THE WANGANUI CHRONICLE AND RANGITIKEI MESSENGER. "Vèritè sans peur." Wanganui, March: 28, 1861.

Wanganui Chronicle, Volume 5, Issue 228, 28 March 1861, Page 2

THE WANGANUI CHRONICLE AND RANGITIKEI MESSENGER. "Vèritè sans peur." Wanganui, March: 28 , 1861.

It appears, to us, that one 6f tfife maost import- , ant local matters but :f inembers-!cWill. liave; to fv urgb <fn the afteiitipirof the le^isla-

lure; is itlib grantiifg of a- subsidy to! tlie'Wofigk^ here once’ in the 1 fortnight Sl of Hitlierio, say tlie owners of that her trade with Wanganui ha 9 not"been remunerative to justify them ,-in pending, her hitherregularly ‘without a subsidy, \ they ‘are’ correct in this statementbut they have beeit wrong ;in acting_'according to sySte m vvliich jibs hiefely r reference to preSelit jffdfif. i'N’ot that suph a.coinpahy 'siiohld be guided by iimy other principle than a regard to"their owit 'pecuniary interest. To expect a private or public trading company to conduct their'bnsiI ness solely or chietly on _ plnjaii'fh'rppic print jcililes.is out of the question... So much so; indeed, that the very-.pretence of doing’sp would' i raise the suspicion,' that under' such a pretext’ they charged mor'e\lhan.. thei^, neighboursTor it lie same-article: .for though Tin many tilings,,-.',

Men, swallow nonsense aiid a he^ ; \Viih greediness and gluttfiny^ 1 '" ‘ . iyfet: when their personal' interest’' is cdiv^erried'' , tlieir pbfdeptjons'.are Teh'der v ed' : innre'a'cutej aiitl it heir stoiiiacii is'iro longer. omnivorous.'’ r 13uf jthough tire ’inhabit ants of Wangatiiii could' not expect the owners , of‘ tire' Wonga Wonga .to run their vessel, atv a’ lV>ss' for'the convenience -of this 'district.;'"yeti these owners might have reasoned, that though the Wonga Wonga ing to this port at any odd time when a chance cargo came in her way, as on the arrival at Wellington of a vessel' from 'England,. witll st, large parcel of goods for this place, did not :.get'ennttslrof freight hack' to pay the necessary expeiice* yet that by . sending that vessel regularly, more or lefs frequently accordnig to the recommendation of »he agents" here,' and with sufficient: previous notice, they might get what, would justify them in continuing a trade which, if not greatly "remunerative' in the meantime,, might he expected gradually ap'd Steadily .to increase. \ Witli-p'roper..tegtdatUMH?. as to rates of freight a"d frequency of opppr;tunity, there can be no. donbt that tire Wonga W'onga’s freight list —would - -become much lofiger atid’ nn re satisfactory.;;' Hut, wha t has licen the system of, management hitherto? The steamer came■'•oh ho particular days'previously advertised } or if a dny was advertised ; there were, ten chances to one against her keeping it. There was no .-place in-town .in

which goods could be stored if she happened not to coine- in "at 'the expected- time, as was too.often the case.. -;Having frequently 'little or no cargo to' take in, she was hurried off tlie snme t ide within ah , hour .. or two of her arrival, so that .sometimes? residing •within a few: miles,of the do.wit lost their passage by her, and yowe.d -that in. fiitnre, they would never set a foot Qn.JierMlee]k. u -.'WjtS'.t![ijs away to get a” ’increase, 'o]f. ? ? 'f'|£as v 'it not .)’iit..iier/j'he'’,n(ost- i cbrt|im Veh those’ who to -eneb'u rage'the atVaiiiV from having 'imytliiiig fb'.4b .with her .? Migiit. it;hpt "tfell -givh '.rise. ; tlie suspicion ihat the--subsidy was too large ; that it rendered her independent of the public ; aiiif that the owners were 'acting bn the maxim,-—“ steal a pig, and give aWiiy: fhe Vtiotters. for conscience sake -take the subsidy, bind give as little as possible to tlie'public in return for if? '" It is pleasant to' be able to say that'some of these things are changed for the' better now. ' 7’he necessity for j> \ iji ct ua 1 i t:y ' seems better understood, or at least time is belter kept, probably owing to the increase of power obtained from the, recenMy v -ailarged boiler space in the vessel. A' commodious store is now at the service of shippers" free of charge,.and Jhis of itself gives great’facility in the shipment of country' produce. 1 Tlie use of a proper stockyard with bay, 'or paddock with' grass,: for

slieep ami cattle;-'aJid^of f a“;j^rU:'WJ|gi;;i : ri* tended for shipimhiV,. into wlii’elr thdy/might'be ptituiitil the 1 vessel was-ready-to receive them, would encourage the shipment''of such aniriials. 7'liese, and such other arrangements as would insure the safe and; quick carriage’ of perishable articles, such as eggs and fruit; and the punctual transmission of goods in: general, would lead to the steamer being- much better supported than she has' been;;, While, in benejatiiig themselves' the owners would liave the pleasureof knowingthat they were developing tlie agmuituraV aiulipbslol’lL capabilities of thedistrict. Our members will, no doubt see that if a subsidy is given.a sufficiently frequent communication with Wellington be obtained for •it; and/among other things, let' iis tab^ilieliberty • to point out tlfe desirableness. bf so iirrahfiihg the vbsseVsr' ‘trips' to i this place‘that die 1 nifty 'bring'' atVd‘ take ’away the £[iigtish mails/ ’ There is an 'appiicii troll•‘tb'ib : e*(apiYefaK Trovernment now in course 1 of signature‘,heft>, for a special messenger to" be employed'Wen heeded to insure expedition in tlie transmission of the .English mail.between tliis and Wellington. > 7 ? here, ciiultt; lie better*, messenger than the Wonga ’ Which,if she could not come from Nelson . direjet so long as she . continues to fnail to Wellington, , could come hither via Wellington ; and an arrangement, might be.iß.9de by which, as-long as the mails Sydney to. 2’araiiakii she might run up/, with our mail to Taranaki, and thus' give us ten or twelve dhys later communication ' with the home * country ’ than we have at present Or if these two things cannot be done, the- latter service,, which is the more desirable, might be secured. There is no place in New Zealand of equal ' importance which is now so fyrbelli ndjn the. receipt and despatch pf.the'.English.'...mail..as ; Wanganui, and it .behoves'our members the aid of the, jProyiuciaLCqunciisin putting us. iu a'more poshio'n.' ' .... ■ . .. Whether regard .is.had to the trade of the- . port, or the bringing .'us nearer to England by • tjie space of nearly ,a iprtnight in the'trans- - mission pf the mail,/it is highly desirable that , ihe Wonga Wpqga’s services’should be secured, . and we liave no doubt our members are too,,

n^uch,aiiye;|o / theincej^of. .stjcli i.,-a com? • muuicafipn; notip usq<; their, best efforts to se*: cure it on the most aiiyaiitageaiis, terms,-'

.. ib’C4L.' INTELLIGEN6]& . v * ') 'No. G,OM[PANY.-7* This {compaMy^jparatled.'; on in ;MrV Nixon’s flat,jand through sundry evolutions Wry.creditably/ After having been I nit th rough' the; m anual dirt cl ‘; pi atooh, ex’e rc ise, they were"thrown out in ,t\yo skirmishing parties ; aqd from the/ prompt manner in which they attended to,thebugle .calls, and the preoisip,n and steadiness' with*'fyliigH they changed front 'several times’ in /yaridiis' directions while in. .skirmishiiig order, "a . spectator . would not. have .imagi’neu that they liad not/bee'n out at drijr for three' months, or that previously their from, the wide space over ■winch' ‘areT scattered* Keeq’somewhat nttens^li.o *. jsq; . Titll e^rijepumeiit fyonj" Qiliy. a few of; them; have the, long Enfield rifl[e, anil a considerable number of those jvhojiaye muskets have no' waist, belts, and haVe; td ;• carry tlieir bayonets fixed. -This is not as : it . oughtr to be.’ aiid either the government does not believe in its,o\vn declaJ rations of the probability of a general war, or it is acting most carelessly and cruelly in sending to the island,, where the volum teers have •no immediate need • for them, the /rifles which are, according to their own theory, ;so,urgently, required here. We do hot refer /-tO*the or indeed of. any of ; the companies .here, contending on equal terms w.itli the. volunteers in other settlements for tlie. government prizes j. fop that, though of 1 considerable .use in encouraging. attention to ball .practice, is of comparatively little imj»or t ty.nce, , The Joss of tlie prizes is a smalt matter, beside the destruction of life and property;.that might be occasioned in a district imperfectly armed, iiiid thus unable to make resistatice. "... .... °. ' v AmehicaV remedies have lately been proposed for this pest. J'lie'simplest we have heard of is the planting of broom'under or J ,hear the trees,affected. At. Putatau, pari of ' onC side' ofMr. Francis Williatnsbn’s orchard is fenced by brortih, and the row of apple trees next tlie fence is free froW bljght,. which appears, however, in great 'abundance, on the trees in the same row, where the fence nekt them is not of broom. '1 lie Second row of trees from the broom fence, , about thirty 'feet from it, is also covered with • : the blight. At Gordon Park, in the same •) .neighbourhood, the same remedy has been ( Jprbnii|es to; be - successful. Young j brooin plants.' were placed*,below{ trees Already arrd it" is foiih.d.tliat as tlie grows ,| -up the blight . disappears, and Mr. Paterson • expects that he will, soon' get rid of it entirely. These two’ may not be sufficient to establish the certainty of a cure by this means ; but at any. rate they are sufficient to justify any one in making a trial.;,’ more especially as broom hedges are good for protection where a \ garden, is exposed to winds' Meeting.-— We understand there | is to be a pretty large meeting of Natives at Putiki on Saturday, at which the preseh ce of Europeans will be .welcome. )Tt will ; coin- * men.ee between 10 and 11 mm..

r ; ,' ; THE SEIDGE MEETING. ‘ ? Agreeably ta ailyertisement, a Tneeting was held yesterday in for the r purpose of taking into ,consideration . the necessity;pfmemorialising his: Horiqr ;the Superin- .. teiid,e|it .to remriye the site of ; the; bridge, to Durie’s creek, as being the most eligible situa* tion.- ... ■; ■■ ;;.y, '•, ... ■ . T. be meeting was pretty well attended,; and there ri was; a large .proportion of : country settlers.. ...

" l /n consequence of -Major Z)inie, the JResiMagistrate, who called the meeting,'being ..detained by a case.jri. bis .court, Mr.'Gibson of Kaikokopu* on the motion.!; of Mr. jones, took the chair, and having read the ad.ver- . tisement-palling the meetings asked a fair and ” impartial hearing for tlie speakers. Dr. Allison asked if it was understood that - a drawbridge was still insisted on, as the determination 7 of the site of the' bridge would necessarily depend /a good deal on whether ‘ .this was to be tlie case.,' If so, they had the . whole‘range of tlie river from Putiki to Duriets) , creek from wliicli to choose a site'•s hut if not; # must .necessarily be, so far up, at least as. Major. Durie’s creek. , J.oiies said there was a drawbridge in the presortt' plan. ‘ . • t Afr. Geo;, Roberts did hot think it necessary flint there should be a drawbridge. -Such an opehing'ni the’bridge >yould greatly weaken { it.fand it was one object y in having it above ; present town to do away with the necessity for such a thing. It was riot at all needful for Vessels to go up the river for produce. They required to be warped up, and the expence was very great. Flat-bottomed punts could be used to bring down and . would Be found—-as indeed lie knew from his own y experience—much cheaper;; so. that the ..^. 1 - V ]* n r'„. a drawbridge, in order that the. navigation of the riVer might be ' kept open, was unnecessary; ’ Besides, drawbridges were difij-j cult.to manage, arid there would be a ,con-j . siderable risk in; getting . vessels, through such f a ririfroiy space when the current was strong.) The goVOrnmerit had no. faith, in. a drawbridge, j .and were’ anxious that.there.'should not be onej in the bridge at; Victoria avenue j; but of corirse. as there wris a good deal of shipping 1 ’ of cattle'above;Yictbria avenue,."it ‘was abso- 1 ' Uitely necessary that there 'should ,be.' &iich !a[ bridge unjess, the site were changed tp Majorj Duties creek’, Another reason forbid wishing!; ■ :i;

‘to seer, ii-^hau;re(r'- e was, expfe.ifce oft building -a taking into account tlie saving by' dispensing with a drawbridge, would be iess'ihan at Victoria avenue, an ] the, bridge, would be £3OOO betterfor. its'stability , would be insured. ,At the side of the. river where there was deep water one span only would be required instead, of. .three, and,thus all floating timljer ,vpquid. pass 'through without injuring tlie piers* -The expence was a nba* important con sideratibii, and on this ground alone he thought .there was a strong case for- a change; of sites He.felts,ure..tHei’e > would be no bridge at all if there was to be a drawbridge; " ;

Afr. Ross asked, iL any of jjhe gentlemen who had tiny/statement properly authenticated as to the expence of tlie bridge proposed—as to the practicability of building it at the hew site-—athPas tb other matters which were intimately connected with t.hj& siihjcctrand all of which required AVas there present, knew as to .these matters ?’ "/ The sitertf the bridge should be changed, it was said. What were the grounds on which that opinion) bad been arrived at? , What'advantages Were; to he.gauiejl £; ,Mi%.. Roberts had said-,.that; there was •no need ' of it drawbridge; •bbcahse vessels did not need to go further up the river tlififk Dprie’s- creek, as punts could -he employed at. fesS expence. B'tit punts would charge just as milch as the vessels, and there was the additional of transhipment. The government, said Mr. Roberts, were opposed to a drawbridge, hut they had always intended that t.here,should he one. ,(Mr../Joberfs—-.No, no.) He (Mr. Ross) knew, from having seen, the papers, that there was in the plan a draw- ) bridge of 25. feet wide.. . . .\;

Mr. Roberts again rose. ahd said, tliat.be had not expected there was ; to.'be any special pleading, at, the meeting. Mr,. RosS asked ohms a n d specifications for the bridge at. Diirie’s creek; but was tlie other party prepared with any tiling of the kind ? Tliey ought; equally to hc. in possession of such statements. | Was it expected tliat he and his friends were) to be engineers ? It was the. duty/, of the government engineers to provide such plans. The government disapproved of the present site and AVfit.he(drawbridge. >■. b .. . j l\rr. ./Joss rejoined, that he had merely j asked a question,?-.that they might, .obtain In-.i formation, wbicli would, enable them to dis-j cuss the question with , their eyes open. FTe| did not himself understand bridge building;) and must therefore;pbt;ap|\ data, for forming a! judgment before,l>e’:'boti'w/decide in the m:\ttei.j Dr. Allison asked if a r drawbridge was in-) eluded In ithe. present iplan ; and- .it seemed as if Mr. Roberts acknowledged .that that was a 1 point o.f ; great importance ; hut if so, of how; mUcH'/greater -importance all those -matters' which he had enumerated. For instance^Mr. Roberts had said, that the bridge orf the new site would cost £I6OO. less than on the old. Who gave trustworthiness of his informal® dejiended the degree of weight to be attached to the statement. , • ,

, Mr. /Joherts explained that he had calculated the diflerence by the Rule of Tl> r ® e - He .bad taken the lengths of the. twO ibridges and . the difference in length: had given him that sum. / . .. ■.

Capt. 6'ampbellsaid- that the best way to decide the matter would be for the Government to send down a competentengineer who might examine the river. .With regard to a draw - bridge -lie -was aware that in the old country, the GovernmenfcWould not allow any navigable river or creek to be bridged over so as to obstruct the 'navigation. There must' either lie a ’ draw or the arch must be of a' sufficient height' to allow vessels to pass with their masts standing. He did not know. if the same law was in force here ; but no doubt if it could be allowed the bridge would be much stronger without a draw bridge. ' j

•j Mr. /?oherts here instanced the Thames;as '-a river whiohjwa? navigated far above where ' bridges were 'thrown over it; but Mr. -Ross replied .that./that was an exception.for which there was a special charter. , ; The Gjiairman here ; called the meeting toj its proper business; and Dr. Allison made’ a j motion , that as there: might be.other places j equally.eligible for the- bridge it should be; left open, to Contractors .to choose a. site opposite any . street, between,; the,, upper end.;of, Putiki Pa and Durie’s creek, ; and that,the cheapest c<uitractor- .should ; have- the, prefe ; rence, provided bis tender was ,J 250,0 lower, tbgn. the cost, of, bujldyig.tlm,bridge at Yictoiia Avenue. .Mr,; Ge q. ( . .Iloberts. seconded, the motion* which was: however afterward9 i .>vithdrawii.i ; Aixsx spine:, remarks from .. Air. Rosa and AI r. Nixon, j H. 8., Bo her t.s ‘ said, ..that;, permanency,, iStu.es». _ foiv.tiier public:/.traffic,.and lastly the ex pence, were > tlie. three; things that should, be looked at in choosing.a site;-. The town. ; would stretch up the river, and he thought that, in all these respects Durie’screek was.preferable, and moved a resolution, to that effect, which was seconded by Mr. /ones. Air. Ross moved an amendment, requesting tlie government to appoint an experienced engineer, to examine, and report both as to a [bridge with, and one without a drawbridge, iMr’ Ross dwelt on.the.folly of shutting up.the ; navigation of a river -which steamers could ascend for so manyfmiles. Mr. Geo. Roberts; nioVed > a. second amendment, which was;seconded by Air. Nixon,-- , 1 -.** That it la the opinion- of 'this meeting, as i far as their observation and experience go, that the most desirable site- for the bridge is 1 at Major Durie’s creek, - or beyond, it, -Stilus 1 obviating the necessity of a drawbridge, wliicli 1 must be the ca?e lower k down; less- 1 '.piling the ?sgeric.c ;. r and what is. o£ greatest I

Vf mpor tance ; gi v rifg • per in , lgitvirtg it tb/the rltliey* will tmiistriitet ; oriflthac.wi«yvf:...*-.? A : : - Fhis amendment being put was carried almost the - meeting dispersed—.- * •. * rv; --f; . . ... c?s:

. ; , ffELLINGTON. • v r (-FfoTif. v ; : jylß6 1./jO We are 'pfcrticujarly' •bat ! rellfc'-trf i interesting news this weak. 'The final result of the WatVarsipa far ascertained that/Sinitb returned liy-large majorities over.their opponents, Masters and Jackson ; it’s a mystery to me what Harry meant by- s(andi{ig;,atv!all, as be is-a great Featherstonite. ~-The naminatioti of place on Saturday ; It. was a very dull, tame affair;, and sliArt { work./' ■l'hS J ie'di<lFtiOt?*l|)pear to he oVer 30 to 40r electors pyesgHl, -BfNl poor Pickering looked like a.- drowjied- ratswbenahe j could only get t.wo to/thfee hands jbedd,up for j him.. It-is too bad ;6f ; ! ;Pdwlerf#iiti; [the row.dies to persuade bjmtto and then “ drop him like a hot potatoin fact, they- liaVe, ‘of latd -i been so thoroughly beaten, tffiit they have not the pluck even to show face publicly. Out returned—(you-may omsider the country- districts as well thrashed) —they can only return one member, Roijase'; w hat rqypl.u tion,f ta.jbie Ma«-. jor Richarilsmrwijj bje elected as Superinte}|)ieut for Otago. A fter tlte •dismissed dfuranprcW;. friends ; se^,that. ;it’s no use/cpntestin&.iqr as |iiey the Governor would never confirm the appoint:; inent; it is said lie will .yyithdraw. Dillbh; Ibdl aiid Walter A/antell, geologist.;’have been), returned ffir WallaceVcoujity—np.iopjigisition.;" If Dilloir gets the hilfet bf 'jV.atiye Secretary,,: 1 which he is pretty certain of, lie must'resign J his seat. As, we jiave up of 1 the members' of th‘e 1 ia 1 ' Gouncfr being gazetted at Auckland for another month,,it does riot appear ‘that 'there /.will ; he :C a sitting soon, as‘ the - May.- Smith* and Co. hiiV&' bbtafn'ed “the 1 eoti- - tract for building the 55 sold^)rs Cr iiiiti at TiiV 1 ranaki ; the /price, I is close upon 1 £6G(!)(% , iahd Bill' Taylor,\Hutt, proceeds to 1 Plymouth to superi.pt§jyl ;th'e'*eTeb£ions. . 7’his i.s the only decent 1 scmbt'tiiitt'TFelling- 1 ton has received’...frpin commissariat-.- I hope it s may be% good beginning ! tor other contracts, which..,.cqp he as.clieaply ' executed 'herS* as" at A'u^l ) a^d.. v itn.(i''’jlelsoii, which seem to’have picked Hij) all tlie plums. ' d'h® Wild /)iick, sailed witlf a bumper cargo for London bir ‘Thursday, and t)ie Ajmerican 1 barque Mary Merrill sailed for 1 Boston; this is the first difectyesser that has • left for that portthe purchased, here ' s6me 400 bales' wOolj and stiifiniflg prices. I bear that £IIOOO cash has been .paid. The s Louis aiid'Miriam ‘has arrived from Sydney 1 with a seasoiTable supply ’sugar's, Vibich are ' very scarce and .’selling'at jfdmiiie^’pirces.' A I barque is signalled from ffiortb; 5 /Supposed [ he 1 a cdlHe,r 'froih' . Tlie late ' offieer b'f tlid’ 'General, Serancke, * has not pitclf iiifflHlm u Wefllligtb'tfiiVns * in right good earnest since his arrival iii A tick- 1 'and, anticipatory of Ul advanced pay ‘and posi- 1 tioirfor servility rendered ,t° Paddy Stafford 1 and Company. • ; -/ •<

JYfxson INSTiTUTM:fr-;i;jie nqw byiljingfor the Institute is; ii(ilv'^b.uea'i*‘Cort : ipletl|c>ji | that the bubks wlif’ch tlie Jibrary iri i the old building are iioW'- lining refftoved into j it, and by .the next' vessel from /i’ngland an important addition of several hu ml mFvoJ nines will be made to theni,.i.lie })rpcebdS"'bf donation of £3OO from j funds. i .ftttetl up, ;aii'tl the valuable specimens obtained from Europe jmay.now be seen to advantage.— -Xelson Mx^ntintr. The Coixing wood' C?,orip Mining Com-pany.—-This company;’having set aside all the quartz obtained from the presumed 'quartzreef upon tlieir claim wherein gold, was.vi iltle,

! collected the reinaiinler*: auil,vhavlng.Submittml lit to I). Gibbs, Esq. for assay, that gentlemim has reported tliiit-it t giy.es a projiortion' of •‘3 ozs. 6 dwts. 16 grsy toTlib ton. This result would of course'have considerably, larger bail not the qiiartz heeirri‘&sffi-tgd:~/X ' Shocking Delth xuk Gold FiELDS-^4./^ ,; priblico'hoiise, < iccupied 'by Alr.‘ Jamfeff I Was’- totally destroyed by fire diiriiig -'the-‘'might' of-Thurs-day the 28th .of charred remains of a human bi)'dy,-'Bt4>jvosed to lie that <»f Air. Crooks, were; discovere 1 in the smouldering ruins. The wal sitaate r hi^••G'olden Gully, and wlmt is iridst singular is, that none of the diggers 'residing'in tile imin.ediate neigh-

bqurhood lieard or saw anything,.of tlie confiagratipiii'or knew tliat Hli'e. lidusfe -\vfts destroyed,* until - the Friday ii^mrig/ when, finding that it had disappeared, s#fhe of themhvent to the s|)6f arid sa’vy oi,ily ;: itsi 4urns. ' (Search was. made, as it was ; At#‘Crooks had ■been, seen there" night, and a portion of a human; body was foimd, f but it was so, fearfully burned- as to prevetu’ 1 identi fi’catidn, the iiead apd lower eXtreßlitiesr.7'haViirg been ’entirely ''i Voltjn'Deer /fiFLES.4-Coii. tlfe .dstiMaydi a silver bugle ? ■ was. presfriteef sto B'Gqtripany by the. rladies : qE ‘ vYairned \Vest. Mrs. Blutuleli’ presented ; : tlipv .bugle, and. Lieut.Coionel Richmphd. proof pfuthe interest .taken in the-. : , : by. the. fair sex would induce the -Company to give still greater attention to Games of. \yarious kinds took place afte?pt|ia^presqii<Mipnj;and

ika-day-was concluded by two.bal 1 s^- —r lam. |r Mr.i Haast’s Coast.—Mr. Haast. has found . .that there are ttf Jhe Cri'ey districtat leas.t. fi.QO'.OOO acres of good agricultural land, well; watered, by numerous streams, with an abundance of; timber ;■ there:is a Very-large Coal fields easily reached d>y!water, and the, mineral; it contains of a quality superior to any yet (fiscovereil in New Zealand, and identical with that of the Newcastle field in Australia ; anil lastly, the .district only requires a moderate outlay to become as accessible as the Wairau or //muri.

IV angapera Gold Field. —A correspondent of the Examiner writes with .to this district,—“ There is here a very .rich as well as a very extensive gold-field, and this province will be immensely benefited by it. There is about it, and ■Nelson. yet be^ableF 1 to-,’rear' its head prOudly aloftamongst the- proVnices of New Zealand. Tjie, gold-field runs in a. belt apparently throughout the whole lengtjv.af jthe jjiacJj.-bqne ranges, extending over an “immense tract’ of country; and I am informed by Mr. It. I'ilkington, who has prospected it extensively fie the last twelve months', that gold is found libi only in the rivers, creeks, and.guides, but even 'on-the tops of the highest hills, ami that the nearer you,,get to ;the back ranges -the heavier, the, gobl l)(|ciones. : Where the diggers are now working the gold is.almost all nuggety, some rirfiniiigds large as horse beans.” ri: : : ;

To Dress Flax without - ExPENcfil-rr First of all get a;piece of ground Where tbeTe’s plenty of flax and plenty of water; securely fence it in with a good substantial fence ;, be careful that there is nograss in it—m little iuilrusli . dr.manuka won’t hurt. :If the pa ldoes .not exceed five acies, |-ut ihtokH four horses and a cow, and let them stay jthv winter through .without cot n or hay, and’ you wHk fiinb theniH'giy * industrious / both; diiyfandj night dressing llax-—some they. may.swallow, but; the greater, part you may. have -for. carry ■ ing away. Correspondent of the. Nelson Colonist. - , • . :,. ■T - . - ATJCKI/AND.. i 'U.-/,'. ■ ,- : j >. British- and Foreign ' I Sidle Nocietv.— /At ameeting of the auxiliary: society in v/urklandv held on the; sth March, :it,;was. reported that the revision'of the*A/aari Bible has been completed, a service rendered by the Venerable //rchdeacou Ivissling; the Rev. Thomas Buddie, the Rev..- ReofianF /Filliums, ajidpthe indefatigable and able > translator Archdeacon iVlatinsell. The Venerable //rchdeacon Mauusell said lie was Very glad to see notice taken of the sunt collected; by the natives ;of the Waikato district.- He then gave some ..account of. the feelings of tlie natives at the //'aikato, and, most emphatically denied that there was ajiy ground for the rrepcaited ,rutniotira, and panics which had prevailed, in Auckland relative to an attack from the VTaikatos., ; i The; Superintendent.—Mr; \Villianison seems to.be in. the same position as Dr. Featherston was lately, the majority of the council baying a strong antipathy to any measure proposed by-him altogether irrespective of its merits. As an instance, they .refused to take into consideration q bill for the improvement, of Ouehunga harbour, which, among other benefits to Auckland would have considerably cheapened the price of coal.- In cpijsequpuce the council has been prorogued till-the elections take place.

Stock from England. —-A short time since we had; great pleasure in congratulating our fellow colonists, upon t.ke safe arrival of hares, partridges, deer, horses, sheep, ami cattle, imported from England by Messrs-. Graham.' We are happy to find that there are other equally enterprising;colonists in the Held, Mr. James /Eilliamson, who has just returned--from ('/real Britain, having brought with him a couple ol blackbirds.-which he lias set at libvity at lietnitera, where they are.<,making ; “ the grove.' ihelodious,” and where we hope they will rapidly “ increase and multiply.” Five black swans have, likewise, been introduced .'fi om. Australia and launched upon the College hike, where it is to be hoped they will find secure and satisfactory quarters. Theie are iilair.a number of firnt-rare horse-stock among Mr. Williamson’s importations, but as these are to be submitted to public we leave it to more competent authorities tb M.eiidiW them the justice they, deserve! —New Zealander.

LETTERS TO ) THE EDITOR.

March lUlh, 1861

Sir,—Allow me-a few observations in .reply to your remarks”o'n '-my. letter - published in your last number. . Foil think, sir, that I am not acquainted with the real, state of the feelings of the Irish people here relatively to your adopted article oirtheJrish brigade: But .you: might, yourself alter your impression, ifrwoir considereltliat I am with them ofteiier than you,.and consequently must know : th->se feelings better than yon, and I think, that 1 know them, well; and, in the present instance, on the day when the article appeared, I heard some of them express themselves very strongly on the sub: ject, and ; one of them even say, that, he had been to complain to one of the principal pro[irietors of the Chronicle.- ■ In. fact, whatever may be your tenderness for the child of your adoption, I am sorry to say that it-was'very offensive, and, though I am not. touchy, I felt myself- very much .annoyed, by it. But the English peopj’l are. spl used to inflict outrages on the Irish, that they -do it often - without thinking-; .and-the Irish are so used to receive outrages from the English, that they do not always express their resentment of them ; still they must be of: another nature-j hut the human if they did not feel them; 7’lie.English press, will bq literally overflowing, w ; Uh reports

. .of„.E.nglklt infanticides. robberies. aiiA Kacd? dgeds- oit every, shade,, yet cofbuitil ‘ - pliers cpinmitted. iti, Ireland’, atkl anywhere by ait ’ Irishman,; cploni(U'>papers. will not fail- to copy it, to comment bn- it;/ andtalk rof ; the Irish; : crimps. If there be a dirty or silly story to relate, it .wij|i be.*always .throwtupri the sliout<lers,qf,.the.,lrish,,.,.and. nothing wi,1,l evejr be sai'd of ’their “’deeds of skill, of intfusfcryi; genius, of courage, .and magnanimity , of virtue, nor of their services 1 ,.'iiubiic ami p.jjrivate. It will be .worse if the religious feelinsfp;li<jtouched as br and must be often the ease ;:,;nof\vill the whole be;improvedj ifiserious" instills be capped* by ?,sn ; gers: t and : ,.jeers nor! mdst you* sir,, imagine, that derisions at evert; such little trifles as a bad pronunciation; or Pther lndiffecent .things even smaller; than ’thaty-are very acceptable to the human heart, when they home to crown all the, rest., The injured party may not express thtir indignation from con-" • tempt, or habit, or natural generosity arid good temper,, ok . -leiitimeiit'of^nnsr tian patienCe;, biUMti* i$ 'mil in Amman , iiot fo notice,qne’s being singled, outas a mark-; for these'.otit;ages, iior eitß*rito; feel.ijisensiblo-. to theni; nor dobs that silence'of tiieiis justify,the of . the offence, or.make it just, and charitable. ' Wor should sndi things, be--CitWe they are done in England,..be. iieie ;, iiof .should they, if imitated, be excused , by sayiiig, that' the people .who- are made the--, objects of tlienr hiiye ,'tpo;’. muclLdf good sense - to. dffehce -at them, because, sir,'good. |efi4t att. irttult, but;.the reverse ;- upr- must ,we ,try too,, hard liie teniper 'ami-patience of btir fellow--cn;atures., iii tlie case o'f our AVangaiiUi lrish,. t hey feel that they; are no inconsiderable jjapt. -if the 'population ; that, .they : contfibiiitb? -together? with-. their fellow-settlers, to all the; works of charity and public utility which are,done iii-;the •i'>lace'; : , they even •■cpntribHt.e, the other iujiabitanls, to the. support of yourItaper.; and therefore they ; feel that they aim eutitied,? together; ttyith..' i tjb|3 ;ptiier people, to your regard and resjiect, espepialjy : >ylien ..they give you no provocation whafeyer.; it is useiess to,>ay you. didn’t speak of the- nien .of, the Irish brigade, as. Itoman Catholics;'; wp did not • • ur^e [yes give such : ,a .ixipuning to.your wqrds precisely. .But 3 t o,u spoke of .them, say.-yim, as, soldiers. VVell, sir, they were in this insiance soldiers of the Poj:e—and.-Irish soldiers, i ; oii ■ foinid a" isecret to. separate all those things one from the other ? Or have you been endowed with such a : , nice as to have dearly discovered a : lyeil-defiiied' boundary. between them ?;. lor , myself, I can see?; none, Aiul,-then; tlieir friends and countrymen hern have no one to defend their and our common cau^p.Therefore;, jLj naturally j enough step fonyanl and ctiai'npipn ,them, : Hi's you call,it;; and the more so, and the more plainly ?and being ; of another nation, I niust . be cpnsidered neutral ami impartial. between 4 ;lie English 'and- Irish. I will , always i chamr pion my Irish people, u^t; in order to create auy ill feeling where it-does. '.hot. exist (God preserve, me horn it!), but in -order to point *>ut to you the occasions whicli might produce

;it, and request, you in a g od spirit to avoid tiiem. ; A/iitual g< od liel ng . makes the happiness of a community, and th.it priceless boon pan be lex‘pycted'~to. be preserved only by mutual regard. r Atiii certainly, sir, allow me to *‘y. yqur.rqu. tat ionsare no .patterns of it,. True, jou. have taken s.me, of them from one of the most liberal papers, especially : in .religion ; but we Catholics have . learned well by long experience what justice-and. treatment we intist expect from such liberal-papers, aiid from the.,liberal rulers whom they,support. Daniel l)’Cpniu Jl called, them!,,the; is they who have enforced the penal lavs in England .-and Ireland, enacted new ones, and. applauded them ; they- who. in my country, brought thousands; tothe .axe in- shoutings “ liberty 1 ’ fhVy who persecuted, put to dejith, banished the p.ustors of: the church, plundered her property, profaned and levelled her temples to.the giqund; they did the same, some years iig'o, iii tSpain, 6’vitzerland, Biiden, and Piedmont,'mid lately in Tuscany, Sicily and Naples, —always in the name and in consequence of their liberal principles ; and so, sir, when; ybu say you have extracted your supers from a most libt rat paper, especially in,,religion,am

uotsnrpir.cd, and I believe :you pei fect'y,; } Tlie article of.the, y’mgs, tliouqh that, news--paper has loiijr since taught the world that ifc is not to it. : the Ij isli .Catholics, must look for i/nth and justice, .; has outdone lit self in this. ; instance, for-'misrepresentation and deliberate i aikl-bhizeii-faced -slanderlas every one kiiows who has studied the true facts. d\\ y wise and I upright man who.wi 1 reflect on the.outrageous,, i trifling; unmeasured tone of the i/Vmes corres- ; poiident, and on the dignified, virtuous, sim-- • pie, earneit tone of :truth of Major O’Bei.lly, - shall liud no . difficulty ; to pronounce., which contains the truth. • But Major OJieilly is not : the only witness. According to the. authentic reports of their head general, and by all. the published accounts,-, and the spontaneous:testimony of their very ; enemies, not only: the Irish brigade has not disgiaced Ireland, or Britain, nor given any occasion :to tlifeir countrymen to reject them or be usliatued-of.them ; but.: on • the contrary, they . have, honoured themselves and- their .country: by an inviolable.fidelity' to the, .sacred cause i which they;had* •embraced,,*; and by ,dhe: indomitable, courage with -which they have defended it to the last. against th<? most. .fearful, odds, .besides, their general- good conduct and. profound, piety, .universally, .acknowledged. They were generally,. Aye ■■'ojiv.u it, men without, pretensions, > simple, obscure, neither eminent in rank,; or fortune, and that isdikely the reus>'ii \vhy tlu Times thought it could shower.insult,' slander j and -contempt on - Uiemu with. impunity ; -bqt, .

sir, deeds, .of courageous deyptedness and earnest faith dre ifipnorable 5 , in the poor as xiiticb as in ; tlie'rich, and virtue is the only true nihility. 2’l/e* accusation of cowardice is the very last j which the‘ Trnes ought to have brought against that; haudful of true young heroes, ‘many of whom have actually sacrificed ‘ their lives in defence of the rights of the Sovereign Pontiff, whilst the survivors have been publicly and niaby times admired and praised as the bravest of the brave by /iaraonciere and his little army, composed of the chivalry of all the nations, many of them of noble birth and of the highest character, witnesses every day during the campaign of the real worth of each other. Such an accusation will ' disgrace, no one, except the Times newspaper itself, until it has succeeded in affecting such a character as Lainoriciere; but this, sir, is too hard a file even for the v teeth of the 'Times, and so its malignant expressions leave quite unscathed i he character of the lnsh Brigade, 1 whose men he'delighted to call, at every opportunity, his brape Iriih. And a proof that, lie has appreciated the Irish soldier’s in Italy, : known their worth, and conceived some affection and esteem far them and their people at home, he bis accepted an invitation to a public dinner, in Ireland; you may in safety believe, toge* gether with the french marshals, that Lamoriciere will never associate with ct wards or scoundrels On their return home, Ireland, a good judge in glorious characteis and noble deeds; has welcomed* them, though defeated and unfortunate, as men who were not outcasts, but her true and noble sons, worthy of all her esteem and tenderness; and, be sure, sir, that this is , better than the * Times . At ‘ ln§t, the Pope; itfnom they served, has publicly and even solemnly expressed his satisfaction With fiieiri^ervices; he has praised them, ;he lias rewardedan good number of tliym with medals; when the employer is satisfied, what light have strangers to blame and fi.nd fault ? I am sorry to be obliged to give the lie to the correspondent of the Tiijies about the Spoleto defence. But, besides that only the tone ori!fajoffO’Reilly,- : as ’I have said, will eon*, yince any honest man at on.ca that he speaks the truth,- such are the facts The 500 or 600 men of the Pontifical garrison, with scarcely any means of defence except their unconquerable bravery, shut up in the vvorst of places; still defended it, if my lpemory serve me right, during twelve or fifteen hours, against an army of 15,000. or fIO,OOO men, provided with all the means of attack, killed or wounded 500 of thent, and, though from compassion and admiration stpmffioned to surrender, scorned to do it until they had sent off their last cartridge, and. after S fearful struggle, and % severe loss. Those are precise facts, which, the T imes Correspondent’s general - and ; vague assertions do not contradict, and much less still weaken. Facts, sir, are stubborn things ; in their bare simplicity Of existence they are perfect proofs against any amount of wit and talent. yfs for the he adless, tailless, shapeless article of the Saturday Revieifj, without stirring too much that heap of rubbish for fear of its filth anff stench, it seems that the principal sentiment which pervades it throughout,-which indeed constitutes the whole of its substance, is, $s far as I can vent ire, my nose prudently, a greedy wish to see soon the downfall of the Papal dominion, and a doggish gloating over the ardently desired, firmly liQped, and certainly anticipated event, with various wild Schemes and conjectures consequent thereon. Now, sir, this deserves only one word of answer, and that word i&~disappointment. Dis• appointment will bje the certain lot of that man. Others before him, at different times, have conceived the same hope, formed the same wish ; b.otb wish and hope have always been answered by the same word-— disappoint ijnent. :

Having ROW# I think, done full justice to the subject, I wifi say no more thereupon, fior notice any reply. I appeal confidently myself, and refer you to the future events. I remain, with a Ghristian regard, sir, yours truly, John Sr. Pez ant, Resident Catholic Clergyman.

P.S.r»-Since this letter was writjten, / have heard, to my great suprise and utmost regret, that some of the Scotch people have felt offended by my allusion to their, if this has taken place notwithstanding', the gentleness and civility of my expressions, then the Irish were not so very wrong in complaining of an article of the Chronicle full of sarcasm on the same trifle, I protest, that I jised the most” courteous terms 'that, I could find, and that I had not the'slightest intention to give offence, nor the least, idea that I might by such quiet and simple.a.remark- Npt qnly I have no ill-will against, thq Scotch people;. 1 ; but, besides there ever existed an,.aucj.ent mutual sympathy between the Scotch ami the Trench, here in thq. copntry about some of ’them belong to my flock pothers are connected 'by alliance with persons, of my flock ; with others I have spent very happy hours; and from several others,l, liaye received frequent kindnesses and front,. some -yery import jj,ut services. I like: to, have this opportunity of proclaiming it, aiid. of proclaiming also.,that I . did never forget, this,., nor ever will,, nor ever bhall. 1 beg alsp. the people to consider, that even my was, up provocation, but only the answer to,an article of the Chronicle which rather apupyed, us, and which I liked to answer, though, w,ithbqj; attaching thereto m.pre impoitance rthan, tfye • letter was worth, e'xcepi so far as it gave.me an, oppprtmiity of express: ing my views on, tjjp present, Italian affairs. And, though I well foresaw, that my observations might produpe some passing little, irritation (a storm in a, glass, of water), still 1 calculated, and / think justly, ihat in the |png run they would contribute to set t)n

general harmony in the place upon a surer'and stronger basis, by removing the causes of illfeeling, and procuring mutual respect and regard. Moreover, the Italian question is . the great question'of the day, and involves the mightiest interests, both material and spiritual? of a large portion of mankind ; and, perceiving that the public opinion here is astray on that important topic, and that truth is always beneficial and ft priceless boon well worth procuring to one’s fellow-creatures, I resolved to endeavour to enlighten the public mind. Such an endeavour is quite worthy of a clergyman, to whose elders it was said, “ Ye are the light of the world nor is that light to be kept under the bushel, but placed upon the candle-, stick; besides that, a clergyman, merely because he is such, must not be condemned only foeat, drink, and suore, nor be debarred from the right of exercising his nobler and higher powers,, and studying, if he choose, questions if science, eyeh r political science, especially when intimately connected with religious or social questions, nor.be deprived of communicating to his fellow-men* hi a good spirit, the fruit of his studies and reflections, if he judge hem conducive to the public welfare. In the uresent case, without presumption, f nmy be allowed to s,ay that I know the continent and fhe continentals better than the people about here (I daily see it), and I am able to appreciate better both the men and the events; and, omaccount of the subject affecting the Sovereign Pontiff; I may well say that, because of my religion and profession, jf have expended more thought on it than any ma n in the. place, and examined it too from a better point of view. I have spoken maiuly to the cairn, the wise, and reflective portion of our community, mt to the: frivolous, or the hot-headed. So, instead of transgressing against charity. I ani sure that I a.ni practising it in its most excellent acts. Nor do I think / have wounded it either in the form or the tdne. I biive expressed my convictions firmly aw! strongly, as one always does who knows what he says, but I deny that 1 have dope it bitterly. If, after this explanation,, th® people read again my i letters, reading them now with other eyes they i shall find them written in a different tone and spirit. I never heard before that a flat style was a literary merit, or a vigorous style a defect ; nor that, in order to. demolish the. structure of one’s opponent’s arguments, one must wear silk gloves, and act so softly as if he feared to graye it, n'or that; a writer who discusses an important subject, and is full of it, is expected to carry on that discussion with the calm of a man who writes a formal letter of compliments to a stranger. Still, if any one of my fellow-settlers has been offended by any of my reflexions# I pimply and unreservedly apologize for it, though I don’t think there’s any need of apology. I hope, then, that in future my readers will take my‘ contributions iu the satp,e good spirit in which I will submit them, to their perusal; and I feel so, sure of that good spirit, that 1 take the liberty to promise one QF twq, more articles on the Italian question. The people have known me these several years; a man, especially one of my age a,nil profession, who never before showed any., want of charity, ought not, without certain and. evident .proofs of the contrary, be presumed guilty of ( upcharitableness, or of bad intention, Wq. don’t change out* skin so easily. lam the same now as I ev.er was. Jf. St. P.

[We can afford no further spaqe for the discussion of the Irish Brigade’s heroism. Our readers may choose, for themselves between the statement of the. Rev,. M. Pezant, 12,000 miles from the sqene of action, and; that of the Times,. correspondent wjto was on the "spot a few days after the. occurrence, and gained his information from.eye-witnesses.— ~Edi\:

March 22, 1861.

Sip ? —- ff'anganui is flowed to be the ready market for the native?, —friends and rebels. They can buy and sell almost anything. Indivjduals baye been, and are being appointed to recognise any stock offered for sale having been plundered from Taranaki settlers ; but such, not being omnipresent, require assistance, and the constables, under 'the magistracy, ought,' to have this duty imposed on them, as their time and interest are engaged for the public weal. I leave it therefore for the. consideration of our magisterial authorities, the.propriety of issuing some such notice as the following,-—“ Faithful men l-you must not be observed lounging ahout public houses, npr mpst yoq tjpple . oc gamble in the same. But you must perambulate all streets and squares iu which are stores or shops frequented by* natives, and narrowly watch their purchases —jf of lead or powder.. to seize the same, lodging information; and if a questionable animal be offered for sale, to detain the same till examined by the inspector, and by no means to hurry the natine out of town'lest he he seized ” The necessity of this order is obvious, lead being the great desideratum With the rebels ; their wounded and dying may require bread and blankets, but not lead. The party who can take £2 for a paltry piece Of lead 8 iu. by 2\ in. from a native, to be used against liis kith and kin, deserves to be severely punished. Observer. s Marph 20th, 1861. I Sir,— l *wp§.v,ery m,uph surprised on reading your issue of the 28th ulf., to spe. some.remarks of jours having reference, to jtne rFaugahu bridge,’ which niide- it my duty to refute.;/ should have io sooner ha,d I not been Waiting for’the de r vision of stbe Provincial Engiueerun the; mat; er. You say that you,have been informed ,>y a gentleman who had ridden up the coast that he had seen some of the piles lying on he beach,, and that they, appeared to, have

been driven ]oijly three feet instead, of six feet according ig this Shews;at once that your infoFtttfliiit"knew nothing .whatever about the contract depth, the drive of the. piles varying from 8 feet to 15 feet. Mr. Hogg informs i«e that tlie bpd of the river has washed about 3 feet deeper since the bridge was built, so that had the piles been driven only three feet _aS_your informant says, as a matter of course, they would only have rested on the present bottom. / am happy to state that the Provincial hjugineer has measured the piles on the beach. and has expressed himself as perfectly satisfied that they had ,been driven the required depth. , .< / am, Sir, Your obedient Servant, JQIIN IiUtiDJSLL.

[\Ve are glad; to learn that our. informant was mistaken;. From his . not having been in Wiingahui siii'ce;bfrr'‘reoeivinig this letter we have been unable to coramunioate with him ; but if, shortly after the construction of the bridge, the water‘ underneath beoame three feet deeper at any place from-which piles haye J?eep carried away,: it is easy to see how the mistake may have arisen. /Fe did not know who the contractors were, but thought i: our duty to. call attention in such a case to the laxness which seemed to have permitted such a deviation from the contract. fJince receipt of Mr. Liddell’s letter the Provincial Engineer has informed us that lie saw on. the beach some piles that had been broken off in : two. pieces, ao ‘firmly had they been driven into the bed of the river.—]

Wanganui, March 20, 1861

Sip„ —-In my letter to you of the 7th inst., [ coiqinented upon the interesting botanical specimens which abound in and around this district- ?r ahd elfitHierated certain localities wherein they had come , under my immediate personal observation. Refering to the grounds of, Mataongaonga, where some of my researches Were conducted, I have since been informed that, that part of the Estate in which the great profusion of plants existed lias been under lease from the proprietor to another party to, whom alone the merit of their presence is due. ■ The : principal object I had in attention to the existence and profuse growth of these plants in the settlement, was to call public attention towards their extermination aud not with any attempt to individualize, aa other localities I have since discovered ale able to boast of a similar luxuriance. V,

I am. Sir, &c., . YIAToR

; THE MANUFACTURE OF TEETH IN PHILA. delphia. —A very interesting braneh of Philadelphia manufactures is the making of incorruptible teeth. Originally, natural or human teeth, and those cut from ivory or front the teeth of the hippopotamus, were used. Fifty years ago there was not a porcelain tooth made in this country; 20 years ago not more than 250,000 were manufactured annually in the United States, and but a trifling number in Europe. Siucd: this the demand has been steadily increasing, owing chiefly to the great improvements 'made in their manufacture, and their more perfect applicability to. the purpose designed,, combining beauty and utility to such a degree as to leave - almost nothing more to be wished for. Now at least three millions of teeth are annually made in this country alone. The first operation is the, choosing of the materials. These are silica and clay, all of : which. arq ld' ; gF ea t u ; bund aTl ce in various parts of the United States. To these are added Various metallic oxides to produce any- -shade or colour desired. The felspar, cljiy, &c„ are ground to an impalpable powfor under water, dried and made intO-.a,past<e v That composing the body of the tooth is of different materials, to that composing the base or enamel. The teeth are mad.e in brass moulds, and this is quite tv delicate process; - The enamel is put in place w’ith a sraalb steel spatula,;.the platinum rivets by which the teeth are fastened to the plate, are placed in. position,, and then tlie body is pressed into the; mould. They are. then submitted to a powerful pressure anil dried. After being dried, they are submitted to a process called biscuitiiig, in which state they can be cut like chalk. They are then sent to the trimmers who scrapeoffall projections, and fill up all depressions which may have been left in the operation of moulding, and then -wash- them • xvitlr’iybat is teSfiiiiically' * termed enamel. 2’his is. eomposed of various sub stances, more fusible than the tooth itself, and answers to tlie glaze, in common porcelain making. It is ground to a fine powder, and suspended in w ater, and is laid on with a camel’s hair brush. They are now sent to the gummers, who apply the gum. This is chiefly composed of oxide of gold,, and is applied in the same' manner as the enamel, being dried, they are burned. This operation is cat tried on in a muffle.. The teeth are placed bn a bed of crushed quartz, which is placed- on,a slab of- refractory clay. After being exposed to. aa intense heat for some hours, they are takea out, cooked, and assorted for sale. isach tooth is subjected toten different processes. ; A large amount of capital is invested in this trade. One house alone pays 2400 dollars in .one njonth for the single item; of platibqm'. : : Tim'piatihunFrivets ifre cuV by! a. small machine especially, adapted'do the purpose;.'. Another heavy item 'is,.‘that, of wages, about-10Q .operatives, its. expenses in ,this department average about.7oo dollars.per week. A large proportion of the work iq done by The same house can.tupa.put 150, 000, finished teeth,per month, or abput 7Q.QO

per day, and the- value of its yearly production does not fall far. short of 350,000 dols. (73,000/)— -Philadelphia /ledger. Transatlantic Air Ships.— The preparations are nearly completed in New York for the departure for Europe of Professor Lowe and his associates in their aerial ship A trial trip has already been made with a successful result. This trial proves the possibility of directing the course of this ship through the air; and as the general direction of the air is eastward at a certain distance from the earth, the probability of' Professor Lowe’s reaching Europe is very strong Should this European voyage be successfully accomplished in the short space of 48 hours, as the professor anticipates, it will make a complete revolution in the manner of conveying intelligence between the two continents, as advantage can he, taken of the eastward currenf, in the return" voyage by passing round the world. The name of this novel ship is the Great Western. 'lts extreme length; or height is 300 feet; its larger diameter, 135 ft.

tlie basket in which the, mail and passengers are to he conveyed is 30 ft. diameter, and constructed to carry 12 persons. , TTuder this basket is an iron life boat, 40 ft.; long, which contains a caloric engine, which is designed to give the direction to the ship b,y moving a fan, rather than to propel the ship itself, Professor Lowe states that he will take letters for, all parts of Europe, and promises to deliver them safely within two days. The proposed crew of the Great JFestern is Professor Zowe, two scientific associates, and an experienced sea captain to command the boat, in case it might be necessary to change the aerial for water navigation.— -Engineer.

6? RAVY-OLOGY, A FEMININE SCIENCE,— Our friend “.The Professor,” who was recently a member of a committee to examine the young ladies of a female seminary as. to thfeir scholarship, got into rather an,embarrassing condition. As UisJ fellow committee men were examining tlie. young ladies iii astronomj% algebra, geometry, conchology, ichthyology, entomology, pnemnatology, ; geology, physiology, and other like ologies of fashionable education, the “• Trofessor” suddenly broke silence for the first time, by propounding to the pupils generailyUhe startling inquiry, , “ Wh r at is grayy ?” ' The. entire institution —-faculty and all—-were aghast—. Of course the questiou was too deep for the intelligence of the pupils, and their indignation too deep for . utterance. Gravy 'was a branch of science and a product of art which they had never mastered. Gravy smacked of the kitchen, arid suggested'useful knowledge and industry. To think that they should be suspected - of such a thing! Some burst into fears, and' the Lady Principal looked grave about gravy, but the “ Professor” was not to be daunted, and repeated the question. “ IV hat is gravy ?” No response being given, he himself gave a scientific answer to the question, followed by some practical suggestions; and wqurid up with* “ a few happy remarks appropriate to the occasion,” in which lie advocated the novel 'idea that it is more important for a woman to know how to cook a plain dish, gravy included, than to calculate aii eclipse. No girl' (says the Professor) who cannot practically and scientifically answer the question, “ IV hat is gravy ?” should have ihe degree of F. W. (“ fit for a wife”) conferred upon her.— Citizen.

To Correspondents.— We are informed from private sources that there is no reliance to he placed on the report that the Agatiruanuis and Taranakis have sent in. tenders to supply the ■ Copimissariat Department with beef and j mutton ; and, also, that the rumour that 'the General has accepted the services; of the Waikatos to finish the sap, is-equally',false. \Ve understand that the latter have tendered to carry it on for a shilling, a-day arid grogi and across the island, if necessary naki Punch. No Doubt About it t-tA late author on New Zealand, observes, respecting the halfcaste race, that “ the women are remarkably handsome, though in point of moral tone, they are inferior to either : of/ the races.” Dear me !; How can the aufchor expect tme when the Bell(e) is only half-castle),!,!.!— sr lbid.