FARM & GARDEN NOTES

Waikato Argus, Volume I, Issue 37, 3 October 1896, Page 2 (Supplement)

FARM & GARDEN NOTES

A WIUNKLi:. A writer in the i'asloralists' Roview mentions a simple remedy for bad-tempcred cows that bom their mates. It is simply to screw en a broad r, octagon nut on the tip of the horn. A new nut will cut its own thread, and is a permanent fixture at less than a penny cost.

Danish BnrrKß.—Out of 60'i analyses of butter fr.!in as many dairies iu Denmark, only five showed more than 10 per cent, of wat ;r, the maximum amount being IGol per cut., while more than 90 percent, of the total number of darics made butter with an amount of water between 12 and 13 per rent. 'The minimum amount of water was between 10 and 11 per cent.

To Takk aßmuleoffa Younc Horse. —lf tli2 bridle is taken off a young horse quietly, so that the bit comes out of his mouth easilv, it will not belong before he will asis't in taking it oil', but if he is hurt by the operation lie will throw Iris head to one side or jerk back every time tho bridle is removed. There should not be tho slightest hitch about, taking the bit from the mouth of a colt. Uy the proccsJ many a colt has been ruined.

A Sixei'.ssiTi, Factory.— The Tai Tapu (Canterbury) C..-operative Dairy Company, Limited, obtained lO.ld per lb for its output of butter during the past year returning Slid per lb net to the suppliers. The Company has also declared a dividend of 5 per cent, en its capital, divided another i'.iOO among suppliers, and carried .£SO to a reserve fund. Deductions have also been made from receipt i on account of new machinery purchased during the your.

How to Di-iionx.—A large cattle grower, who favours dehorning cattle at an eatly stage, writes to the Rural World that:—After using patented fluids .and caustic potash, I now use common concentrated lye, such as the women use for breaking water and making soap. \\ hen the calf is kss than ten days old is the right time. Simply wet the bump where you expect the horn and rid'on a- mush powdered lye as will equal three grains of coin. Do not wet elsewhere, Let the calf alone thereafter. The scabs will come oil', and the hair grow out as nicely as on a natural poll.

How Can This Be ?—According to North Island newspaper repents the promoters of the Riverdale Factory have been selling their butter for lid arid paying suppliers id per gallon for their milk. The general experience of dairy factories is that it takes at least 3J gallon, of milk to make one pound of butter, that would mean lOd for the milk necessary to make lib of butter, leaving Id to pay all expenses of manufacture, interest, ifcc. It is to be regretted that such statements should find their way into print, as they tend to make suppliers discontented when they are receiving less.

WATrni'iiooK Caut CovKKistiS:— Tho sheets used for covering railway and other waggons are rendered waterproof by coating them with u composition of 95gal. of linseed oil, 81b. of litharge, and 7lb. of umber, boiled together for tM hours, The mixture may be coloured by tho addition of 81b. of vegetable black.— To repair oilskins : If they are painted give them another coat of the original liquids. 'J lie best is made by dissolving loz. of beeswax iu one pint of the best linseed oil over a gentle lire, applying it, when cold, with a piece of rag, rubbing it well in. afterwards hanging it up to dry. which will take about two days. If they are painted, the best plan is to give them another good coat of good black paint.

Tin: Indian Himsi; Tkaoi-:.—Speaking to an ollicer of the steamer Fultula (now lying ot Port Chalmers) he imfenned us (Taitri Advocate) that go.nl hackney- always find a. ready sale in India, but rlrauiiht hones are' seldom inquired tolas the climate does not suit, them. Large purchases from every shipment of horses are made by the Defence Department for eivalry purposes, as much as LOO and JL'TO beiii"; iriven for good hacks. Austra-lian-bred horses are preferred to these from New Zealand, as they appear to stand the climate beeltr. The freight amounts to about I'S per bead, so that the freight on the shipment of .10 horses which the Fultula takes from New Zealand and New South Whiles will amount to £4OO. Many of the rajahs have splendid thoroughbreds, and the Maharajah ef Mysore, a thorough sport, has a splendid .table of racers.

Tin: CoMisi: Wur.AT llakveht.—Onr reports from South Australia and Victoria stron.s'ly favour the view thai wheat will be in short supply from Australian sources this year. 'I he chief wheat .arcs of this colony are likely to return heavy crops. The Murk Lane ISxpicss of August 10 says:—" Our readers will know that the st-jeks of wheat and Hour in this countrv were never so low as at, present, also the quantity of foreign wheat afloat is 1.5.j0.000 quarters less than last year::l this time, while the reduced stocks in the different ports of the United Kingdom are no less than SOO,OOO quarters, added to which the wheat and Hour hold by millets and bakers are considered to be enormously less than usual.'" Mr John 13 Whitworth of Victoria Mills Wellingborough, says on the same date : —'' The statistical position of tho wheat trade was, therefore never stronger, and J cannot see any reason why tho" markets should continue to be depressed and values so low as they are now."

ACIKICUr.TUIt.U. EuVCiTIOX IN IIu.SSIA. The first practical school of agriculture was founded i;: Kus-da at the close of the last century, and since ISO."! the Russian Government have paid particular attention to disscininating the science of farming, .md establishing agricultural colleges and schools in different parts of the empire. From the observations made by the Czar on receiving the iir.-t annual report of his Minister of Agriculture, it would seen that the agricultural industry iu Russia is most c.relully considered by the Government ; for wo learn that the Czi'.r is of opinion that seventy-two primary agricultural schools and colleges and seven secondary school* arc insuflieicnt, and that dairy schools must he established. Jn connection with these colleges or schools there are home twenty large farms, which serve not only for the improvement of students by practical demonstration, but also tor the developemeut of agriculture in Russia. Kitch farm receives from the Itussian Government at the time of its establishment a small endowment, which serves as a lloaling capital tending to its support, ami in return they not only assist the students in practical agriculture in its separate branches and method;-, but are required to help private landowners as far as possible to improve their estates by supplying them with good seed, with good breeds of stock, and with improved farming implements.

l'.\k:.iKits rami Maxitoija, Caxah.v.— There has recently aimed in Christchurch, a man who has being fanning in Manitob.'i for the last fourteen years, having gnne there with a few others info a territory in ndv.ir.ee of the railways, which have since followed up the settlement of the country. The climate, as

described bv Mr Urown. is nnvihing but agreeable. " The land is good and yields heavy crops of wheat; c ttlo thrivo fairly well." The grain growing, hon-ever. i- the chief industry, ther,.' is a good livin •: to he made while a man is sh-ong and young. J! is no country for a man after he roaches middle life, according t >

Mr Itrev.nV narrative; it is in>t the country to ;-o to to enjoy life. With a view to betteringhi> condition an I for I he climate, Mr Brown eume to New Zealand.

anil hopes to t ike up a section of land on advantageous terms. Ho assures us Unit thcra are a number of other farmers, from ■•> loca'ii.) ui >:■ hv i ■ e ro-.e.rk-s e.ho i in; iiwiiit a favouubic report as m the facilities in- y. S.tiny laud, when they will join tin ir irie-n l.s in this '• dony. These arc the kind of men nho should receive everv oossible inducement t) se-Ple m tlits"colony ; men innured to hardships, accustomed to hard work, and who have contracted strong habits of frugality. .Vn influx of such cjl'Mii.-is would bo a bom to the colony, lis they would bring v.-:! a them a little capital, and lie.: requisite knowledge of their business, to enable them to avoid the mistakes into which beginners so readily fail.— Pit-;-.

Oats and Bai:licy (Jiiowinci in Canti.i:nvnv.—Oafs will be larg ly sown on laud which was originally intended for wheat, but will have to be worked too late for the latter crop, Parley will also lie sparingly sewn in land suitable for its growth. The cultivation of this crop is not very well understood in this colony, conscqucnty the quality is no; always so good as it might, be wii.li proper m .nage iiieiit. Farmers in "Wiltshire and other famous barley-growing distticts in England like to have a very linn bed under the lop soil, with a covering ofliin or Tin of light, well-worked tilth with which to cover it. Kxperieneo 1 men say that this treatment produces the best results, and they u e a very light plain roller to finish oh','and Lave the'land very tine : but in Canterbury we may not do 100 much in this direction on aceout of the nor'-west winds, which, coming in early spring, would often blow away the 100.-e soil. They like it to get thoroughly ripe—nearly all the heads turned down, and not infrequently the beards coining off—before they cut'it. Much stress is also laid on the" heavy autumn dews ripening and maturing the grain after cutting. It is gcuerally cartel only in the heat of the day.

Gloomy Hakvicst I'nnsrErrs in couth Austiialia.—The harvest outlook in Smith Australia is the gloomiest known for many years. Speaking of the condition the Chronicle says :—'• Vainly hoping almost against hope our northern agriculturists and staliouholdi rs are now we'd nigh reduced to absolute blank despair, and though the crops iu some other parts of the colox.y promise fairy well there is no denying thai our northern granaries will produce Utile or no grain this sers in, and the pastoral interests must, suiter as they hive rarely done during the past. On the Western "slopes of the Flinders liange and in the Port Augusta district, things are a little better, and, although the fooil is not plentiful, there is enough to hold out for a little longer in the hope of rain. Tho reports from the districts in an! around Hawker, as also farther norih, are very bad indeed. It is also thought that many farmers will be ruined from ihe kiss of their cattle, which are dying for want of food and water. The only thing that can be turned to account is their hides. Even if rain should come at once it will be too late to save a huge part of the stock. The best looking crops in the country are about tho districts surrounding the Gladstone but even here they are not very near the mark, and it is feared that all want a further supply of rain to keep them going and to make anything yield. It is undoubted that we shall have to look to the lower north for the major p.irt of our northern yield for the coming bur-

W'l.sT AV.STUAI.IA AS A AIAKXI.T lot: Nv;v," Zkalanij Pjioni'CK.— A few years ago the enterprise of Olago merchants in securing business in new fields could always he counted upon.- What a market is being neglected in Western Australia is thus referred to by Mr .John Corniaeh in a letter from hint to the Tuapoka Times :- ■" What 1 wish to call your attention specially to is that yon farmers should bestir yourselve-s to scene your fair share of the great golden harvest now being gathered, and from which you seem inmost entirely shutout. Almost a'l the oats you send to Melbourne come to Western Australia, but the heavy freights and the transhipment charges give you very unfair returns, 1 understand the Cliion Steam Ship Company bought oil' the opposition by lluddart, Parker, and Co. by agreeing to confine their trips to eastern peats; but the farmers should endeavour to get this altered, and have direct trade with the colony. 'lhe goods sent by Xew Zealand have the lirst bid on the goldficlds : but there is far too little of them. Wc could easily take all the wheat, oats, barley, oatmeal, butter, cheese, bacon, ham, preserved meats, and pio-ervcd vegetables Ottigo could send us. And, mind you, wc have .scarcely started yet. We get good butter from Taranki, and preserves horn Irvine and Stevenson, of Dunedin ; but business in the latter is, for some reason, not pai lied on the field. ton have plenty of good business men. who. if they were here, with fair prospects of steady, dileet supplies, could cli-pose of tinwhole of your produce very much to advantage.''

Daitvyini; jn Soitklanh, Tuunjiw as Pi:i:d i >nt Daiky t'ows. —The trouble of Southland dairy-farmers, writes cur correspondent, is the long winter, and consequently poor state of the grass land-. 'Turnip feeding lias of course been the stand-by, but complaint has been made, and not without cause, that the turnips gave an unpleasant flavour to the butter, and Mr MoKwau, the dairy expelt, in one of hi.- addie*ses to dairyfarmers, strongly advised them to stop the turnip feeding and to grow u ungohls. 'J he Southland farmers wouldn't full in V ith the idea, and now w e learn that th ; iliibeiii-.;. in this dr- eeion has been .velcome, as it appears that the use of the separator has the effect of removing the obj etionable flavour. To li ake the change more complete, some farmers slice up potatoes ami mix them with the turnips when '.riven to the cows, and the potatoes neuiru'iso the objectionable liavour of the tin nip, and this along with the separators for goo.l sized dairy farms are coming into general use. This in a change for the better, because it will beall encouragement to individual effort, and relieve the country from factory combinations. Factories like to .-ell the whole output to one buyer, or to export in one lot, and thus many localities are left I" eat up the rubbish. That ihe dairy tanner will be bemTilcd by being ablo'to sell direct to the retailer there can be no doubt, ami under the improved system he may rely on a belter price all the year loiinil, for now the consumer will willingly take separator butter, so the benefits uid be mutual.—Press

Tnk Yictokian (Jjsoi's : An Jnsatisi\u'T01:y Outlook.—The condition of ilu; crops ii» llio wheat growing aioas is -'.ill e-Nlretm.lv critical, and is causing grave apprehensions regarding I ho results of l ho furthcoming hanut. rail;: ■-.! n ]\ in the. north-western portion of the joluny. Tlieru has been enough rain in mi,.-! places to nioi.steii the top soil anil it»-< j> the crop.- nice and •.■;. ell, but the pnm ill duiii.g the uini.r i.. ■• nut been sati.-f.ic-ioiy, anil instead of being'J or .') feet, high the wheal in many of the paddi drs dues not move than mvii 1 the ground. Indications s em to point tjthe s.immcr season selling in early, and if so it will play havoc with the hite eroi s, and will si rionsly int. if. re v, ith ilm" yields of the parly ones. To say, as ■•dine people do who are infenstcd in worliing the wheal market with a view of bunging down prices that the light rains experienced lately were suliieient to render the future of the ceroid crops assured is all nonsi use. L'nlcss cool weather prevails up to the middle of October, mid K ood rains aie meanwhile obtained, there is, to say the lonsl of it, :i grave probability of ilie luirvest l-'.»>-'.'7 being no better lhan thiil „f la-! ;■ axon. We have to lai u the fael I hut the stib.v.il has ii..! had a soaking fur two yesuv, and this point* to the

certainly of the crops going off quicker that they did his', year, unless sustained by a timely and copious fall of nin, ioi'owed by cool weather. In the coast districts the season has been a very favourable oia;, the crops being very promising and the grass growing luxuriantly. The prospcct-i of tho Dividing Range are most cueouraginsr, bul in the north and north-west Iced is sowj, the cattle in low condition, and the supplies of milk much below that of Vue corresponding pel-hid last year.

Oun Visitors From Mancukstkr.— Tii is is how our contemporary, the Queenslander, sums up Queensland's prospects as affected by these gentlemen:—The Manchester co-operative delegates have come and gone, and we have only to sit down and wait patiently for the results of thdt visit, not forgetting to be ready to take up promptly any orders they may send us on returning to England. It is probablo enough to bo almost certain, that business in some of our staple products will ensue from this visit of exploitation to Australia. The delegates are pleased with many of our products. They approve of the qualify, and it now remains for us to see whether we canno: present the goods at a price which will enable them to compete with foreign good, of the same class. For sentiment must not bo expected to rule in purely business transactions such as these. Th Co-operative Wholesale Company owes a duty to its shareholders, and that duty iiuiv be summed up iu n single phrase—buy the best quality in the cheapest market. So if we hope In s 11 butler, chcis.', leather, sugar, or any other produet to this new bnyir the quality and the price must acc-rd with the ideas of ihe purchaser, not with our own. Concerning the former, Messrs Jones, Stoker, and Cl'iiy have left us little iu doubt. With tho latter wo are at present r.roping in the daik, and only experiment on a comnieicial scale cm settle the doubt. It is fair to assume, however, that before \-i.vy long butter, cheese, leather, and some other Queensland products will be on their way acrosi the water to have their fate decided."

Tiii; Son, of Tin: Fak.m.— In no other respect litis agricultural science made such notable advance in recent, years as in ielation to soil fertility. This fact is Lrought into focus by Professor Scotch) his preface to the fifth edition of " The Soil of the Farm,'' one of Morton's series of " Handbooks of the Kami," published by Vinton and Co. Aboul fifteen years aero, when the first edition was written, Professor Scott points out. •'The soil was looked upon as a tmrj mass of dead matter—a chemical and mechanical mixture, iit which the chemical changes were rcgaidedus all-import.tut."' Since then. huwover, "biological discoveries have revealed the fact that every inch of fertile soil is crowded with millions of li\ely germs, working most miraculously and most eil'eetiv'ely in the cause of soil fertility ; and several other soil phenomena, all of which point to the provision of a plenteous and peiv-nnial spring of fertility within the soil itself, were not oven dreamt of ten or fifteen years ago." Professor Scott emphasises this advance of knowledge in explaining that he has had to re-write many chapters in the book which he and the Into Mr .J. (.'. Motion brought out about fifteen year.-. asro. I!nt there is a little exaggeration in tho words '■plenteous and ptrenuial spring of fertility." as the discoveries referred to relate almost exclusively to one element of fertility, although the m ..-I important and other necessaries of plant life must be supplied in an ordinary cour.-e of cropping, if the condition of the soil is to be kept up. 'this the writer shows clearly enough in the text of his instructive handbook.

Still, iNixTI.ATtON. ■ -Dr. VoeickeT, ill his article entitled " Nitragin," in the last number of the Royal Agricultural Society's Journal, states how Dr. Nobbe, of Tharand, Saxony, has produced a preparation to which he has given thi-: name, and which he hap obtained by making '.'pure cultivations'' of the oiganbms louud in the nodules on tieroots of leguminous plants, in the same way as disease-germs are cultivated for inoculating purposes. In other words, he locs bred separately large " colonies " of these nitrogen-accumulating organisms found in connection with 17 different leguminous plants. Jn preparing his cultivations for market, use, Dr. Nobbe transfers portions of theni to bottles containing a small quantity of agar gelatine, upon which the organi-nn grow and multiply. After the battles have been scale.i they are kept ll'oni the light. The hotth-s containing different varieties of organisms bear labels of distinct colours, and the name of the kind of crop for which each should l.e used. The contents of each bottle will suffice for half an acre of hind, and the pi ice is about '_'s (id. Then- are two way-, of usint; this " nitragin." It may i e diluted Willi a small quantity if water, the mixture being spiinkled over the seed oi the crop to he grown, or a somewhat larger quantity of water may be used—enough to moisten about ."iiilf. of earth. Culler the latter plan, v. huh is considered the better one, the earth is allowed to dry iu the air, aid more carlh is mixed with it, .after which the while i< sewn over the land on which the crop is to be grown, and buried ly cultivation to a depth of Uin. just before the seed is dulled. This is the first season iu which field tests with " nitragin " have been made, and they are still in progre.-s. Some arc being carried out l.y Dr'.' Yoelekci- for ihe Koyill Agricultural Society, at Woburn, and others by a few members of the council of the soeietv.

Sunday W'oi-.kino Uukamhkiks.—Apart from all i-Uietly moral qm stions. wo think ilit i l '..' should Ik: nu tannine; ui' ereameriis on the lilt 1 , day of 1 In; work, or on 1110 s-evcnlh day of ih'i week whore i: is located in .'; community tluit observes the Seventh tl'iy as Sabbath, 'i'ho butlerluuktr ilt.sei ves a day of rest, The human system is so constructed lhat to do its best work il tnut-t rc.-l one day in seven. Tile Sunday, or Sabbath, ipnstion is not so niueli "a moral cpicstioli as a physioil .juestiou Tbcro i- a Sabbath in naluro. Kvon tl'u horse that work* seven days in llio week will not do as miieh welkin I lio.-e sevi n nays as lie will lo work six days and rust one .11 is the same way only to a «n.ator extent in man. 'J'he butter-maker, Iherol'oie, and the hand.-, employed üboul a. ercauiery need thai one day's vest in ordei to do their lies! work. Some captious fellow has rai-ed the .juestiou Iliac il' it is right to milk eow.s on Sabbath, why i.-- il take rare of the miik \' The milking of a eow isuwoik of mccssity and the milk can lie taken e ire of till next day with very little labor uinl HMlu or no loss without taking it to the creamery. 'J la; family needs more or lest bult.i r and l'ho Sunday milk can he used for thai purpose. An eariv trip to the ereamery .Monday wid :■;■ i', he be;l of it, there in fiood skap ■, an 1 the 10.-s uiuli r any eireiim.-l »ih-i ■ will bo vetv sli-hl il' there" is any a. ail. Ihe cream'hauic!: is cmi!led to Ids res! on

tilt: Lottos ft i- u rest. Wo Imvo yo! to loarn of any cioamory that I'lvtod mi lh>: Sabbath according to uoiuinaiuliui'iit that did in,: do us \vt:li or hollos Ui.iu tho-e

running seven days iu the ivrolf, anil \vc in. vi r knew ouu that rested mi the Sabbatii tin 1 diil not have it better moral lone lotli in management and among

tlio patrons tliat tin sj lliat ran every day. Tlico is no (knurtuu-iii of rural industry Unit needs a higher moral tone than docs tlio ireatnery business and everything thai i- nils to build un elmraotcr, wliioli l!io Sabbath dn<_>* riru-oininoiillv, is to lr encouraged l,\ tho-e tnjjiiged in the i-ltamtiy businr.-s.' - ( 'i earner/ Lia/.cUo.

Tlio laroeid Ki upp yum have .1 range* oi 17 inilosj caul liio two "-lioU a lniiiulo, |

FEEDING DAIBY CATTLE. The following summary of a paper by Joseph Made;.id. President of the California!) Dairy Association, and read al tho January ineeuig, is taken from Ihe I'aeiiie Rural Pes : DA MY I'Ultl'OSK. The great principle of dairying for butter is this: e'er 'very ton of food used, produce the largest amount of butter at tin; least cost, 'The nearer a dairyman attains to this idea, the eivufer lin;»::eial uieoes lie will achieve. This statement is as old as the hills, and yet hut few seem to appreciate the importance of it. IMI'MRATIVK NEK I) OI- COOl) COWS. There arc a great many makes of .steam engines, pumps, bicye'es, &e., and there are also a great many make; oi cows, This is a most important point Unit a vast proportion of dahymen of litis State ovs fhi'-k. They get the idea that " a cowis a cow," whereas there are thousands of cows which dri not piy for their keep, to say nothing of the labour rcquhed to attend them. Tli3 individual of differen'i breeds vary, of course, but blood will tell in a very tnaiked degie: when the returns for butler come in. Anyone, by a system of c reful selection—that is, b'rcedirg only first class bulls, and eon:t intly selecting the be.it calves from the be-t cows- -can, in the. course years, l)ti Id up a It T-i of splendid producers from n very scrubby commencement ; but it lak -s a long time t:> do so, and a still longer one to make the type of largo producer.! a permit eat one. This build-ing-up pioi'css was pone through with years'ago in foun ling all the gtcat breeds if line (little that wc have at the present day. it is evidi nt, then, that it will pay every dairyman to work into srnue first class breed as seen as he possibly can, as the worst, part of the selecting process has already been done. This is soon accomplished by baying fine' bullsbulls whose parents and giuudpurents have a splendid record. Pay a big price, if necessary, but buy them at all costs, and then raise only the best calves from tin; best cows. But first find out your be--t co-.vs ; and right here conies in another important point, viz., the best eow is not necessarily the cue which gives the most milk or makes the most butter, but the cow that makes the most butter from every pound of food that she cats. A cow 'that will make a pound of butter a day on say twenty-live pounds of food will certainly pay better than another cow that will in die a pound and a half on fifty pounds of food, other things being equal. TMi'. (JI-KSTION or IIIIKKIiS,

The dairyman imisl make up in hi. own mind on what breed ho will start, according to the condition on which lie dairies. -My own experience has proved conclusively to my satisfaction that tin: ilcrsuv is the dairyman's best friend, and the tests of the diU'erent breeds at the World's Fair, in which ill-: little Jerseys simply distanced all other breeds, not only in butter, hut in milk and ohoete and in cost of produolioa, simply clinched the proof, us it were, with sue. However, this is not a discussion of breeds. Suflieo it to say that no dairyman should have a hand of cows winch will will not, under the most disadvantageous cireiunslaiKCs, as regards l-ho quality of foud on his ranch, distance cows must crave!, steepness i f pa-Lures, tie., average at hot -oil pounds of butter per year each. This H a low figure, hut it is extremely doubtful if one dairyman in ten is reaching it now, while a iew years rgo in this section a! any rate, ml one in twenty made '2llO puundsper eo.v. !'i:;:i'!Ni;. Practical experience with iWl'ercnt foods ■ ■lrjuld teach a man how io feed his stock fail ly economically, but in a '.."cat many casts it d"cs, not stem to do so. for in-.lanco, I know uf one in in, who has been dairying for a number ol Vers, -.vim at one lime was feeding hay. wi h a slop of about tlrcc or lour pounds of oilcake and nothing cl-e, 0:1 top of it twice a day, because oil-cake Was cheap. \\ by t!;e cow.-, did not die m the start is a. cleat mystery. 'Ph. y did not die, bat the loan'said': "It did not pay to feed. 7 ' I !■'. rcUea: ". tl'ia '\lm les oat a F.-il \) well balanced ration, and yet experience - -mixed w ith a fair ptoporlioil of common sense-- ought to tell a mail that oil cuke alone i-entiioly too concentrated a food, even when fed with hay. What one feeds must depend largely upon the cost of the diil'erent foodstuffs, and this is a point where roioc careful work is needed to lit theory into practice This is the timu-ef year t > feed the heaviest, :o it takes more fot.il Io keep the animal in good condition during cold and wcl weatbei than i: does when tin tj is Us-? exposure, so we must figure on a litilo more for e ,-,.,'.-: inaiutenaiico or keep, over and above what she uses for niaiiui'.totui'ing her milk. I'iisf and foremost among the foodstuffs we may have bran, and it must compose the greati r pin of toe riiiou. f i.aye tried to replace it with otic r foodst nil's, but it is no use To 'io well a cow must have loan and plenty of it. Among the other ailicb-s at our command at present. " mixed feel" ami e. n-oii cake to': thd most; cc momical at ruling pries. The " mixed feed "i- a mixture of the 1 ran ami middling" turned out in the nnniifaeturj of pearl barley hominv. rolled oats, gcrmea, \.o. t and is an admirable food. Cows ilo belter on a variety of fools than on only one or two kinds, and this '-mixed feed " gives excellent results for that reason. M !:. MAILMAKb's ISATIUN*. The following is tho daily ration I n-c for cows thai average aboul 7-Jil to SOD pounds in weight, i havo increased .and lUercascd thal'iaiio'i ixpi rimentally ami found that the cow gave less buttir when the ration was decreased, but did nnl give enuugh butler extra to pay for any increase : (,'arlol'roh io. hydrabs. Lai. Oal Hay 10 lb. '7O 0 o 1 -I'.' Hraii ... 7 lb. -To -ceo - i V Mixed I'Ved 1 lb. lit) :!■:;.) -|o Uocoil-cake 1 lb. -Hi -.'l-! "OH Tutil., ... tiTlh. tMJu llM:! a;:; This rotation is I'.ilher high in protein ami fa! ; hut, as I said before, animali no d a litilo more nourisbiiienl, in winter, and, in my own ease, they pay belli r en this r.iiion i] 1:111 on a smaller one. They get, of c iio'.-c seine picking, as they are only in the liaru dining feeding timis ;' hut :l.e grass is so .-boil lb it their out.-iile feed amounts to very little. To iliiim; who i:i 11 no! g' I the '-mixed feed " above mentioned, I would suggest the substitution of sly equal parls of wheat-middlings and eorniucal. In the' table iriven above, the ligures for this "mixed d ed " may he income!, as 1 have no analysis id' it at hand, and have only tslimiib.'d tho liif.crciil purls from litv own it'te.l of its value relative to other beds. When tie- cow have comparatively level fields I" -laz < in, they would do as w.ll 0:1 a smaller ration, as tin v 11 s 11:1 a go ,d deal of food em i-i.v h, climbing hills. and this h is to he made up Io loop tin if outpui oi butter up to the mark. ii.vx-m.i xii i.Aiuv stoi ;:. W'll si yen hare- teh el ed your row , and fed them properly, he hi. d !" Slum. (lentleni ss pays—that is, linn gi nt!e-ne.-s —every .rliore. and i: pays cspi eialiy in a dairy, .''.a employee who ili-!reals a cow, kleLi i', lieais tl, yells at h. or in any way disturbs it, is simply taking money 0111 of your pocket, beside- teachin:; the cow ; j he "mean." Kindness will pay, and p:iys well. Die' \ well before you are thir I v. • Why sis- you so precise ia your slatemen: '.' .\ re y. ll afraid id' le lug aa usli illh :' asked a solicitor of ,1 w idle.- ; in ,1 police e.m 1. • .No, . b,' was the prompt reply.