THE DAIRY

Wairoa Bell, Volume V, Issue 222, 3 November 1893, Page 15 (Supplement)

THE DAIRY

WASHING THE “BABY.” Explicit directions For Cleansing the Hand Cream Separator. 1 have now owned and operated continuously an Alpha DeLaval No. 2, commonly known as "Baby No. 2.” for over 14 months, and when I say continuously I mean it in the fullest acceptation of the term, as never a day has elapsed during the entire period that it has not twice each day separated the milk of 20 cows, thus necessitating two washings each day As soon as the separating is over, 1 turn the separator bowl with the disks in a pile in a small tin pan of clear, warm (not hot) water. 1 have a stout, hempen cord about a yard long, pass it through the pile of disks, and they are strung like beads on a string. 1 have ready in a dish pan, used only for this purpose, boiling hot water in which is a small amount of concentrated lye, just enough to cut the grease and not enough to corrode the tin. Taking hold of either end of the cord, I roll and agitate the disks on the string until they are thoroughly cleansed. By this time they are ready for the drying process. I then take my piece of broom handle, sawed just long enough to reach across the top of the pan used to dry them off. lift the disks from the water with the ends of the string, insert the broom handle and withdraw the string, place the handle across the top of the drying pan and pour a couple of quarts of clear, boiling water over the disks, remove from the top of the pan and let them drain and dry, and while they are drying wash my bowl and the central cylinder and scald them. Wipe dry and replace the disks and cylinder. No drying with a cloth is necessary, as the heat from the boiling water poured over them dries them thoroughly. Wash and wipe the rubber ring and screw down the top of the bowl. Putting the remaining portions of the separator through the same process takes scarcely any more time than I’ve taken to write this 1 can at any time wash and put my separator in complete order in 10 minutes, and that, too, without any undue haste. By the use of the string it obviates the necessity of han - dling each disk or plate separately and prevents the possibility of getting the numbers mixed. Since it is imperative that the plates should go into the bowl consecutively according to the numbering, this plan of stringing precludes the misplacing of the numbers: —Mrs. Kate M. Busick Feeding tlie Covr For Money. The efforts of dairymen to make their cows surpass anything that has yet been done in the way of producing milk or butter needs to be made with a great deal of care Heavy feeding, which is one or tne aosolute esseSPEßns' to success in record breaking, must be directed with no small degree of skill or else it will result in a diminished instead of au increased power of production, and it may, as it has done in not a few instances, lead to the loss of the animal itself. If absolute safety is to be considered, it will be wise to remember that extremes are usually dangerous and that the feeding of animals is no exception to the general rule. But it is possible to learn very much about the merits of a cow as a butter producer without incurring any special risk. If the feed is increased gradually, as it invariably ought to be, and its effect is carefully noted, the owner of a cow will have little difficulty in deciding when the safe limit has been approached. Long before that point is reached he will be able to determine whether the increased quantity of food supplied is profitably utilized, for, contrary to what seems to be the belief of some advocates of high feeding, there are cows which, through some fault of digestion or assimilation or because they have a much stronger tendency to produce flesh than they have to yield milk, do not pay for extra quantities of grain. It therefore follows that when a test of the productive powers is made the health of the animals and the financial interests of their owners will be best protected by a gradual increase in the quantity of grain supplied and the careful watching of the effects which it produces.Sorghum Fodder. Great care should be employed to keep the cows in milk as long as possible, it takes a large percentage from the profits when cows are dry from three to four months in the year, or if their flow of milk decreases to any very marked degree during the last four or five months of the year. Clean, warm stables, plenty of pure water, from which the chill has been taken, roots or grain, or both, in addition to their dry feed, are conditions which secure success in winter dairying. Nor is winter the only time when the cows need supplementary food. As soon as the summer’s drought begins to shorten the pastures there should be plenty of corn or sorghum, to supply the lacking feed. Sorghum is an especially satisfactory crop for this purpose, as the cattle will eat it up clean. Dairymen can hardly regard this plant too highly. Milk For Cheesemaking. Milk for cheesemaking should always be aerated as soon as drawn from the cow. First class cheese can only be made from milk that is absolutely free from all impurities and aeration helps to secure such. Dairymen who furnish milk to the factories should be taught to use aerators. A very effective one can be made easily and cheaply by drilling one-sixteenth inch holes through the bottom and near the outer edge of some kind of a vessel. Suspend this as high as possible above another vessel and let the milk run through while it is yet warm.

HOW TO TRAIN A DOG. Hints About Jumping, Waltzing, Turning Somersaults and Other Tricks. Many times you will be obliged to help your pet. For instance, if Tom is told to walk on his hind feet and doesn't seem to know the way to begin call him a good fellow and then gently take his front feet up, lead him around, talking encouragingly to him all the time. Let one foot go for a time, and when he appears to be confident let him walk alone. Talk all the time, even though you only repeat his name admiringly. This feat accompanied by music, sung, wliisiled or played, very rapidly becomes a waltz, and to make it doubly enjoyable Tom's master can join in the dance. Walking on the front feet only requires a trifle more patience, and these tricks can be done alternately and at stretches of five or ten minutes. In teaching- somersaults you will have to put Tom through the operation perhaps twenty times a day, and even after he has mastered the trick a rolling movement of your hands will be a necessary guide. If Tom’s master will just get down on his own chubby little hands and feet and go over himself he will be able to tell just how much of the exercise Tom may enjoy. In jumping begin low and increase the height a step at a time. Before you force Tom through tissue covered hoops allow him to jump through the open space first. A toy ladder or incline may be made with blocks for the dog to ascend on two legs. By a little observation you will learn to start him with the right foot. “Dead dog” and “lame dog” are comical enough, but require considerable training as a rule, while very little will enable Tom to bring and carry clothing, schoolbags, newspapers, balls, slippers and such familiar things to bis master. How to Become a Well Kead Man. It takes much less time than is generally imagined to acquire a fair knowledge of history. Any average man who will pass the evenings of three winters in reading will rank as a man of remarkable knowledge in an ordinary company. After reading the short popular biographies, such as the Abbott histories, let him take Plutarch, Smith's “Greece” (small edition), Gibbon’s “Rome,” Allison, Macaulay and Ridpatli in the order named, which can he done in the time above mentioned, and he will be an unusually well posted man. How to Scale Fisli "Easily. Dip them into boiling water for about a minute before beginning to clean them. The scales will come off much more easily than by scraping. How to Keep in flood Health. One of the best ways to keep in good health is not to think or worry too much about it. If you feel strong and well don’t imagine that some insidious disease may be secretly attacking your constitution. Many people are like the inexperienced traveler who anxiously inquired'about thafoymptorus of sea .'-idciiess and ffow lie“lnoiild know when lie had it. One generally knows when he is sick, and frequently many supposably alarming symptoms prove upon investigation to be either perfectly natural occurrences or of very slight importance. How to llemove Coflee Stains from Linen. When coffee has been spilled on tablecloths or napkins dry them as much as possible with a clean towel, and see that the kettle is where it will boil by the time the meal is over. When the linen has been removed stretch the stained part over a pan, holding it nearly flat, and have boiling water poured slowly on every part of the stain. It will gradually disappear, and then the wet place can he partially dried and ironed. Ifow to lieep Steel Knives. Steel knives which are not in general use may he kept from rusting if dipped in a strong solution of soda (one part soda to four of water), then wiped dry, rolled In flannel and put in a dry place. How tlie Whale Breathes. Close observers maintain that the whale, in breathing, never spouts water from the nostrils, as the ordinary (Pictures represent. When it rises to the surface a foot or more of water over the head is blown away by the breath escaping from the lungs. This is followed by the vast body of air expelled, surcharged with moisture hot from the lungs, which, cooling, changes to vapor and in its circling descent resembles a shower of spray. How tlte Phrase “To Show the "White Feather” Originated. In unfolding his wings the goose shows a row of white feathers, and this action signifies his intention of flying. Thus, the word cowardice has become associated with the expression. How to Support One’s Self in tlie Water. When a person falls into the water he will rise to the surface and remain there if he does not lift his hands above the water. A slight paddling motion of the hands at the sides will keep the head above water without danger of drowning until the person is rescued. If tlie legs are moved in the motions of walking up stairs the shoulders will he kept above water. How to Make a Strengthening Corrlial. Beat one egg to a frotli with two teaspoonfuls of sugar, then heat into a glass of wine and drink at once. How to Clean a Copper Boiler. Rub it with a fresh lemon from winch the juice has been squeezed out, and. then wash the boiler in clear water. This obviates the use of any acids about the kitchen, the presence of which is always dangerous, especially in the hands of inexperienced cooks. How to Remove Finger Marks from Varnished Furniture. Rub the furniture well with a very little sweet oil upon a soft rag.

HOW TO WASH LACE CURTAINS. Ct Is Simple Enough When Once Yon Know How. Shake the dust out when taking down, then spread across two lines and brush with a clean feather brush. Put the curtains, one at a time, in a tub half full of milk warm water, with two tablespoonfnls of ammonia added. Let them remain about fifteen minutes, squeezing them with the hands every two or three minutes to loosen the dirt. Continue this process until all have been through three waters, or until the last water looks clean. The ammonia need not be used for but two waters. Then put the curtains in a coarse white bag or pillow case and put in weak, tepid soapsuds made of pure soap, letting it come to a boil. Rinse and blue, then starch if desired. Pin over sheets on the floor of an unoccupied room, stretching to the original measure, which should have been taken, and fastening to the carpet. All the work should be swiftly done to prevent as much shrinkage as possible. How to Drive Screws in Soft Wood. Screws can be used in soft wood if powdered rosin he put around the holes made for them and the screws he heated before using. Another way js to fill the hole with thick glue 'tSl& driving the screw when cold. How to Clean .. M r. 'Wall paper can be made to look fresh and new by rubbing it down with a soft flannel or canton flannel cloth or bag tied over the broom. If veiy dirty, begin at the top and rub down with chunks of white bread cut ready for use. Rub always one way and discard a piece as soon as it is dirty. How to Tell tlie Sites of Books. A little measurement from the following table will familiarize one with the most common sizes of volumes: Folio, below 18 inches; quarto, below 11 inches; octavo, below 9 inches; duodecimo, below 8 inches; miuimo, below 6 inches. How to Make Clieap Carpeting. Tack layers of the cheapest cotton cloth smoothly down; then over this paper the floor as yon would the walls. When dry add several coats of varnish. This makes a floor covering that will keep good for at least two years; can lie washed and keeps its gloss. It is especially good on rooms that are not in constant use. How to Remove tlie Taste from New Wooden Bails and Vessels. Scald the vessel -with boiling water, letting it remain till cool. Dissolve pearlash or soda in lukewarm water, add a little lime and wash the inside of the vessel with it. Lastly, scald well and rinse with cold water. How to Treat Motlis in Carpets. If ingrain, lay cloths wrung out of hot water along the edges, drying them with a hot iron. If the carpet is heavier than ingrain, lift the edges little by little, steaming it on the wrong as well as the right side, then wash the floor with hot ' cayenne tea, and replace the carpet when dry. This steaming process destroys the eggs and the young moths. How to Wash White Silk Handkerchiefs. Put them through a suds of warm water and white castile soap, rinsing thoroughly. They can be bleached on the grass the same as linen. How to Prepare a Good Shampoo. A mixture of white castile soap, hay rum, lukewarm water and salts of tartar will he effective. The salts remove dandruff, and the bay rum will prevent taking cold. How to Clean Black Ribbon. If very dirty dip it in hot water and draw it through the fingers a few times, not rubbing it. Have ready a cleanser made by boiling an old black kid glove in a pint of water a short time and letting it cool sufficiently to handle. Use the glove to rub the ribbon thoroughly. Then lay it under a paper and iron it. How to Make Polishing Wax for Floors. Melt over a slow fire a pound of yellow wax, and stir in a quarter of a pound of oil of turpentine and the same or rosin. Keep over the fire and stir constantly until all are fused, then set off the fire, still stirring the mixture until it is cool. Apply it to the floor with a woolen rag, rubbing it in hard. How to Wash Haix*l>x*uslies. In enough hot water to dip the brush dissolve a piece of soda the size of a walnut. Dip the brush in and out without getting the water on the hands. When clean, put the brash in the sun or a, 'warm place to dry. first rubbing the backs with a cloth. Soap and rubbing tend to make the bristles soft. How to Take Out Ink Stains. Dip the spotted part immediately in pure, melted tallow; then wash out the tallow and the ink will have disappeared. How to Clean Books. Dust them with a soft cloth, rubbing It firmly over the surface of the cover. If there is a great deal of dust the last traces can be removed by the use of bread or a soft rubber eraser. From the tops of leaves dust can be blown or brushed with a soft whisk. How to Stop Cracks in Jars. Mix equal quantities of white lead and white sand with enough oil to make it the consistency of putty. Apply over the cracked places and let it harden. It will be#ome like stone in a few weeks. How to Clean Precious Stones. Wash them in soap and water, to which has been added a little ammonia, potash or pearlash. Dry in fine boxwood sawdust. How to Remove Grape Stains from Car- , pets. Wash them out with warm soapsuds I md a little ammonia.

GUI A * A rrs “Moth pn~v a;: “Ob, : wrmW 1 tvait- r I . '1... : “We i m> • k.-r.' our frie 11 m \ jjl'jp play on violin, ii sing, an conli* *n. “And mot her “Oh. I gaveihe mother. “Oh, y said Fri “Well good chi you. au< room foi Fritz i “'There t you art-: And s friends \ got out Rosie *i pract ice veteen s rosette i stock in; “And said Fri Boys ' realize used no until an how ko the loss linnets I my win* 1 crested found f* every pr disturb* fc as ii.su.-4l cruel liai mill left Wefel would When l loved ho ful to se< piteous < high ab round a suppose, out. Fc search, a had left We wen had real but the found by by the l that th* her tend Here i slide tin the Bitt in it. I! Along tainside overlain how ant seemed path tht with nvi The gui* second, and I ha inn—no mount ai of the j and it rumblin later it ’ train. They ha there w. call that t tie mei out:” j The C 1 I A Ep/i i c \ 1 < Soa There who ne unperfu After t should without too mu* the prej there a woman ally in have a *

“There was plenty to eat and drink, but the seaman wanted to lay right® down and die. I kicked him a couple of i times, but he still wanted to die, so I set ■' off to explore the island. The ship’s ' boats were all gone, and I knew we were doomed so far as rescue was concerned, ids bite, hut I never let on to the seaman. It didn’t take me long to make the circuit w, of the island, and I found something that : so - gave me an idea, and a too.” At this point Mr. Tokens was again overcome. He smote himself on the brow and cursed the memory of the able seaman who had blighted his life. A drink, however, restored him, and ar he started in again, is dear, “Where was I at?” he asked, nae fear, “You had just made a discover,” replied the club, deeply interested, thwart; “About 100 yards from the wreck and i part. close to the beach I stumbled on to a saddened sperm whale aground on his stomach in a dry gully with his head out to sea. He was partly buried in the sand washed and frail, up by the gale.” ail, “Was the whale dead?” Willie Bloke inquired. ir “Of course he was. Do you suppose r he would be cruising inland if he wasn’t? sere— He had a harpoon in his ribs, which I reckon killed him before the storm threw n, him up on the island. Going back to K- boon tlie seaman and giving him a few more ' ° <>n ’ kicks—rapid ones they were—l told him ournal. we were saved. “ ‘How so?’ he says. Ir,, “ ‘Ask no questions,’ said I, ‘but turn JO. to and help.’ He braced up, and we unshipped the main topgallant yard from hauliii 0 * wreck. This was a hollow iron spar hers ire about 40 feet long with a wooden plug b make * n ea °b end. We pulled the plugs out and then went to overhauling the cargo. ne w >, (| Luck was with me, and I soon found ud th ir what I wanted. This was a lot of bales ived his °f loose cotton packing in long strands ble and the size of a man’s thumb. We stretched lie same this out in the sun, and when it got dry s dance me an< l aide seaman plaited a long ■ a con- wick to fit the iron spar. Then we rove 1 which through, with about 10 fathoms to lie were spare, and planted the spar in the whale’s blowhole, with the extra wick floating :ecutive around in the spermaceti inside of his >r chop- bead. I reckon the whale had about 20 air He barrels of fine oil in his brain locker, nothin" We guyed the spar with small wire caIt was bles, and then I made the seaman shin ws un- II P all< l touch her off.” nk ' and “Did it burn?” the skipper gravely inrent re- quired. “You have seen a tar barrel afire, I ive lub- reckon. Well, that is a tallow dip com.lery re- pared to my lighthouse. She loomed up fter the like a torchlight procession on end. The sd wine able seaman said I should have been an s home. admiral and wanted to kiss my hand, . oro-an- but I set him to work with a shovel burying the whale. It was hot weather, lin?” he and I wanted to keep the oil cool. Bv miotest working all night we got the whale lining at. c l er cover, caving in the soft sides of the Lowlin" golly and then banked the base of the vatehes spar with rocks. If tliev “In the morning I concluded to douse r juice, the lamp because it was a big waste of on the oil and did no good in daylight. So I 3e y- sent the seaman aloft with a tin pail to iself of snuff the wick, but the blooming spar :lub ex- was so hot he couldn’t .get more than _ e Bloke half way up. There nothing to _ 00~ but loaf around and let her burn, tiling,” “For nearly three weeks she blazed, lighting up the sea for miles around. lof lit- The light attracted birds of all kinds, but ig?” the no ships. It kept us busy daytimes drag--10 heed ging away the fowls that flew into the flame at night, and the smell of burning states— feathers nearly drove us off the islann hieh is anyhow. At last a trading schooner 1 have raised our beacon light, put in, and we rtliouse were saved. The captain was struck r got a with my lighthouse and wanted to know f Kan- how I kept her going. y didn’t “Oh, that’s an oil well we discovered, ey keep I said, giving the able seaman a kick. “So,” said the captain, “and who owns e skip- the island?” d these “We do,” I said, and so did the able seaman before I could kick him again, ins now “Do you want to sell out?” he asked. [r. Tok- “To be sure, if you’ve got the figure,” ags out I said, things “How much?” makes “Forty thousand dollars in cash i a man money.” on and “Done,” said the captain. “Come You aboard the schooner and get the money.” ae hard Once more Mr. Tokens filled up and d age.” was about to founder, but the skipper capes?” rescued him with a pull at the bottle. Then he fetched a sigh that sounded like the wind whistling through a cemetery as the wreck »f ruined hopes floated out Boots, of the past. are no- “Dad bing his onery picture, but that A lunk able seaman was low and ignorant! He ;ed, ig- wasn’t rigged for business, but got frothy n life.” all at once and said he wanted a plug of ) a tor- eating tobacco to boot on the $40,000 bey that fore lie left the island. You see, he reper- thought he was smart like me and wanted to sail a sharp bargain, but the cappiorant tain was pretty close hauled on a deal ike it,” himself. I kicked the seaman some more ng his and promised him two plugs when we got to San Francisco, but he said he was ed the no flying fish, and that wealth would e back make me proud and haughty. You “We backed and filled for two days wiuh the deal hove to. Then the eap;he ma- tain was about to split the difference se sug- with half a plug when the whale went iture. dry, the wick fell in, and I was left on irve on my beam ends. Holy smoke, but that ay pile, captain got mad! He threatened to eaman. leave us on the island, but the idiot seaay, but man begged so hard the old man calmed 'ot this down again and allowed us to work our the leg passage home. But we might have i orna- owned the schooner.” At this point in his narrative Mr. jool to Tokens lurched heavily, his sail came hen an down with a run, and he threatened to i off us roll his spar deck under. But the skiple ship per and Mr. Skate took charge of the island derelict and made a rough passage home ’hcenix in a water front hack.—Charles Dryclen legrees legrees —— ne and A Sure Remedy. came, Doctors have exhausted their wits in lagoon telling the sleepless “how to get to >n and sleep.” The best recipe we know of is laviga- before getting into bed yourself to walk :h was the floor two or three hours with ateethbeaeh ing baby. If utter exhaustion does not cargo then follow, your case is hopeless.

FARMHOUSE GROUNDS. §£ A Plan Wliicli Furnishes Helpful Suggeijpar! tions For Improving a Place. .7 The illustration here given is the plan of a farmyard remodeled and greatly improved. The plan was made by Professor Walters of the Kansas Agricultural college and originally illustrated and explained in The Field and Farm. The place as first arranged presented a very different appearance from the plan shown in the cut. The barn was located out next to the road where the walk now comes out. There were no trees or shrubs planted except the apple trees at the left. But as the circumstances of the occu-

J ROAD

PLAN OF FARM GROUNDS IMPROVED. pants improved they wanted something better, and they finally concluded to remodel according to this definite plan. It will he well to notice the jDoints sought in making this plan. In the first place the barn was moved to the rear and placed so as to be nearly out of sight from the road. It is placed so far to the right of the drive that no unpleasing views are obtained by that means. Then it has enough trees planted between it and the road so that it is concealed almost completely from view. The cattle sheds at S and the yards at Y are also hidden. At the same time these trees make a fine background for the smaller decorations of the yard in front. In the foreground are planted chiefly smaller shrubs, which do not hide the trees hack of them. There -is a large open space for a lawn in front of the house too. The vineyard and vegetable garden are located at E on the right and the orchard at the left. The walks from the house to the barn and to the road are sufficiently direct. The plan is in many ways a good one. In remodeling an old place the desired effects cannot be secured so well as though a good plan had been made in the first place. This plan will bear careful study and will no doubt furnish suggestions for those who want to make their places attractive. Two Ways Witli Weeds. Cultivators who have tried both ways know the several advantages of destroying weeds just as they are coming up to the surface. The ground is then rendered mellow and clean with a tenth part of labor required to destroy large tarded in growth nearly to its entire fail ure. The estimate is made that weeds after growing a fortnight and becoming a foot high contain by cubic measure 1,000 times as much substance in growth or more than when first making their ap-

CLEAN CULTURE AND NEGLECT, pearance at the surface, and with this great difference it is easily understood why they retard or destroy growth. The Country Gentleman takes as an illustration of the foregoing the turnip crop If the weeds are not allowed entrance, the turnips will appear like those in Fig. 1. If the weeds are rampant, the turnips will make no headway and will resemble those in Fig. 2. Late in summer is the season when so many weeds steal a large growth. 11l tlie Vegetable Garden. When there is plenty of ground, plant asparagus in rows three feet apart, the plants nine inches apart in the rows. You cannot afford to plant potatoes with deep eyes either for home use or for market. The custom of “hilling up” corn and potatoes is no longer practiced by progressive farmers. Where good wood ashes are cheap farmers have little need of chemical fertilizers. Why Tight Shoes Are Going Out. Tight shoes are going out of fashion, also high heels and, pointed toes. The long, slender, pointed foot is no longer considered a mark of blue blood, since the indefatigable purveyor for papers and magazines has given the exact shape and form of the feet of the bluest blood in Europe and the size of boots worn by queens and princesses of the royal blood. This information has done far more to convince the American girl who incidentally mentions the size of her boots and the narrow last she calls for than all the artists in sculpture have written or even the given measurements of the Greek statues representing beauty in its highest form. The latter was dead, the former living—proof that large feet and hands may go with the bluest blood, and vice versa.