sedate, aristocratic and irreproachable assembly, amid the shaded elegance of their luxurious ball, have shewn that they can be as badtempered, abusive and personal as the rougher democracy of the lower House. We have been tickled and excited by some rare specimens of what must be termed shindies on the part of the patrician law-giver*, within the last few days. Such choice strains of vituperation, so strong an infusion of personal animosity, and such a ready imputation of bad motives, we do not - ofteu see anywhere and certainly do not generally expect to see among the bold barons of England. The occasion was this. The present Lord Chancellor as I need hardly remind you is the Lord Westbury, better known as the great equity lawyer, Sir Richard Bethell. Now, eminent though he be as a lawyer, he has never been a favorite with his brethren at the bar by reason of a certain imperious tone he was apt to ussume. It is most likely

'that he felt a very sovereign, contempt for those who were so much below himself in leg il attainment, and perhaps lie was right in this, but then he should not have' shewn it so markedly. Since his elevation to the Lords this characteristic lias been shewn towards men who are less disposed to submit to beingibrowbeat than Lord Advocate MoncriefT or any of the other Scotch or English barristers hitherto so unmercifully snubbed by Sir Hit li .id when engaged us counsel with him in appeal cases. Even last* session, when debating the provisions of the Bank-ruptcy-Bill. several of:the= Lords- found fault w.tli the arrogant and dictatorial tone of the Lord Chancellor's remarks, and Lord Cranwortb, himself a passed Chancellor,- once complained that it was not the custom of their lordships to be addressed in such language, but this session is. much worse than

the last in that respect. The particular “ row” which lias suggested these observa-

tions happened in this wise-. By the Bankruptcy Bill of last session, the Insolvent Debtors Court was absorbed in the Bankruptcy Court, and of'course all; the officials connected with it changed their positions in Ike manner. But by a mere oversight in the wording of the Act no provision was made for paying the salaries of these same officials, and in consequence they have been kept in arrear actually for months, and have suffered in some cases most serious hardship. It is a very hard case and reflects no credit on tliose who framed "the /let. These injured officials have found a. mouthpiece ami avenger in Lord Chelmsford (Lord Derby’s late Lord Chancellor) who. in a lon 3 speech a few nights ago pleaded their cause. Unfortunately. he spoiled a good case by tbe very strong hostile animus lie displayed towards the Lord Chancellor, whom lie charged with want of heart, insincerity, suppression: of facts and other heinous sins, saying all this too iu a very aggravating and mocking way. Of course Lord Westbury replied to this, and ns every one feared would be the case, tbe fish-fag style of oratory figured largely in his. speech. lie. charged Lord Chelmsford with malignant hatred towards himself personally, with perveision of facts, with iu short something like wilful falsehood. All this he did in the most annoying tone, one of judicial calmness, without betraying the least passion all the time that lie was administering these blistering inuendoes. As the Times says in a leader on this most unprecedented encounter “ In the mildest and calmest manner, the Lord Chancellor arose, and without a quiver of excitement or an elevation of the voice poured out upon Lord Chelmsford’s head a pellucid calmly flowing stream of vitrol, which lasted for about au hour.” Of course flesh and blood could not stand this,, so Lord .Derby who is a very fair shrew himself rhetorically 7, when he likes,, “ pitched into” the Lord Chancellor in liis turn, and . thus these line specimens of our Norman aristocracy scolded each other, like inflated fishwives, or London costermongers elevated with beer. Lord Granville who never loses ,his temper, replied to Lord Z)erby and defended tbe Lord Chancellor, ami with a few sneers and taunts from, other Lords the debate closed. It certainly reflects no credit on our Upper House, and wliat makes tbe matter worse is that the men who began this undignified squabble and who displayed such infirmity of temper sit every day together to administer justice iu-cases where serene intellect and calm equanimity are imperatively required. New Zealand affairs have.been before the House of Commons twjce. On the 13th Mr. Adderley asked for information as to the new plan of native administration proposed by Sir George Grey, and . whether tiie present military expenditure was to be kept up. Mr. Fortescue, in reply explained the proposed system of self government by native chiefs and councils, under English guidance, and then said that for the future it was intended : to transfer the management of native affairs to the Colonial Government. Also that it was-intended to reduce the number of troops only very gradually. This I presume will give you satisfaction, but it is my duty as a faithful chronicler to tell you that the feeling in this country against Imperial expenditure for purely colonial purposes is getting so strong that the Government must yield to it. This was proved by a debate a few nights afterwards ou packet contracts, in which New Zealand again came on the tapis. In explaining the various votes and replying to objections, Mr. F, Peel, the Secretary to the Treasury assured the House that as the contracts expired the greatest care would be taken not to renew them unless the colonies benefited bore a full share of the expence. He also praised the' “ noble” conduct of Australia in bearing a full moiety of tbe expence for mail conveyance to and from England. In tbe course of tbe after discussion some members objected to the item of £l 2, 000 for mail service between y/ustralia and New Zealand, and enquired how much of this New Zealand paid. Mr. Peel replied, only .£5,000 but that when the contract expired she would be- called upon to contribute a larger proportion-. Now really it appears to me a puzzle in what consists tlm superior nobility of Australia as compared with the implied short-comings of New Zealand, If Australia pays exactly one half and New Zealand pays <£5,000 out of £12,000, it appears to me tbe latter does just about as much as the former* considering the relative status and wealth of the two colonies. I have mentioned the incident however to shew you in what direction the current flows, and I repeat that year by year the imperial expenditure on the felonies for local purposes will fee jealously scrutinized and systema' - ically reduced. There have been several contested elections since nay last. The most notable'was foi the Irish county of Longford, the member of which, Coh While accepted a Lordship of the Treasury, and had in consequence to present himself fof re-election. Her Majesty’s present government being specially unpopular with tbe Ultramontane party on .account of their sympathy with the kingdom of Italy, the priests of Longford headed by their bishop, resolved to oppose Col. White. The candidate tiny

pitched upon was no less a person than Major O'Reilly, the quondam commander of the Irish lrigade in the service of the Dope. The contest was a severe one ami ended with the return of O’Reilly by a majority of 572. The result surprised no one who knew the locality and the chief actors in tbe scene. It was accomplished-by ah intim’d ti m and violence almost unprece dented in the history of'even Irish elections. Hundreds of ,Col. ; Wliite’syoters were driven back on their way to the poll, many were abducted, some beaten within an inclr of, their liv.es, and the military 1:a.,l more than once, to charge the mob. Of course to call this the voice of the Longford constituency is a perfect farce. Major O’Reilly is'Simply for the time the representative, of a certain number of priests. Even ni&de-. rate Homan-.Catholics both in Ireland and here condemn the conduct of the priests as calculated to bring disgrace, on representative government, and all the gentry of the county. Liberal and Conservative sup ; ported Col. Wiiite, as one whoso family had in past days rendered eminent services to liberal principles, when this involved something, like political proscription.. The return has been 'petitioned against and O’Aeiliy will be unseated. That there is ample evidence to bring about this result you may judge, from tbe fol’owing facts, which have been sworn to on the evidence of several J. P s .and the most respectable men in the county, For-nights' before the election the county was patrolled, by bands of armed .fellows, breaking into . houses, swearing people not to vote for Col. Wiiite, destroying windows, smashing doors &e. 'l'he excitement in the chapels on the ■■■previous /Sunday was something fearful. One priest prayed that God would shorten the days of any of his flock who should vote -for' Col. Wiiite. In another chapel the curate was so excited while haranguing the people that he went into a fit and has since died 1 . Another act is recorded so atrocious that it is better to relate it in the words of the magistrate. “ An armed party broke into the house of a respectable man. l.ving I believe on Lord Granard’s estate. Not finding him at home, and foiling to induce his wife to say where he was concealed, tlmytook his infant out of the cradle and held .it over the fire till the wretched mother con fessed where the object of their search lay hid !” Since the election the persecution of those who voted for Col. White has been kept up in a variety of ways. d'he other contests have been at Wakefield where Air Juim D. Hay a conservative, gained the seat vice MivLeatlvam, a brother in law of Bright, unseated for bribery; Wycombe, where Mr. /Remington Mills, a wealthy congregationalist dissenter and liberal, camfi in hv a good majority against Cameron of Loehiel, who opposed him in the conservative interest; and the North Riding of Yorkshire, vacant, by the death of Mr. Cayley. For this seat, there has been a keen contest, but the conservative candidate, il/r. M.orritt of Rokeby (a name familiar to all who have read Lockharts Life of Sir Walter Scott) was the Victor by a majority of 473. The conservatives are crowing lustily over this* but, considering that the North Aiding was a purely agricultural county and repre seated li-nm time immemorial by conservatives, it is difficult to see of wliat they are proud, unless it be of their narrow escape from defeat. As for the boasted conserva.tive re ictioii, it is th merest bcs i. Almost every one of their candidates who comes forward anywhere begins by professing-a general confidence in Lord Palmerston ! I must hasten however to the foreign news which this month is of more than usual interest. There is at least something decided to communicate from America. The Federate have, gamed' important military • successes resulting in the We-e&tablishment of President Lincoln’s authority over the important border states of Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri. The particulars are these. A very large Federal force has for some time been collecting in the Western States that remained loyal to the Union, such as Ohio, Illinois, Minnesota and others, and having been reinforced by a fleet of gunboats' suited to tbe navigation of the rivers, the whole force advanced against the Confederate armies massed in the states of Kentucky and Tennessee, chiefly the latter. The Confederates were much inferior iu number, but they occupied the principal towns and also some hastily constructed fortifisd camps. The first point attacked by tbe Federate was Furt Henry, a feeble fort, feebly garrisoned, which soon succumbed. They then advanced against Fort Donneteon, a much more important print, held by about 15,000 Confederates, under the command of General Floyd, “ the thief” as the Northerns politely term him, who was Secretary for War under the last President Buchanan. Fort Donneteon was fiercely assaulted for three days, but being situated on the Cumberland river iu Tennessee,- it was exposed to the gunboats wmch shelled it at a safe distance, and the combined attack proved too much for the Confederates.' After a most gallant-resistance and one successful sortie, they surrendered on the 16th ult. General Floyd however escaped with about 6,000 men and the best of the artillery. The number of prisoners was in the usual style of exaggeration of the Federate set down at first at 15,000 but is since reduced to little more than half that, while the Federal loss in killed and wounded was at least 3,000, and one.of their gunboats was disabled. It was however a most important success to them as the result shewed,, for the Confederates at once abandoned Kentucky and the greater part of Tennessee, firing all their fortified places, including the important tow'lls of Nashville and Columbus, and retired within the Southern States proper. The Federate have also gained some successes on the Eastern Coast, hut all these events have not daunted the Confederates who have Jefferson Davis their President for six years, and he looks with a hopeful spirit to the future. Taxation is to be laid heavily on the Northern States, not an article or trade being exempted. * Meanwhile the anticipations so hastily formed by those who saw 7 in the victo

ries of Tennessee the prelude to any hasty termination of 1 the war . are very far. from being realized. The., news by the mail just in shews more fighting than ever in prospect.- On the advance of General M‘Clellan’s army over the Potomac the Confederates have retreated, burning every thing of value and laying .vas-te tha country! . They will make a stand in front of Richmond, and the battle there will decide the fate of 'Virginia. But one unexpected item of news has come, viz.,—a - naval victory by. the Confederates near Norfolk,. • It is also specially interesting as. tending to. decide the question of iron plating as applied to vessels of war. The Confederates have built at the navy yard at Norfolk a vessel called the Merrimac, which they have plated with iron and fitted with a beak or prow. This vessel attacked two Federal frigates, the Cumberland and the Congress, received their broadsides at _ 100 yards without any damage, dashed at the former with her prow and crushed in her-sides causing her to sink, while the latter struck her flag and was burnt. After these exploits by. the Merrimac, she in her turn was attacked by an ironplated battery of the Federate named the Monitor ; both, vessels engaged for five hours without result, although they nearly touched each other, and the Merrimac tlieu withdrew to port. So much for iron-plating and steam ‘rams. As a set off-to this naval exploit the Confederates have sustained a defeat in Arkansas—heavy loss on both sides, and General McCulloch said to be killed.

The other foreign-news I must'dismissvery concisely. The French Senate and Corps Legislatif have had lively debates again on the subject of the Pope’s temporal jDOwer, the most notable incident being a very liberal and outspoken speech by Prince Napoleon against the Papacy. The Emperor how 7 ever still keeps his hold of Rome. If it he true as again reported that the-Pope’s health, is failing fast, this is not wonderful

The state of Italy is not satisfactory. Baron Ricasoli the Italian prime minister has resigned and been succeeded by Rataxzi. The-, programme of policy by.both is very similar, but the Tatter-is. thought likely to he more subservient t 0... the designs of the French Emperor. Naples is still in trouble from brigands.. Garibaldi is starring it in Northern* Italy 7 , inciting the people to.practise the use ..of arms aud form rifle clubs. Anew Turkish loan of about six mil lions sterling has been brought out and received with great favor here .owing to the good prospects of reformed administration aud economy now .witnessed. Spain is amusing herself persecuting a few Protestants, refusing. to pay her debts and compelling the- Mexicans to pay theirs.

The Russian Chancellor of the Empire, Count Nesselrode, the eminent dip’omatist is just dead. Peace be to his ashes ! Who that lias tasted a Nesselrode pudding will forget him ? First in our own obituary this -month I must mention our old friend the Morning Chronicle, which after many vicissitudes of fortune has departed this life at 'the ripe .age of 92. This newspaper has been associated with some of the most memorable incidents in journalistic literature, with the early efforts of Talfourd, j Lord Campbell, Dickens,- and a host of others. For some years past it has'been going down. Lately it passedinto the hands of. Mr. George Stiff, the former proprietor of the. London Journal, which he sold to the late Herbert Ingram, M.P., and proprietor- of the Illustrated London News, after,, it was said, realizing at the ra'e of. <£lo,ooo a year by it! The subsequent .ventures of Mr. Stiff’ in literary speculation were less Successful'than the London Journal, and he has now become bankrupt and with him. falls the old Morning Chronicle,

Mr. Duncan Dunbar, the great shipowner, and a well known city man died suddenly in'his 59tli year. He has left a fortune of above 150,000, which chiefly goes to sisters and nieces, he having left no legitimatefellildr en. He was a Scotchman by birth. ■ The Queen surrounded by all her children, except the Prince of Wales, win* is now in Egypt, lias laid the foundation stone for a mausolum at Frogmore, which is to.receive the remains of. Prince Albert and ultimately her own. It will contain a recumbent statue of the Prii.ce by Baron • Marochetti. The proposed monument to the Prince at Hyde Park is still under discussion. There is some difficulty in getting a large enough block of granite to form a monolith, but it is expected to .be obtained from the of Argyill’s quarries in the Isle of Mull, a circumstance which- I need hardly teli you lias given rise to an infinite number of bad Cockney puns, which in mercy I spare you. The Great Exhibition makes rapid progaess, but the exhibitors, particularly the English portion, are very backward in coming forward with their goods. The ceremonial for the opening is not yet fixed, but there will bo a grand musical performance of original composition's by Rossini, Yerdi, Meyerbeer ami A über, representing the Italian. French and German schools. Trince Napoleon will be over and the Crown Prince- of Prussia.

OTAGO. The “ Daily Times ” Correspondents write as follows from the gold fields: Tuapeka, May Ist, 1862. The rush to the river side of Wqtherstone’s is increasing, and a good many of the claims are turning ont first-rate. The lead appears to be running into the flat,, and will, it is probable, eventually l>e connected with the one now being worked on the edge of the creek. I have no doubt but that the whole of Wether-

btone’s flat would be worked if the Government would .only do' at once that "which they will ultimately have to perform, viz., the cutting of a storm water channel, right through its entire length. The road from the Junction to WetherBton’s is all but complete, and those daily scenes of capsized drays, broken shafts, bogged horses, and furious paen will, I trust, become things of the past. The weather for the last tluree days has been cold and wet, and there has in' consequence beefr very little business doing. Waitahuna, April 30th, 1862. . ... There is very little of interest to report from Waitahuna. The rush to the high range, opposite the Dart Hotel, continues to increase, and considerable numbers of the miners are doing remarkably well* As an instance, I heard a i one solitary “hatter,” who obtained for hi# week’s work, in three feet sinking, 15 ozs. As much as - half au ounce to the tub haft been washed Iron! the ground, and thgre appears to be an impression that the richest portion has not been struck. It ii just possible it may tend to the discovery of a lead of gold equalling in richness those formed in the original workings. The sinking is shallow and dry. There are about a couple of hundred men at work on the ground. A rush h#s also token place to the Camp-hill, *nd ffom some of the holes bottomed, lair prospects have been obtained, The miners bare alwavs looked upon this hill as auriferous, and, ’as the Camp is in course of being removed to a more eligible site on the flat, Captain Baldwin gave the requisite permission to woi'k it. It was accordingly rushed at once, and the opinion previously formed as to there being payable gold, has thus been So far confirmed. A good deal of prospecting is going on in this neighbourhood, and the prospectors are very sanguine as to the probability of the discovery of a run of gold through the flat. If this should be the case, there is plenty of ground for several thousand men,

A meeting was held on Tuesday evening, for the purpose of making arrangements for the reception of Sir George Grey, and also to invite him to a banquet. ' The population of Waitahuna is, I believe, on the increase, and there appears to be an intention on the part of those on the field to remain during the winter.

“ Tuapclca, May 6,

The rushes on. "Wetherstone’s Hat continue to attract a considerable number of miners, and there is. every probability that eventually the whole of this magnificent flat will be worked and pay well. The recent discoveries are all on the outskirts'’ of the flat, and as a lead has already been traced along the whole length of the creek running through it, there is every reason to suppose that its entire area is auriferous. Should this be the' case there is plenty of ground for hundreds of men. The sluicing parties who have got to work at the head of 'Monroe’s. Gully are doing very well, some of them averaging as much as .£l2 and £l4 a week a man. There are one or two puddling machines being ei’eoted here, but the ground is more adapted for sluicing, still I have not the slightest doubt but that they will pay good wages, The number of puddliug machines at Wetherstone’s is increasing, and from what I can learn those at work are making on an average from j£B to £lO a week a man. Of course, expenses hax e to be deducted from this amount,

There are already about 60 horses employed in working these machines.

New Gold Field. —lnformation reached us, on the 2d instant, that a person had been to Captain Baldwin, at Waitahuna, reporting that he had discovered seven miles of quartz ranges, with an alluvial gold field in the immediate vicinity, more extensive than any previously discovered in Otago, and fully capable of supporting from 20,000 to 30,000 miners. H e stated that the ground was shallow and rich, and that he had himself washed 3 oz. of gold from one shovelful of stuff from shallow ground, and that he had also fossicked gold out of the side of the hill without washing. He declined to mention the locality, or to give any clue to its whereabouts, until he could obtain a guarantee of a reward of £3OOO, Captain Baldwin of course, had to refuse to make any promise until he had communicated with the Government, and in the meantime the secret is preserved. There is nothing extremely improbable in this story, but, at the same time, former experience justifies us in acceptirg all such glowing accounts with considerable caution.— l 'imes.

The Witness of May 10 has the following remarks in a leader on Separation: The main argument, and that upon which the Provinces of the Middle Island must principally rely in agitating this question, is that founded on the injustice to which they are subjected in being made to bear tlie heaviest share of the cost of the settlement of the Native Question, a matter exclusively affecting the Northern Island. It is monstrous that they should be*called upon to pay every year largo sums for the prosecution of wars or for the maintenance of a peace establishment of soldiery with which they have no concern. It is also a serious grievance that they should have to submit to he governed from a distance and to find their interests perpetually subordinated to those of the Province which happens to he the seat of Government.The list of grievances might be indefinitely prolonged, but we refrain, they are too - well known to require recapitulation. Each Province knows where the shoe pinches, and we trust that in each Pro-

vince of the Middle Island, the example set by Otago will be followed, and that such a general and unanimous movement will be initiated as cannot fail to convince the home authorities of the expediency, we had almost said the necessity, of complying with the demand, for the erection of the Middle Island of New Zealand into a separate Colony. SOUTHLAND, Finance. —Our total Crown Lands revenue for the past quarter was 18,4192 Os. -3d. Out of this sum the expenditure was—26s 3d refund on a rural application, and 82 6s. Bd. for the Treasurer’s salary, leaving a balance of 18,1092 7s 4d to be paid to the Provincial Treasurer. rh» contributions to the gross total were deposits qn application for rural land, 12,7542 ss. 9d-—-townlands, 51142,4s — depasturing licenses, 239 16s. 7d—assessment gf stock 231 13s. lid.-—fees on transfer of rural certificates, 202—-timber licenses, k 9(. Tbo total provincial revenue for the quarter was 33,2432 10s. Bd., of which 18,4.00 7s. 44. accrued from the Crown lands department, and 13,5822 2s 84 from tb° balance in hand Jan. 1, 1861 i the remainder frjmn Customs 3-Sths, assessment, jetty dues, <fcc. The total expenditure was 12,8202 12s 6d, leaving a balance of 20,4222 18s 2d, Pretty well this for a “ miserable little-go Province !” The expenditure was thus allopited:—iu salaries and other office on'lay, Superintendent’s department, 157 10s ; Provincial Solicitoi, Treasurer, and SubTreasurer; 1122 10s ; Provincial Council, 262 7s 6fi ; Provincial Auditor and Deputy, 44 10s Id ; Crown Lands Commissioner and Clerk, 1252 ; Survey department, including wages and rations of survey parties, instruments, &c., 14212 0s 8d ; Public Works, including .new crane for jetty, government offices, police barracks, &c., 9352 3s 6d ; Hoads, including Invercargill to the Bluff, Mataura, Riverton, &c, 4479 15s 7d ; Harbour department, 5492 18s 7d ; police do, (chief constable, 1 sergeant, 1 mounted corporal, 2 foot do., G mounted constables, and 10 foot police, horses, forage, &o,) 17482 Gs 4d : Gaol, 972 10s 8d; hospital, 982 4; Sheep Inspector and Sub do, 752, Education, 1732 13s Bd, of which the greater portion was spent on Riverton school-house ; Immigration, 9642 5s ; and miscellaneous, including a host of items, 18112 lGs 2d Prom this abstract it will he seen that but a small portion of the provincial revenue is devoted to the payment of an army of officials, and that there is no fear of this little new province being soon so crippled in i‘s means as to have to pay Otago to take it back to her step-niotlier-ly arms, or the general to supersede the Provincial government, and take Southland under its centralizing and paternal care—Southland News, May 3.

Gold.— Corporal Morton has been down this week from the Hokaniii Sta tion, and reports that, on his last visit to the Wakatip Diggings, he found the prospecting parties had abandoned deep sinking for the present, and were confining themselves to surface digging, from which they were making fair wages. They were all in good spirts—lbid. Agricultural Association. When the idea of a Southland Agricultural z/ssociationfwas first propounded, there were many doubters as to whether “the time” had yet arrived. The idea was nevertheless persisted in, and has been very successfully carried out as a whole. The following is the list of stock for which prizes were given. Perhaps the detail may be of use to the Wanganui Agricultural Association’. Class 1. Best Durham Bull, over 2 years old. Best Durham Cow, over 2 years old.

Best Two Durham Heifers, under 2 years old. Best Ayrshire Bull, over 2 years old. Best Ayrshire Cow, over 2 years old. Best Ayrshire Heifer, under 2 yrs old. . Best Buff, any breed. Best Cow, any breed.

Best Heifer, any breed. Best Two Fat Bullocks.

Class 2. BestjDrauglit Entire, Best Brood Mare. Best Draught Filly.

Class 3. Best 2 Merino Tups. Best Two Merino Ewes. * Best Merino Wethers.

Class 4. Best Boar and Sow, Berkhire. Best Sow any Breed.

STATE OF HUNGARY,

Give a despot his due. The telegraph recently reported that Francis - Joseph had placed parts of Hungary under martial law. This report the Austrian Government has contradicted, “ Criminals,* caustically observes the Spectator, “are only shot, after a summary trial, by the sentence of a special tribunal. The distinction is obvious, particularly to those who are sentenced.” In fairness, it should be added that the Hungarians do not preatly complain of these Standrecht tribirnals; they have not been perverted into means of persecuting political opponents, as it was feared would be the case, but have as yet confined' themselves to the punishment of murderers, robbers, and incendiaries. It is noteworthy, however, that they appear to have been established in some districts which were free from murder, robbery, and arson; and anywhere a drum*head trial is a very suspicious method of administering justice. But, although the Hungarians do not consider the establishment of Standrecht a grievance of the gravity which it possesses in our eyes, they point with pride to the fact that this summary justice was never dispensed in 1848-9, and affirm that any necessity which may exist for it now is a consequence of the exasperating mis government to which their

country has been subjected, to the ineffir ciency of the disreputable magistrates who as the Pesth correspondent of the Times expresses it, have been ‘pitchforked into places ’ for which they were in no way qualified, and to the military extortion of taxes.. i

All Englishman’s house, it is true, ceases to be his castle when he has omitted to pay ‘ the Queen’s taxes,’ but an Englishman, theoretically, at all events, taxes himself, and British bailiffs, as the. ‘ Framley Parsonage ’ cook observed, ‘ if they are allowed their meals and some beer, will be cpiite civil.’ To bring the present state of Hungary home to British appreciation, we must fancy a British parallel. Let us suppose- that Scotland still possesses a Parliament of her own, but that the English Government had bundled it very unceremoniously out of the Parliament House, and imposed taxes of Westminster manufacture on our country. Under such circumstances, Professor Bla,ckie might have an excuse for his present tirades against English tyranny. The Blue Blanket is unfurled; the thistle fiercely bristles on the hills. To compel the country gentlemen, farmers, and cottagers, however, to pay their taxes, soldiers —English, Welsh, and Irish—are quartered upon them. The soldiers know that they are, boarded and lodged by the person selected to provide for them as a punishment for his recusancy, that they are expected to overcome his obstinacy, and, therefore, are not likely to he very agreeable guests, Here and there a highminded officer, ashamed of the service on which he is employed, may exert himself to prevent his reluctant host from suffering any further than the inevitable inconvenience of finding food and shelter for a body of men he hates as the tools of an oppressive power. The negative good nature of a few others may induce them to discountenance languidly any very flagrant outrage, but in the majority of instances the hectoring foreigners, if not actually prompted to violence by the precept and example of their superiors, are allowed to insult and pillage as they please. Costly furniture is destroyed; old wine is drunk like water, cattle, pigs, and poultry are slaughtered wholesale. The wives and daughters of farmers and peasants are outraged, and when- their fathers, brothers, husbands, and sweethearts interfere for their protection, the menfolk of a household are marched off to prison. If England, puffed up with the thought that her metropolis contains about as many inhabitants as the whole of Scotland, were to attempt to treat old Scotia thus, would not the attempt be resisted in ways which could easily be constructed into murder, robbery, and arson] Is it wonderful, is it blameworthy, that Hungary—as high-spirited as Scotland, and containing 12,000,000 inhabitants-—-should resist in such ways the intrusion, for an unlawful purpose, into her homes, of alien troops by a German power which, as a German power, is her numerical inferior ? All the wrongs we have fancied for Scotland jhave been, and are, facts in Hungary. The following anecdote has a but at the same time it illustrates the;£capricious cruelty of the Austrian regime in Hungary. The ‘ tug--muttons ’ of Eton are said to preserve through life a preference for the meat which was their staple viand during their school career, but, as we have recently seen, the young gentlemen of the Woolwich Military Academy turn up thennoses at totijours mouton. It may, perhaps, be the cowardly character of the sheep which renders its flesh distasteful to military palates. At any rate, fourteen Austrian soldiers, who were quartered on a peasant landholder near the Tlieiss, chose to be very indignant, because, during the ten days they stayed with him, he gave all that he had to give, mutton. At the end of the ten days, the peasant, to rid himself of the men whose room he greatly preferred to tlieir company, paid his taxes; but ten more soldiers were sent to live upon him for three days, as a punishment for the diet lie had been compelled to provide for the original detachment. As far as taxes are concerned, the Hungarian peasantry, owing to the excellent Hungarian harvest of last year, and the high price of corn in France and some other European countries, are said not to have suffered so much from Austrian oppression as socially superior classes; but from the conscription, which is about to take place, or is now takingplace, they will suffer most of all, and in many districts they appear resolved to evade or resist it. Forced quarters and Standrecht, of course, will he brought still more widely into play. But will Austria benefit herself by thus throwing her noble appanage into confusion —by stunting its material growth for the sake of obtaining a very unsubstantial political prestige for herself] Perhaps it would be more "accurate to say for the sake of exciting European opinion against her—an opinion which includes that of her whilom patron, hut present satirist, Russia—of sowing disaffection in her army more widely even than it now exists, of alienating the hearts of the Hungarians as a people, a people who, if only fairly treated, would have been amongst the best and bravest of her defenders. And this, too, whilst the daily maturing Kingdom of Italy, backed by English opinion, and understanding the mild frown of France, is eagerly watching her to rescue Yenice! Even in a pecuniary point of view, the enforced collection of Hungarian taxes, it is said, will soon cost more than the taxes are worth. Socially, the present state of affairs has a very gloomy side. Public assemblies have been suspended, and dancing in private 'houses has been discontinued, as being out of * harmony with the political circumstances of the time.’ The cheerfulness of the Hungarian character, the Terpsichofeaa tendencies innate, so to

speak, in Hungarian toes, being taken into consideration, these a*-e by no means -trivial facts; they show that the national heart is wedded-to its loved and lost—let us rather say, to its set suu—

“ Soles oceidere et redire possunt.” Scotsman.

HOW TO READ JOINT-STOCK BANK ACCOUNTS.

n, v (From the Economist.) ■■■■■. A perfect account of a joint-stock bank would be somewhat of the following character:—

First. It should make quite clear what are the funds at the disposal of the bank: what are the conditions upon which they are held. In accordance with this general principle, it should state what is the capital of the bank and wliat- is the reserve fund : next, what are the deposits, distinguishing between these held at call aud those which are to be repaid only at the expiration of a certain stipulated notice. Further, it should state what is the amount of the note circulation, if any, and what is the amount of its draft circulation; these two are its floating circulation more or less among the general public, and in proportion are greater or less, in that same proportion the funds of the bank are greater or less likewise. Lastly, the balance sheet should make clear what has been the profit for the half year or year to which it relates, and also what accumulation of undivided profit remains on hand bfrom previous periods. Secondly. Turning to the other side of the account, the balance sheet should state precisely wliat has been done with the money, and especially explain how much of it is held in a tangible and convertible form, and how much of it is employed in loans to customers or is otherwise locked up in the current business of the bank. It is better, that it should distinguish separately the cash at “ bankers and branches ;” the Government securities ; the “other securities,” as India bonds and debentures, or railway shares, which, though in many respects good investments, . are in time of panic sensibly different from stock or from Exchequer, bills; the loans to bill-brokers or to ■.■ share-brokers upon bills of exchange or upon Stock Exchange securities readily convertible; lastly, the amount of bills discounted for bill-brokers,'which, not being loans payable on demand or notice, but investments for stated periods, should in strictness be specified separately. These items make lip the reserve of the bank. Next,- the balance sheet should state what the bank buildings or premises are worth ; and lastly, what loans, discounts, or other advances it has made its customers. These particulars will afford' us means of what it has done with its money.

’ How, then, are the public to see from these figures whether tlie bank is a good one or a bad one ] On this point there is a common misconception. It is thought that the capital of the bank is the point to which the greatest attention ought to be paid ; and that the bank is bettor or worse in proportion as its capital is greater or less. But so far as is this from being the case, that a large capital is not infrequently a temptation to bankers. They wish to pay a good dividend on it, and they must pay some dividend. If their legitimate current business iff not enough to pay a sufficient dividend on their capital, they are apt to strive to increase it by expedients which it would be' better to avoid ; to make questionable advances, to take questionable bills, to be eager for that “ last half-per cent” which lias ruined many profitable concerns. The capital ought to be sufficient, but no more than sufficient; and it is a needless and sometimes a, dangerous policy to seek to increase it beyond the appropriate limits. ■ Again some persons attach a superstitious importance to the reserve fund, and judge of a bank greatly by the amount of it. And we do not deny that a good reserve fund is a necessary prerequisite'of' a good bank. But it is not of itself sufficient.' It is only an exceptional provision for the unforeseen cawhich may happen under the management. We cannot tell from looking at it whether that management is really good or not good. How, then, can we judge, as far as an account can teach us ]—for under all circumstances there must be much no figures-, can ever tell, and no balance ;sheet, however carefully framed, entirely exhibit. The rule of rules is to see first what money the bank owes the public, and then see what money it has in hand to pay off the public, if the latter should wish it. ; We should add together all the liabilities of the bank—its circulation, its drafts and its deposits; see what tlie total is carefully; and then we should compare with it the amount Of the cash, loans to ’bill-brokers, government securities. and other immediately tangible and convertible assets which the bank has in hand. If the available money bears a good proportion to the possible claims, the bank is a good and secure bank ; and if not, it is, we do not say insecure, but doing somewhat more business than it should, and needs care rather than expansion, . check rather than development. The specific proportion between the cash reserve and the liabilities of the bank to the public mustj vary in some degree with the nature of the bank’s business, and we should not lay down any technical or theoretical rule upon it—we only say that this proportion is the critical element in the whole account —that it is the one which mo6t deserves the attention of all concerned in the welfare of the bank—that when we are comparing two banks in the same circumstances and doing similar business it ais just, a seaiching, and an appropriate test.

THE ROYAL FARM AND DAIRY AT WINDSOR. Till the Reign of George the Third; our kings were for the most part too deeply at* tached to the sports of the field to have much sympathy with the mission of the farmer, which threatened to transform their gamehaunted covers into ploughed lands, and to intersect their coursing-grounds with liedges and ditches. George the Third, however, wT' iJ. liat plain good sense which distinguished him, amply appreciated the science of agri* culture, and devoted himself to it with much zest and fervour. “ Farmer George,” as he was often styled, possessed considerable practical acquaintance with farming pursuits, and contributed under the name of “ Ralph Robinson,” to the “Annuls of Agriculture,’* which were issued under the editorship of the well known Arthur* Young. He Was also one of the exhibitors at the Smithfield Club Cattle Show in the first year of the present century. During the two slibsequent reigns agriculture received little if any encouragement. It was not till the late Prince Consort interested himself In the matter that it again received royal patronage. Among the numerous claims of that eminent and justly lamented Prince to the gratitude of the nation, Ida deYotioil to the cause of agriculture, and his coustant endeavours to promote its best interests, have, perhaps, scarcely received due notice. That lie fully estimated the importance of the vocation, both in its social and material aspects, may be best gathered from his own words, At the York meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society, he said:—“Agriculture, which once was tbe main pursuit of this, as of every other nation;- holds, even now, notwith standing the development of commerce and manufactures, a fundamental position in the realm. And although time has changed the position which the owner of the land with his feudal dependants held in the Empire, the country gentlemen with his wife and children, the country clergyman, the tenant, and the labourer still form a great and happy family, in which we gladly recognise the. foundation of our social state. Science and mechanical improvements have in these days changed the mere practice of cultivating the soil into an industrial pursuit requiring capital, machinery, industry, skill and perseverance in the struggle of competition. This is another great change, but we must consider it a great progress, for it demands higher efforts ami a greater intelligence.”--Again, in another address to the same society oil the occasion of the-show at "Windsor in tie great exhibition year of ISO 1., the late Prince drew a happy picture of tlrn contrast between the angry gathering of the feudal barons on a neighbouring mead, to compel King Joim to sign the charter of their rights, and tlie peaceful muster of farming folk—gentle and simple--who met to compare the results of their labours, and to receive the congratulations of their beloved sovereign. lie might have drawn a further contrast between the enlightened patronage which was bestowed upon agriculture by Her Majesty and her Consort, and the devastation which the Norman Kings inflicted on the fields and pastures of their subjects in order to extend their bunting grounds. When the-Prince Consort established the Afodel Farm at Frogmore, it had become fashionable to attach such appendages tp the mansions of the nobility, but it was not as a mere passing whim or freak of fashion tliat he followed the example that had been already set. The Prince made himself practically acquainted -with all the details of farm management,- took a personal interest iu, aud occasionally gave general superintendence to, the operations of the farm, tested" the value of ,ue\v processes and new machinery, and tool; a pride in rendering the establishment as perfect as possible in all its details.

It was fa November last .that we paid a visit to the royal farm at Frogmore, when we little, dreamed of the calamity which was so soon to lend a new and melanoholy interest to our recollections of the place. After passing a little way down the Long Walk, you turn up a road on the left, whioh leads you to the farm, on the skirts of the Home Park. A plain but elegant building of white brick serves as the residence of Mr. Tait, the manager of the farm. The farm-stead-ing occupies about an acre and a-half. The pigs are the first specimens of live-stock to winch wa were introduced. They occupy a range of comfortable huts, with, roomy, well drained, and well swept. enclosures in front. To such clean, tidy places the term “ styes” cannot be applied in its ordinary sense, l’he animals themselves were line examples of their order, with ski»3 so pure and transparent that you could see the blue veins underneath, as readily as on the milk-white hands of the fairest lady in the land, aud with tails of the most dignified curl, as became pigs under royal patronage, i here were pigs in various stages of growth, from the little youngsters, the natural contour of whose figures you could admire, to the fat monsters whose shape was like that of an overgrown sausage, who were in such' a wretched state of helplessuess that they could not lift up their, snouts for a sniff of fresh air, but required a brick under their jaws to keep them from being stifled in the straw. Next we came to a couple of bulls and some half-dozen oxen of various breeds, all in tip-top condition. The cow-house was however, a finer sight. It is a large, light, airy building with a lofty roof, and is kept scrupulously clean. f l he stalls for the kine are of slate ; and to each is affixed the name of the cow to which it is allotted. There are about sixty stalls altogether arranged in two rows. The pathway between the rows is paved witli tiles. The herd being in an adjoining field, we proceeded thither to have a look at them, and found that it included several magnificent specimens of the sleek, contented Shorthorns, the more sprightly, whitefaced Hereford, and the handsome Down. Another large, commodious building was devoted to sheep,I’which 1 ’ which were being fattened on the-stall system. The floor is rtiised some distance from the ground, in order to form a receptacle for the dropiiugs

of the sheep, and is pierced with apertures to admit the same. The place is &Mu;ab'ly ventilated, and. Considering the nHSp&r of animals contained within the walls* was remarkably free from bad odours. Close at hand is the root store and cutting machine. A noticeable feature in this part of the establishment is the truck and tfaittToad, by which a quick and easy means of eohitnuni* cation is established between the root store and the sheep shed. Our attendant informed us that by this means several hundred sheep could be supplied with food in about ten minutes. A steam-engine (of 8-horse power if we recollect rightly) works the stationary machinery of the farm. The implement stock includes nearly all the most improved inventions of recent times. The and horses (chiefly Clydesdale) eaR for no especial notice. We were pleased to observe that, while a capital residence was provided for the manager, the “ hinds 1 ’ were' not neglected. The “ bothy” is represented by a snitg, trim brick building, of UVo storeys, which is plainly but Comfortably fitted up. One of the lower rooms is Used as a night school,* being fitted up with desks and benches, afid adorned With maps and educational placards. A teacher is provided at the expense of Her Majesty. Altogether, about forty people are employed on the farm, The abundant use of machinery, of course, diminishes the demand for manual labour.

Near Lodge (the residence of the late Duchess of Kent) stands a magnificent dairy, Which Was only Completed during the past year. It is built of Hath stone ami brick, and is in the Italian style, The roof is covered with red and blue tiles, lu altef-' nate lines. The exterior presents a very elegant and graceful appearance, but tlfef chief splendour of the Dairy is in the in* terior. Anything more gorgeous, and yet chaste and delicate, we have never seen. The walls are surrounded with white marble tables, supported on marble shafts, inlaid with English and Belgian marble, and oii these are ranged the snow-white basins of milk and cream. Beneath a constant stream of cold water flows through reservoirs of a bluish encaustic tile. The walls are lined with tiles of delicate tint and pattern, and are pierced with ten windows, of richly stained glass, in which hawthorn blossom, daisies, buttercups, and primroses form a lovely garland. The operations of the husbandman, and the seasons of the year, are represonted in delicate bas:reliefs. The frieze bears portraits of Her Majesty, the late Prince Consort, and the whole of the royal family, with escutcheons and monograms. The ripple of three little fountains breaks pleasantly upon the ear, and enhances the cool fresh aspect of the chamber. One of these consists of a beautiful female figure of stained marble, giving water from a vase; while in the other two a triton seated in one shell bears a smaller one, from which issues a jet of water. Ahicaustic tiles of a rich pattern form the floor. Altogether, the effect is charming, the rich light cast through the stained glass contrasting pleasantly with tliC delicate tints of the walls and tables. This*, formed a favorite resort of the royal children during- their residence at Windsor. The real work of the dairy is, however, done not in this splendid apartment, but in a humble one whi«h is adjacent. The late Prince Consort took especial interest in the treatment of the dairy, which bears numerous marks of bis judgment and good taste. — Scottish Farmer. . . MARKETS.

Wanganui, May|29,—Wheat 6s' barley ss, oat 3 ss, maize?-.6s per bushel,, flour (at Netlyc mill) £l7, (in town) £l3 per 2000 lbs, potatoes £3 per ton, bread—4lb. loaf la, butter Is 3d per lb, eggs 2s 6d per doz. Melbourne, May 2.— : Tlie grain''market! is without change. The slightly increased demand of last week for first class brands of flour is still maintained.: —Flour, colonial, £ll to £l2; Adelaide, £l2 5s to £l3; Wheat, colonial, 4s 5d to 4s 8d ; Oats, new, 4e 5d to ss; bran, Is 3d; hay, £7 to £9. At a sale of wool, greasy wools realised 10£d; Fleece Is 3d to Is 7d J ; and second Is 4d ,to 2s I per pound. Sheepskins 2s 7deach, and 3d Ito per lb.

Holloway's Pith and Ointment. —Autumnal trials.—By the|variable temperatures of autumn the human system is severely tried, andjalljliable to chest complaints, disordered digestion, biliousness, and headache, are generally _ more or less affected- Those who are wise will save both pain and hazard by the early us’e of these infallible remedies. Holloway’s Ointment, well rubbed skin nearest the seat of disease, exerts most wonderful purifying powers, and never fails in expelling all noxious matters, and removing all temporary obstructions, thus restoring healthy action to the organ, while the Ointment rearranges disordered function. Holloway’s Pills should be taken to remove .all contaminations from the blood, and clear away any impurities that may lurk in the system. 36

CALENDAR

("First Quarter June 6 2.22 a.m Moon Moon June 12 6. 6: a.m

Agents for the “ Wanganui Chronicle”

Turakina —Messrs. Franklin anil Hurst Rangitikei — Mr. Thos. Scott. ; Wellington —-W. Lyon, Esq. Auckland —Messrs;: Williamson . and

Wilson Nelson— Messrs. C. & J. Elliott. Aew Plymouth— F. U. Gledbill, Esq London— Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co

To paid-up capital ...£108,785 12 6 Notes in circulation... 62,91-! 0 0 Bills in circulation ... 6,288 6 9 Deposits ... 334,097 7 4 Balance clue to other banks ... ... 37,797 3 6 Profit rnd loss account 6,097 5 0 £555,979, Ck. 15 1 By coin anti bullion ....£261,512 Bills receivable ancl 8 4. all other .advances 462,164 Balances due by other 4 3 banks ... ... 117,475 6 7 Notes of other banks 3900 0 0 Preliminary expenses 966 17 10 Landed property .... 3,860; 0 0 Bank premises,; furni18 r tuxe, and stationery 6,100 £555,797 15 l Profit and Loss. AccountDr. To expenses at head office and ten branches and agencies ... £6,093 Amount written off bank furniture prern8 2 ises, and preliminary 17 expenses accounts ... 858 7 Balance ... ... 6,097 5 0 £13,049 10 9 Cr. By gross profits for halfyear ... • ...£13,049 10 9 Dr. To dividend at 6 per cent per annum ... ... £2,370 Amoxmt carried to re12, ,o„ serve fund ... % ... 3,000 0 0 Amount carried to pro fit and loss, — new account ... 726 130 £6,097 Cr. 5 0 By balance ... ... £6,097 5 0 Reserve Fund. Dr. To balance ... ... £3,000 Cr, By transfer from profit O' 0 and loss ... £3,000 0 0

May. S. rises . S. sets. High water at Head 29 ■ 7 24 4 34 10 14 10 38 30 7 24 4 34 11 5 11 30 31 7 25;H4 34 11 56 12 21 June 1 7 25 4 33 12 47 1 12 2 7 25 4 33 1 38 2 3 3 7 23 4 32 2 29 2 54 4 7 26 4 32 3 20 3 45 5 7 27 4 31 4 11 |4 36