NEWS BY THE MAIL.

Temuka Leader, Issue 2159, 5 February 1891, Page 4

NEWS BY THE MAIL.

GENERAL SUMMARY. London,, Jan. 31. The Powers advise Portugal to avoid collision with England. Portsmouth theatre was burned on Christinas night after a performance. Padloweky, the murde.er of General Scleiniskof. at Paris, is believed to have gone to New York. The Russian Government ordered the expulsion of eleven thousand Germans and Austrians. The latter are mainly Galician Poles. The , Spanish Minister of Finance has declared that Spain must fo'low the protection movement of America end Europe. The Japanese ironclai,which brought to Turkey the survivors of the foundered Turkish frigate Ertogroul was not allowed to pass the Dardanelles, there :being a standing prohibition against a foreign war vessel coming through the Straits. Her commander . was enraged at the refusal, and at once started, to return to Japan, The Turkish sailors aboard the Imperial yacht went after the Japanese vessel* which was overtaken at Smyrna. The Sultan's representative tendered apologies to the Japanese cobotnantder, which were accepted. The survivors-were transferred to the yacht. There is amusement in diplomatic circles over the incident. The Pope has finished a draft Encyclical on social questions, at which he has been working for a year. He says the restoration oftjustioe was needed, as it prevented the misery, sweating, and tyranny of riches. He is convinced that the Papacy churches sbnuld lead .the present social democratic movement. The Pope is still in robust health.

The steamers Britannia and Bear collided in the Frith of Forth On Jan. lltb. The Bear sank, and twelve of the crew were drowned. The Britannia waa taken in tow, but soon sank also. All the crew were saved.

No women are now employed at night in any German factory. The Chinese Government are making a new and accurate survey of all the provinces.

The Empress Eugenie is a heavy loser by the recent depredations in South American securities.

Faction quarrels in Ireland caused much distress among the evicted families, because of the uncertain authority over the funds,

It is reported that Mr Gladstone says be fears his end has come in public life and politics. The dissolution of Parliament is expected in the spring. A telegram from Rome says that besides arming the Guards with the last improved weapons the,Pope has given orders for more thorough vigilance for the protection of the Yatioan grounds against intrusion. It is rumored that the Pope fears an actipapal demonstration on the part of the radicals of the city, and wishes to bo prepared for if.

COLD WEATHER IN EUROPE. The weather which has prevailed throughout England for some time is causing the deepest distress amongst the poorer classes in London, especially the inhabitants of the East End. All out-door trades have been suspended for seven weekf. A large number of persons who have been thrown out of employment parade the streets, and solicit aid from the charitable to obtain the necessaries of life for themselves and their starving families. Nine thousand workmen and a thousand cars are engaged in clearing the streets of Berlin of the enow which fell during the recent great storm. The coast of Belgium, notab'y in the neighborhood of Ostend and Blank Bernch, presents a remarkable appearance. During the cold weather large blocks of ica are washing about the shore, and many vessels are forced by the ice to remain in port. Fishermen are suffering greatly. Bitter cold weather prevails in Paris, and is causing much distress among the poorer classes. The bodies of three persjos frozen l« death were picked up in the streets one morning. The severity of the weather at Hamburg and throughout the northern part of Germany is causing much suffering. A number of vessels are ice bound in the Lower Elbe. Many of them are short of provisions, and there is no means of rendering assistance. Twenty ships are now drifting about in the ice helpless under the fmy of bitter northeast winds. A furious gale prevails along the coast of Valencia, and several wrecks are reported. At Fiuine and Trieste, cn the Adriatic, a storm is raging with unprecedented fury. In both cities the theatres and other places of amusement are closed, and the street cars have slopped running. The gale is so fierce that it is dangerous to go out. Traffic is at a standstill, and the streets are almost entirely deserted. The cold was so intense in Montor, France, that hungry wolves appeared in flocks in the suburbs. Several wrecks are reported on the Spanish coast. There have been numerous deaths in England, The German and Belgian harbors are icebound, and dynsmite was used at Copenhagen to extricate ships from the ine. All Bavaria and Northern Italy were covered by snow. Many persons perished iu violent snowstorms at Algiers. The Thames and Seine rivers were frozen.

The following is a despatch of January 9th ;—There are no signs of an abatement of the severe winter weather throughout Great Britain and on the Continent. From all points come stories of suffering. In Great Britain the severity of the season has not been exceeded since 1883, The river Thames below Richmond remains partially froz n, and navigation is impeded by the ice. Carriers’ vans traverse the frozen surface from Sutton Court to Abingdon. Numerous deaths have resulted from the severe cold, several of them at the very gates of workhouses, where the poor are clamoring for admission. A Midland newspaper declares that thousands of persons in that region are in a condition of semi-starvation. Many local Commiltees are taking measures of relief, but they fail to reach the worst of the cases. In every country on the Continent there is suffering because of the severe weather. The coasts of Belgium, Holland, and North Germany are blocked with ice, and many ships are icebound in the rivers Scheldt, Elbe, and Seine, badly damaged. At Antwerp 10,000 workmen were thrown out of work owing to the onuaually severe weather. The misery among the poor classes is intense and widespread. Despatches from several German ports tell of the inaccesaability of their harbors because of ice. All Bavarii is covered with snow and in the country

between the Danube and the Alpa the: snow ia eighteen inches deep. In certain localities along the Rhine the snow drifts are piled seventeen feet high. In northern Italy snow fell for forty-eight hours. The inhabitants of that region are suffering acutely, such weather being entirely unknown to them, and it is feared a number perished in the storm. The railways are much delayed. Despatches frooi "Vienna a«y that communication with points south of that city ia greatly impeded. On all the railways the movement of trains is partially suspended. A telegram from Madrid reports a heavy fall of snow in Spain, and says (hat communication with ad the provinces of Spain is difficult. Thera are also reports of the prevalence of intensly cold weather in Yaleccia, where the orange groves have been swept by a storm, entailing heavy losses to owners. A violent storm, accompanied by hail and snow and extending a long distance inland, is reported from Algiers, in North Africa. : The report is coupled with the assurance that nothing like such severe weather, was ever known in that locality before. Advices from Paris say the Seine is blocked with ice. The Saone ia frozen above Lyone. Much suffering is being caused in many interior places by intensely cold weather; and a number of persons have been frozen to death.

CARDINAL MANNING ON SOCIALISM. The London Chronicle publishes an account of an interview with Cardinal Manning regarding an article in the St. James* Gazette, in which the Cardinal was condemned as a socialist, because of a letter written by him to a Paris publication. The Cardinal argued that it was impossible to define a soeialist, because any attempt to do so was met by three distinct, socialist schools, all of which denied the accuracy of the definition. “Therefore it is more useful to know what socialism is nbl. In the first place," said the Cardinal, “that society of man is not of human but of divine nature. It is founded upon the three great laws of authority, obedience, and brotherhood. . The whole of our legislation is essentially social, for the protection of property and labor. In contrast, socialism claiming supreme power to chohge, reform, reject, even to the foundation and principles of politics, and therefore of human society, is essentially destructive and revolutionary. Secondly, the correction of social evils should be conservation of life and health of society ; socialism on the other hand identifies social evils with society itself, and kills the patient to cure hia maladies. For example, the socialists consider the; chief evil of the times the accumulation of properly in few hands, and to cure it some socialists Would deny to individuals the right of property, which ia founded radically on the law of nature. Social legislation will show how, by a just legislation which pervades the whole system of taxation, to redress these inequalities. ; The poor law, the abolition of the corn law, and the law of succession to resl property and the income tax are all just social laws founded upon the first principles of human society as strictly conservative of the Commonwealth. I am not saying that other remedies are not rrquired, or that they have received their full development. lam content with saying anyone calling such legislation .Socialistic does not know what Socialism means.

The Vingtieme Siecle, a review published in Paris and devoted to Christian social economy, contains the letter referred to from Cardinal Manning, in which his Eminence says—“ Hitherto we have strangled by exaggerated individualism. This century will show human society something greater and nobler than anything purely individual. Politicians and economists of the modern school have had their day. The twentieth century will be altogether for the people and for laws that will ensure common prosperity under a Christian regima THE DISTRESS IN ; IRELAND. The Earl of Zetland, Viceroy of Ireland, and the ,Chief Secretary, Mr Balfour, sign a declaration, which has been issued, on the condition of the poor in the western part of Ireland. The declaration says “ The poverty which is chronic in some districts will, if the people are not aided, reach the state of acute distress during the winter and spring. Thera is neither a residential party . nor a substantial middle class to give employment, nor are there proper organisations to aid those who are unable to aid themselves. Outdoor relief, except in cases of emergency cannot be legally administered except lb persons holding Oyer a quarter of so acie of laud. Although no one acquainted with the history of the Irish Poor Law would regard relaxing this clause as other than a public calamity, its maintenance undoubtedly limits the capacity to deal with cases of exceptional distress. The provision thus created leaves part of the social organism, sick at'aH times, stricken with disease, from which, without extraneous help, it has no power to rally,” In regard to the failure of the potato crop, the Declaration says;—“The small occupiers in the west seem at first sight all to live much in the same way. They ace lodged in small cabins; cultivate the same kind of soil, and are clothebd with the same kind of dress; It would be natural to conclude that in all places where the f.ilure of the crop is the same the distress is the same, but such is not the case. In no district‘does the bulk of the community live wholly upon potatoes. ■ Every district has means of livelihood; independent of the cultivation of potatoes; The degree of the failure of the pota’o crop is therefore in itself a misleading guide to the degree of distress existing among the people. Other elements in finding the position of the people are the amount of their savings and their debts and their oiedit with local tradesmen. Furthermore, in the organisation of'any plan of grain tons assistance caution is necessary in order that it shall not interfere with the system of railway relief ] works. Several thousands have already, been distributed in the districts most in need. The conclusions we come to may be confined, first to families who are in serious want, and who having no able bodied person among them cannot derive benefit from public relief works ; second, to provide meals in schools for children attending them,,,and third, to supply clothing for children unable to procure it elsewhere.” AMERICAN SUMMARY. SiN Francisco, Job. 12. A Spanish vessel, the Aiigletia, was captured off Florida by the United States revenue steamer McLme, without papers, and her charter was suspicions. A prize crew was sent aboard the vessel to take

her to port. The Spanish oaptaip shbwed fight, bat was sent aboard the McLme. A dozen men were burled a dozes feet, down a shaft at Uteria mine, Darantress, through the breaking of the cable. Ten were killed. The business Section of the tbwn of San Antonio, Texas, was burned on Christmas Day. > The,Now Yerk Herald .feted two thousand newsboys on Ghrietm,as Day. The Michigan law providing for cumulative voting, is declared illegal by the Supreme Court. The New .Ragland Organ Company’s factory has been burnt. The loss is 200,000d01. A fight in a negro church in Alabama on Christmas Eve resulted ia one death and many icjaries. Two medical students were drowned at Long island while shooting on Chris'mas Eve. Manhel Garcia still keeps Cuba in terror, though a reward: of 10,000 dollars is offered for his capture. An English corporation with a capital, of 250,000d01. will establish twenty agricultural settlements in Brazil. Four hundred Italians who landed in York recently, destitute, will be returned. Brazil has issued a decree offering great inducements to immigrants, A submarine boat, to stay twenty-four hocs under water wth men, is being built at Detroit. Isaac Sswtelli has been condemned to death st Dover, N.H., for the murder of his brother for tnoney. The steamer Discard, New York to Boston, put into Boston in distress, with her engines broken boats gone, and leaking.

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