Taranaki.

Wanganui Chronicle, Volume 5, Issue 236, 23 May 1861, Page 3

Taranaki.

By the Wonga Thursday from Taranaki, private letters Ai’Cre received, which confinft ;jli^Jacibburt^ w 'ih.-)sist Week’s Chronicle', of the diSpositibii.'bf : 'the Taranaki tribe. " Mr. ; iParm/ hifl returned after holding a meeting witlrthem'at, Mqtcjfrta, at which they offered to ]')eace if he allowed the terms tobesettled..afterpeace had been concluded. ss\ ; sucii:a proposal had not beeh’provided fbr’ln’liis. iiistructions, Mr. Parris’s visit was. fruitless’.,,' It is also mentioned that W. Kingi' Was ! 6ii‘ his way to' Taianaki with a party of. Waikatos, Rto lake possession of the (lis[iiited lainl“at ' Waitara.

[From the Taranaki Herald, 11th May.]

The visit of Mr.' Parris T 6" tfVe 'Southern natives hits not.yet beenfollowed by any definite result. On the day previous to his arrival at the, a ; large -meeting -had been held at Kapoaiaia,..at which men from all the Taranaki.Aa/nf ; were;• presenL.*. The fFarea men took the tone of NgUtifuanui, refused to allow niaijs or. travellers to..pass, or to,accept any termi. ! tf? Kingi of .Umuroa, whose place is' south of WareaV left tliemeeL ing in : disgust : ht this conduct, as did' the jVgamabanga. The Umuroa pebple talk of leaving their kainga for the riortherii u prt of tlie Taranaki district; Umuroa 1 lyinj- unpleasantly be t ween ’t he Ngatiruahui -tr ibe an d the Warea men, both; hostile. W;fKiirgi Malta tea is very anxious %r~& seitleinentrwitli the Government. The form a considerable section cf Tara bake ; They Will be at'Afoturoa on Monday v w]ipb~ the terms will be presented for and .gome more definite notion arrived' kt-ks 'to'tlife influence of their party. The chief at Ware.aJ.s desirous of peace, but asks krpff- oil the old .terms of no concession. ' :ao } rM:i :

2'lie Warea. nati vesaiiavd* written -to Afr. Riemensehneider, theif^'missionary, hot to return, the war is not yet elided; others of the tribe had invited him back. Last Saturday and Sunday the were flooded higher than hai‘been knews Siflco'Tß43. A bridge near the Union -inilt'Vv&S Waslied away, and the footbridge near the 'T&Vhnaiki : inn was under water--And displaced.- -The water was high in the'- cellars aiid^'Outbuildings of the Masonic hotel. - Usuy-.-j .; On Saturday last a meeting was held in the Masonic hall, to appoint a- Committee for corresponding with the the colony in England and'elsewhere; • 'lire following gentlemen were'elected, —G; Ciitfield, Esq., Capt. Brown, Capt. Atkinson, A/essrs. Gledhill, Chilmah,. Flight, W. • 7'F^ten,. Good, W Bayly, Ilulke, Elliot; Ujdcihn, and J. Richmond. ■ The'^'iredaile" : :paSsed' s ßu ; Sundayfldo -the northward to briqg the inai)jfj)r England. .She could no,t land’ passengers, .ovving. to the heavy weather. The Corio and Tasmanian Maid arrived on Wednesday with refugee families from Nelson.

The rumour that Tlapnrona had gone to /Faikato is quite unfuundetl,; W. Kingi has written to his adherents, placing them under the leadership of Ihaia : te - \Vharepa, aq old chief little‘known to theVsettlers. The cercmony of giying and returning the land at Waitara to the. King was performed by W.'King and W. Thompson a great'’many times; but at last it rests in the hands :pf .WifThompson. The Airedale arrived •..qn r-Thujsday with a good many passengers efqr : Tejmnaki. from /Auckland, among, them; rQolpnel IFarmi -C.8., 57th regt., who takps command here.

I’he Taranaki militia is constituted a regiment; Capt. Charles Brown, T-M., isf gazetted

Paymaster. , .i3i.' Mr. R. Chilman is” gazetted “ Collector of Customs at the Port-of Nfw Plymouth.”

The Maori; cases , tried; tliis/jweek: in the Resident Magistrates'/Court; deserve, especial notice. These cases, show /plainly that the temper of the natives; q^-^l^u'jdistrict• has improved under the discipline,:,/; however /lax which they, have beensubjpct.to during the past year. The utmost care is needful that, in repairing to our Courts, should never be needlessly disappointed of solid justice by technical difficulties. - In the case of Peina v. Kihirini the defendant wag. absent, and there is a probability, that distress will issne against his goods for the amount of/damages ,£BS. and failing-these, against his-person. It would he welly, ip-.-, that case, that,.}a pportion of that secret service money expended in unmeaning pi*esents, or in; buying off , those who have incurred penllt^sy' shouUPbe employed 'for - the mainteniTtihe'the prisoner. It requires some little. to see the soundness of - the English principle which charges the creditor with of . his imprisoned debtor, ' and! to /the uneducated Maori it will seem a “ Wretched mockery of justice to saddle him with the support of the man who has wronged him. Considerable capacity was shown by two of the assessors, aud it Would be well ..if, on all [such occasions, the./officers; the Native Department were directed riiake the most of such capacity, by reading over with the assessors, before they enter the Court, such parts of the abstract of English law; ; .translated for their use, as seems likely to beacon the, cases for hearing. ; ; v : ' Whilst referring to this plesant phase of our affairs, it is worth while, to repur to a case reported in the News of’Thursday last.'! Some natives had been destrcWing carrying away poultry and pigs from /Ihe ; |7pper Stangorei district, and, at the request ",of the owners, Mr Paris remonstrated with them on their conduct. ; They at'- once admitted the (wrong and,subscribed the .estipiujpd value: of

the property taken. This money, when forwarded to the comjdaihantSv.AVits returned by tlieni to the Assistant Native Secretary with expressions of satisfaction at the good conduct of the natives. So much for tlie blood thirstiness and greediness of the poor settlers of Taranaki, after suffering fifteen months, of murder, rapine, and war!

/t is the intention of, the Assistant Native Secretary to'bring all: native cases, without .distinction/ intoGour.t.he iceforward ; the greatest blessing that lie can confer on.the colonists or. r : on his more especial charge, .the .natives, v. > . • AUCKLAND. ' 'The -Church If any proceeding of the Church Missionary Society could, at this date, startle the colonists of Auckland, the extraordinary articles published in recent numbers of tlie Ghiirch Missionary Intelligencer and 'Aborigines Pro.-, lector's Reporter, would be pre-eminently calculated, to produce such v an effect.,. A; hipre astounding—we might, indeed say a more daring—perversion of facts, figures, and truth was never perpetrated than by the concoctors of those brochures. ■; ■

, JVarratives' not of fact, but of prejudiced and preju lical assumption, and those eked out. with partial extracts from the sayings and doings of men of extreme opinions,, and who of course are but exceptional iff the colonial community, are cited as if to prove the theory of those opposed, or alleged to be opposed, to the British colonisation of New Zealand, that the great and persistent aim; of those colonists is, and has been, to acquire possession of the iVative lands, even if. it should he accomplished by. extermination of the Native race! This is the burthen’ \of almost every wiredrawn sentence —and the colonists are accused of being the originators of the King-movement, which,, these mission' ary writers assert, was set up as a means to protect the Maori against the perils of British usurpation. It is a glaring and a daring piece of effrontery of any Church Missionary, be his standing what it may, to charge upon the ColbitistS’fhe origination of the “ King Movement”: —That, piece of craft, terminate as it may, is too notorious to be any matter of dispute. It was one of Church Missionary Conception. To the Rev. Mr. Grace —who ushered it, —with certain anti Anglo-Saxon fulminations— into existence, its paternity is due;. It is a conception of which Mr. Grace and his party may possibly be proud; but it is one of which New Zealand and her defenders may, as possibly, have 1 melancholy cause to lament, and of which ruined ancl desolate Taranaki may have the deepest reason to deplore.— Register, May G. Testimonial to Captain Cracroet,— Subscription lists for the purchase of a piece of plate, or some other appropriate; memorial, were opened in the course of last - week, and were at once promptly responded to, men of all shades of.opinion being eager -to render honour where honor was so well woii and justly due. These lists will remain open'for the next two or three days, after which .in- consequence of the approaching departure of the Niger, which, we are told, will take place at the end of the present week, they must necessarily be closed. Ibid. .

The troops.— "'Niger,” “Miranda/’ and “ Fawn,” have all arrived from Waitara with troops. The weather has been frightful for such a movement, the poor fellows being lodged under canvas, imbedded in mud, and drenched to the bone.

Energetic measures are beingtaken to remedy this crying evil. The Artillery horses have found shelter in the Rope - walk. Potter’s Barn has rendered accomodation to a goodly number of the 12th and 40th,—and a canip, with comfortable wooden huts, isaboutto be formed some where in our neighbourhood. Our old friends the 65th, after a fifteen years’ service in New Zealand, are to be concentrated in Auckland, .the 14th evacuating the barracks in their favour. The Head Quarters of the 14th remain here.— lbid.

[From the New Zealand Gazette , May 3.] Colonial Secretary’s Office, Auckland, Ist May, 1861. • The following Despatches from her Majesty’s Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, are published for general information, • f E. W. Stafford. Downing street, sth February, 1861. Sir, -r-f transmit to you a copy of a letter from Lord Elcho. the Chairman of the Council of the National -Rifle Association, informing me that in accordance with her. Majesty’s desire, Colonial Volunteers will be entitled to compete for the Queen’s Prize at their Annual Prize Meeting, upon the same terms as the Volunteers of Great Britain, lind that the As-, sociation will give one Silver Medal to Co lonia/ Pifle Associations.

I trausmit to you for general information, Copies of the Association’s proceedings, containing their Rules, &e. I have to request that you will make her Majesty’s gracious desire publicly known ,in the colony under your Government. Yoti will. at the same time take such steps as may appear to you best adapted for giving effect to the .intentions of the Association, and will make application through me for their Silver Medal when any organized body or bodies exist in the colony under your government who are desirous of competing for it. I have, etc. . Newcastle. Governor Gore Browne, C.B.

. . National Rifle Association 1 , , 11, Pall Mali E'a stv, - ■ - ' Jan. 23, 1861. i^uke, —I have the honor . t0 ‘ inforin your Grace, that in accordance with her Majesty’s desire, Colonial Volunteers will be : entitle for- Queen’s Prize” ait our annual Prize Vfeetipg on the same terms as the Volunteers. of Great Britain ; and I have further the llipnor-to inform 1 your Grace, that with a view still further to connect the colohies with ike nether country in the. matter of Rifle the Council of the National Rifle Association have resolveil to give one Silver Medal to. Colonial Rifle Associations. These medals will be allotted in the proportion of one to each colory, on application from the colonial authorities, sanctioned by the Colonial Office.

The “ Hi-Tory and : Proceedings of- the National. Rifle Association (I 860),” containing ourk-Rules, etc,, and the Statistics of the •Wimbledon Prize d/eeting, being nqw.pub■liShe.dYljsliouhhbe glad tb^kifavv.if yoinvGrace would.wish to send any copies to the colonies, as they-, might -perhaps, be jof use.iijL.the formation of Colonial /Associations-.’ MI. have, etc;-, (.Signed) Elcho/. Chairman of the CounciToftheN.R.A.

P.S’—The next annual • Prize Meeting ;of the National Rifle Association will take place early in July. //is Grace the Duke of Newcastle,-K.G.f

Great' Exhibition- of;lS6 2.—Tlie following letter is published in the New*Zealand! Gazette of May 3 : “ London, 18th January, 1861. <

“My Lord Duke, —I aiii directed by Earl» Granville to* intimate to your .Grace that the • Promoters of the Exhibition of “the Works of*' Industry and; Art of all Nations, which it is - proposed to liold ni the year 1862, are about to apply to ller Majesty for a Charter off Incorporation, by which certain Trustees, to * whom the management of the Exhibition : has - been confided, maybe vested with the powersrequisite for.effectually carrying out the projected undertaking.

“ Tlie names of the 7’rusteesare as fallows: The Earl ' Granville, K. G., Lord President of the Council. The d/arquis of Chandos. Thomas Baring, M. P. C. Wentworth. Dilke, Esq. l Thomas Eairbairn, Esq.

“ The Trustees have every reason, to believe that the .application for a Charter will be favourably entertaiued: but as some short interval must necessarily elapse before theusual preliminary formalities can be complied, with,-they are anxious that no. thne.should belost in giving notice of the intended Exhibition., to the distant Colonies of the Empire.

“lam therefore directed to request that your Grace will do the Trustess the favour to take the necessary steps for making known to the various Colon’al possessions and dependencies of the Crown, that the Exhibition will open on Thursday the Ist of May 1562, and that the Trustees are very desirous to learn from wh.it Colonies articles will be seut for exhibition, and also to be put in communication with such persons or bodies in each Colony as are likely to command the confidence of thosewho may become exhibitors; “ The Exhibition will be held in London, on a convenient site which has been placed at the dispo§al.;of- the Trustees by the Royal Commissioners for the. Exhibition of 1851, in .the immediate .vicinity of tire ground occu-. pied in 1851, by permission of /for Majesty,, on the, .occasion .of . the first International Exhibition. - . ,

p; “ The general coil'd’tibns of the Exhibition, and the terms'on which exhibitors wi Ibe invited to take'part-in it, will shortly be published, and the Trustees will at once commu-. nicate them- to your Grace. “In the meaniime lam to fstate that the Exhibition, in its leading features, will closely resemble that of 3 851- —pictures, however, being added on this occasion—and that such preparations as can be made, in anticipation of more detailed information, may proceed upon this understanding. “As the demands for spacei however, will, in all probability, be very much in excess of what it will be . possible to provide, so that quality and not quantity , will have mainly to be looked to in deciding upon the ai tides to-, be admitted, the Trustee’s hope that t he greatest care will be exercised in selecting good specimens of the Industry aud Art.of e.idi Colony, and more especially of its natural productions.

“ As your Grace will readily understa id that as soon as proper channels, of - correspondence have been opened, the Trustees will have many matters to which to draw the attention of the Colonies, which are likely to take an interest in the undertaking, they venture very earnestly to request that the earliest opportunity may be taken for making known the substance of the present communication to the various CuJonial authorities. - I have, #c. F. R. Naxdford. “ The Duke of Newcastle, K.G. etc; etc. etc.” ' .. -•/ INVERCARGILL. ' From the Southern Neivs ol the 30th March we abridge the following particulars regarding the new Province, and its capital. In ou,r first number (Feb. 16), in an article headed, “ What we;were,'and what.we are,” .we showed ; that in. .1j357,‘ when Mr. J. T. Thomson, chief surveyor of Otago, decided on the site of! Invercargill,—as.our chief town i&. at present called,—there were but three build,-.

i;igs in the place, viz., the survey office, a store, and Mr. Lind’s “ traveller’s rest,” since superseded by his Albion Hotel, an extensive pile of buildings shortly to be further greatly enlarged. On the IGtli Feb. 1861, —and that without the district, town, or port having received any paternal aid or countenance from its late rulers, —the dwelling-houses had in-, creased to 210, exclusive of a large number just outside the town but within two miles of the Post office; since that last date several more houses have been erected within tfie town.

"While the settlers of Murihiku^ —speaking, it is to be presumed, from practical experience, as well as from personal predilection—bear warm testimony to. the salubrity of its climate, there are not wanting those who, it is to be hoped disinterestedly-italic of our district in very different terms : we are “ squally, rainy, liailly, frosty, snowy, fiercely stormy,” &e. ; so exhausting a very long catalogue of disheartening chaiacteiistics, and making us appear as if we were far less inviting as a place of settlement than the Orkneys or Western Hebrides. That we have wind and rain like some of our neighbours, is very true ; not long since, after an unusually fine summer, we had a succession of westerly and south-westerly gales for eight days, but we had neither wreck yor loss of life to record ; and that burst over, we have had fine clear bracing weather. The inhabitants of Stewart’s islaiuWrof which little known region we may have more to say on smother occasi n.: —declare that theirs is.even U milder climate than ours, and that the bays of Patter; on’s Inlet will be the watering-places of South New Zealand,

In 1857, where Invercargill stands was dome hush and scrub, hardly passable: now, both bush and scrub are rapidly vanishing before the sawyer ami builder—and tlieprincipal thoroughfares will bear comparison with those of the oldest towns in the colony, bath for width and formation; it would be strange were this not the case, looking to the level character of the district, and the abundance of fine gravel for metalling. The number of intending settlers recently arrived, has. been so great that increased hotel accommodation has been one of the wants of the day, and is leading to the enlargement of the existing public and private hotels, and the erection of two others. 7Fith merchants’ and. other stores we are well supplied, and tire, opening up of direct communication with Melbourne, Hobart Town, and Launceston, is exercising an extremely beneficial influence on our market. Our sail-, ing fleet is still on a. limited scale, although, in addition to our once sole visitant, the Star, we have several schooners trading to and from this, port with valuable general cargoes, ami vessels of from 300 to 600 tons register bring-, ing sheep, horses, and cattle for this district, sud, landing them at the Bluff—one of the finest harbours in the colony. In 1857 there were net more than 40 inhabitants in /uvercargill, and very few. country settlers; there aie now in Invercargill, including the suburbs, about 1000.

At a sale of town secti< ns in Invercargill, 7Fal!ace-town, and Campbeltown, the total amount realised was between £l.lOO and £l2O0 —the average thuit £2l ; the sections were a quarter of an acre each. Ti;e new premises for the Oriental Bank, though only part of an event as yet,, are being proceeded with rapidly, and "will be completed* in the course of about three weeks.

Stewart’s Island will,.soon be rising info considerable importance for its export of timber, two large saw-mills, one worked by steam, the other by water, having* been erected there both will soon be in full operation,, and will, have the effect of considerably lessening the cost of, timber. This will be a great advant-o age to Invercargill and Eiverton and the in- \ tervening country, as- there is now so much building going on. T’he number of whaling; ships frequenting the waters of Foveaux StraitsJ and the harbours of Stewart’s Island is again on the increase and when they find that they can always rely with certainty on obtaining a constant supply of stores in some one of the bays of Patterson’s inlet, the captains of the vessels that have come this season say the number of vessels will soon be doubled ; that, in fact, Patterson’s inlet will become the favourite port of call for the whalers. In his report as to the numbers and condition of the sheep in the southern district of Otago—chiefly, we believe, in what will be our new Province—at the end of September, 1860, Mr. Pinkerton gives the number at 137,197, and states their condition to be very good. He also alludes to the growing conviction of the value of this as a sheep country, and to the preparations making for the importation of large numbers of sheep. During the present quarter, 5879 sheep, of the value of £6176, have been landed at the Bluff lor this- district. Our export of wool from tin’s district, for the portion of the season that has elapsed, has been very considerable. Messrs. Gulden, Blacklock, and Co. have already shipped from this port (including some from Riverton), on behalf of their clients, about 150,000 lbs..; Messrs, T. J. "White and Co. (also including some from Riverton) between 30,000 and 40,000 lbs. T hese figures, however* must or.ly be taken as partially representing our wool export, while it must be remembered that there is a large quantity of wool yet to come down from the distant stations.

We have not tlie means just now at hand of obtaining any precise return ot the number of horses in the country which, will, be comprehended within the Province but we believe we may fairly assume there is a horse to every adult. During this quarter, 53 horses, of the value of £2790, have been,imported here. In cattle our wealth is increasing rapidly. Between Invercargill and the

eastern watershed of the Mataura, there are at least 4250 cattle ; and in the New Iliver District, east of the Oreti, a few of the settlers muster up auioug them between 400 and 500 head of cattle. These figures, too, do not include working bullocks and other cattle run-, ning wild. The import under this head for this quarter has been

THE OBSTACLES TO THE SECESSION MOVEMENT, A) S T D THE EFFECT’S ON THE COHRSE OF TRADE.

[From the Economist.'] The recent details of American news seem to prove that the present movement will for a ■long time smoulder in a chronic form, without leading to a decisive result on either side. Nothing can be mere astonishing and full of apparent contradictions than the state of poli tics in the American Union. At a casual glance the secession mania would seem t/O.haxQ spread with marvellous rapidity—with the power of a conflagration. Five States have declared, their secession, and two which have not yet taken that final step have seized United States forts and property (namely, Louisiana and North Carolina); The.record of but six.tnen days’ revolutionary work contains more than the same number of military achievements. 1860. —December, 27. Fort Moultrie and Castle Pin.ckn.ey occupied by the rebel forces. December 30. The arsenal at Charleston seized. 1861. —January 2. Forts Pulaski and Jackson, and the Savannah arsenal captured by the militia of Georgia. Fort Mason and the arsenal at Fayetteville seized by order of the Governor of North Carolina.

January 4. Fort Morgan apd.. the. Mount ■Vernon arsenal, near Mobile, captured by troops of Alabama. * January 8. Forts Caswell and Johnson taken by North Carolina militia. January 9. The insurgent, batteries of Charleston fire into the Star of the West, drive her out to sea, and prevent the reception of reinforcements at Fort Sumter.

January 10. Fort M‘Rae, at Pensacola, occupied by Florida.. * January 11. The National arsenal at Baton Rouge, with Forts Jackson, Pike, and'St. Philip, taken possession of by Louisiana. January 12. The i'iVavy Yard, vvi:h Fort. Barrancas, at Eensacola, taken by Florida and Alabama troops.

To this must be added the desertion of the revenue cutter to South Carolina and the capture of the Fulton by the people of Florida. The quantity of guns and small arms seized has been very large. The amount of United States property thus appropriated is estimated at. more than a million and a half steiling. Major Anderson is regarded as ex-, eeedingly unsafe in Fort Sumter, and the attempts to send him reinforcements have-failed. Thus far one could scarcely expect the revolution to spread faster. But there are unmistakeable signs of a hitch. In Georgia, though secession has been declared for, a strong minority of 130 to 165 in the Convention vo'ed against it. In North Carolina, though the forts have been seized, the measures for summoning a Convention are proceeding very languidly, ami Unionist meetings all over the State protest against extreme measures. Moreover, in all the Slave States, if we may trust, tne accounts that reach us on many sides, the men of property are getfng thoroughly alarmed at the very summary mode in which the revolutionists impose taxes, or rather fines on the rich, and are sending away their families, and not seldom escaping themselves from a state of society so. menacing. We see it 'stated by a contemporary, but apparently on very doubtful authority, that a tax of 16l dols. per slave has been imposed on all sluv< owners fin South Carolina by a secret ordinance which 'the papers are not permitted to publish. But it is admitted on all hands that direct taxation is exceedingly heavy, and the sole resource of the seceding States. Even the municipal city councils are taxing directly nearly all real and personal estate, including slaves, and imposing enormous taxes on free licgroe- - , with a view, no doubt, of driving them away. There is an utter want of resources in all these States, especially in South Carolina, and the authorities hesitate helplessly between rapacious appropriation of Government and private property, and their dislike to identify themselves irretrievably with that dangerous and fatal policy. Colonel Hayne, the commissioner appointed to negotiate with the Piesident for the surrender of Fort Emitter, at the last advices still lingered irresolute at Washington, delaying his final interview with Mr. Buchanan. The authorities at Charleston resemble hesitating and reluctant thieves, new at their trade. They, seized the other day on a private steamer, the Marion, carrying freight and passengers between Charleston and New York, considered her capabilities as a war. steamer, had her deck half sawed through for the proposed changes, and then suddenly changed their mind, ordered all the injuries to be carefully repaired, and restored her to the owners for the return voyage to New York. Everything indicates that-even the leading State of the movement is embarrassed as to its course of action, lias 1 not the means to defray the expense of a regular war policy, and is even yet reluctant to put the finishing stroke to its own work. And well may the revolutionary leaders be reluctant. The truth is, that small as is the power of the Union for aggressive purposes, its power of putting the most serious obstacles : in the way of secession is almost unlimited, i'be Government cannot venture to march troops .into the rebellious States, but it is bound to collect: the revenue duties on every ship i which, enters a. Southern port. Its revenue

cutters can and will hover out of reach of the jshor.e guns round the mouth of the ports, and compel the . payment...of., the Federal tribute. A riel in doing tlii&i it is, supported by the whole public opinion not merely of the North, but of every noniseceding State. Nor can one of the seceding States hope to organise a navy competent to resist tills, enforcement of the federal authority. They are absolutely helpless in the matter, and in the meantime their citizens are paying taxes both to the Hnited States authorities and the far heavier revolutionary taxes to their own provisional government, while half their trade, and mngh of their agricultural production,, are absolutely suspended. Nor does there seem, auy limit to this emT’he Southern Federation when formed*, will be as helpless in the matter, as the Elutes in detail. They can indeed retaliate by levying tribute from the ships descending the Mississippi, but thb chief result would be to rob. their own even, now; sends but little of 4tS products to, the Atlantic by way of the Mississippi and the Gulf--rits grain going almost entirely by the great lines of, railroad (the Illinois centra), the Grapd, Trunk line, and the Baltimore and Ohio), which are in exjunction either- with the Erie CJ’anal and the Lakes, or direetjy with the great rivers “ Tile cost oftransportatiomper mi e,” says the New York Times, “over the Erie Canal and the Z-akes is considerably less than on the Mississipi and its tributaries. We have* consequently swept trade of all the iVortlivVcsfern States. The increase of tonnage of the Western States, delivered at the, por-t of New York, has been from 54,000 in 1836 to 2,200,000 in I 860.” Andthe present movement stimulates greatly, of course, this transfer in the channels of trade. Already have both cotton and pork—both of them products of the South-Western Slave sent up the Misrisipphinstead of down, in order; to avoid-passing:through the revolutionise)! districts. Cotton has been carried up the Mississippi to Cairo, and thence by the Ohio and the Ohio and Baltimore line (now com-; plete) to the Atlantic.. Cotton for England, on the other hand, if this crisis lasts, may p'roba bty be taken from Cairo by'the Illinois Central Bailway and the Grand Trunk to the St. Lawrence. The Superintendent of the Michigan Central Railroad has already reported that the Northern and Western railroads are reaping great profits from the recent diversion in the course of trade.

It is clear, therefore, that the /Slave States must neither beset the Gulf of Mexico and the mouth of the Mississippi, nor even exact tribute at that outlet of trade, if they do not wish to lose it altogether. And hence their only means of. throwing off the yoke of the Union would be, either the creation of a navy,' for which we believe they have really not the whatever sacrifice they might be disposed to make for this purpose-—or to persuada the Government of the Union voluntarily to relinquish their hold. 7t is clear that they still hope most from the latter expedient. The senators and representatives of seceded and rebellious States remain still in the places in Congress which they have in fact professed to vacate, protesting against coercion and exhorting to peace. And there is notoriously a large party of mediators who would be glad to see some compromise. But we believe that all compromise will be, at present at least, indignantly repudiated both by the North and North- /Test. The cry of preserving the Union strengthens rather than diminishes in intensity. If, indeed, there were no alternative but open civil war, there might be some chance of a compromise. But the North feels that, with the potyerof blockading every Southern port by revenue cutters still lodged in the hands of the Government, and so indirectly extracting the tribute from the /South, the game is for a long time at least in their own hands, while the stagnation of trade, the expenses of a quadruple taxation, the fears of open hostilities, the dread of slave insurrections, will in time swell the party of submission in the South, and render it necessary for the rebellious States to retrace their steps. Even if successful in this policy,-, the great question will remain as unsolved as ever. The South will return to the Union in a spirit even more rebellious than it left it, and the struggle must' - soon be renewed. Still, delay is hope, yfnd States which attach—somewhat blindly, as we think —so much value to the external Union as do those of the North, are not- likely to acquiesce in disunion sooner than is absolutely needful, while they have-, the power of indefinite- delay in their ownliands, iij.' :■

DR. LIVINGSTONE— LA ZEST FROM ZAMBESI. By. the arrival of the John Williams, at Hobart Z'own, later news has been received from Dr, Livingstone’s party. We take the following- from the Z/obart Town Advertiser. Important news "of the Livingstone party on the Zambesi has just come to hand, via Transvaal, and Mr. Baldwin, who has recently returned thence to Potchefstroom, confirms the opinion of the sad death of the Rev. Mr. Helinore and family, and Mrs. Price and family, in the desert. The Onde Emigrant, of the Ist, instant, is the authority from which we derive the following information : The.arrival of Mr. Baldwin, the indefatigable traveller and hunter, from Zambesi eu route to Natal, places .much interesting information within our reach. We will premise, by ' stating" that ,Mr.' $. ha.s : the honor of being the'l first white, man wildhas penetrated to tliej Zambesi from the coast, and ; is the second j white awn who ever saw the Victoria Falls, which Dr. Livingstone discovered five years ago., Mr. Baldwin, after a most; eventful and

successful hunt as far as Moselikafcse’s country, left his waggons on account of the Fly, ami his people having refused to. accompany him, he gallantly started (unaccompanied).' oil foot. With that steadfast frieml-T-his gun, and a pocket compass, he struck for tlje Victoria Fallahe had. no guide but a map and Dr. Livingstone’s description. After much distress, owing to the scarcity of water, and igno-. ranee of the connjtry, interruption from wild animals, &c., to his own great astonishment, hit the river not three miles above the Falls. He was obliged to remain by the river two clays before any KafEirs would come over in their canoes. IJ- lie river was in this place at least 4000 yards wide, with an immense number of islands, some of large extent.: At length a canoe crossed,, and as.Mr, Baldwin had shot a rhinoceros, he regaled the; Kaffirs, and sent some ropat to,, the. chief.! 7’he next day other boats came to bring him' oyer.. It had been a. sultry day, and, Mr,: Baldwin could not. resist the tempting appearance of r the cool water, and with the iro.? ; pulse plunged in lie got out again fortunately; without accident. He wa§ not aware that the, river was swarming, with, alligators; the natives considered it dangerous even to put; their baud.into the water, A fevy days at-r,; Mr. Baldwin saw a Kaffir in the act of taking: water, out of the river, when one of those monsters sprung on him, swam, ab.out 500 yards with the poor, fellow, and sank to devour I him. Mr. Baldwin was introduced to the; petty captain of the Batokas, who asked him 1 who he was?- Answer;. An Englishman., How. find your way here ? . /Showed; them the compass. This was cpnsidered a. very poor answer, so Mr. Baldwin explained, to them as well as he could that Livingstone told him to come. At_ the name of Living-, stone they, showed numb interest. Where had he seen him? He had. never seen him.; Then how F could Livingstone tell him to come! if lie never saw him ? &c., till om\fi-iend: got bewildered. As soon as possible Mr.j Baldwin was "if to. the far-famed hills, the| roar of which was fearful ev.en at three miles; distance. Mr. Baldwin w;as lost in amazement! iat these w’omlerful works of nature, and the description given of them, by, Livingstone is

tame and underdrawn, for the reason that words cannot describe the wild and grandeur of the scene. , On his return to the Kaffir village, he was summarily taken prisoner, and the mo t un-., pleasant part of the business was he had no idea | for what offence. He described this part of his adventures as causing great deal of uneasiness. With the river before him, deprived , of his gun, his enthusiasm waned, but not his , pluck; and he remained in this position for days, when most opportunely and unexpectedly Dr. Livingstone arrived, accompanied by, his.! brother Charles and Dr. Kirk, with a retinue of , 70 Makololos, all armed with double barrelled', guns. The doctor was on his way to Sekeletu , fronj. Tete to Liny ante, 76 days on foot from , ,Tete.. The only animals they had with them were two donkeys, the use of which Dr. Kirk ; and Mr. C. Livingstone were often gla l to avail!. themselves of; but Dr. Livingstone footed it ( the whole distance. He was iu good health and ( in excellent fettle. The Livingstone party were ( not a little astonished at finding Mr. Baldwin | there. A favor Mr. Baldwin asked was, Dr. 1 j Livingstone’s good services to get him out of a | quandary, when the explanations were singularly amusing. The Kaffirs said, this manj comes here in a most wonderful manner; and: ( the first thing he does is to jump into the fiver, ( which is like death. Next he goes to the Falls, , and attempts to go where a monkey would not;* dare to venture. We were sure lie would kill; himself, and then someone would come and ask! ( where he was, and they would not believe be. a killed himself; hut would, say—we killed him.' - So we took care of him, as he was seeking his ;] death. The doctor set matters to rights, and; they stayed several days together. , The. doctorj told Mr. Baldwin that he had penetrated to lat. j 14.1 S, and had discovered Lake 90J 1 miles long, and another lake which, from des-i 1 cription, be more than , 300 miles long.;I Iu the neighbourhood is a table mountain, 20 miles long. The surrounding country is most ; salubrious, and good for cattle, sheep, &c. A'} great quantity of cotton is grown by the natives and sugar, coffee, and in fact all tropical pro- '■ ductions there, and a finer field for colonization; is not to be found in the world.

£ i Holloway's Pills and Ointment.—la angry I or indolent sores, and all skin diseases origina-, ting in impure or .weak blood, or depraved seoretions, the joint agency of Holloway’s Pills] atid Ointment is perfectly irresistible. It is of little consequence * how long these disorders nyiy have lasted, or how sluggish, or obstinate, or malignant tliey may seem, the daily application of the Ointment to the parts affected, and a course of**these, matchless Pills will most certainly effect a cure, not temporary or superficial, but complete and permanent. Both the Ointment apd Pills are composed of rare balsams, unmixed with mercury or any other deleterious substance. They are, accordingly, as mild and safe as they are powerful and efficacious. 34