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THE PEACE TREATY

THE CRIMINAL NATION SENTENCED GERMANY TO MAKE FULL REPARATION FOR HER CRIMES AND DEVASTATION > —i j RATION FAIRLY STRIPPED AND HAM-STRUNG -j,—u_au EX-KAISER TO BE PUBLICLY ARRAIGNED

THE OFFICIAL SUMMARY. QF ?EOVISIONS. London, May 7. The following is the official summary of the Ifeace Treaty. It consists of a I descriptive introduction and preamble ! SUid fifteen sections. The .text begins | With a,descriptive introduction summary. The draft Treaty of Peace now handed jto the Germans ig designed in the first instance to set forth the conditions upon Which alone the Allied and associated pßWers vill make peace with Germany, ud in the second place to establish those international arrangements which the Allies have devised for the prevention of y(Wt in future and the betterment of Mankind. For this latter reason, it in- , eludes th? Covenant of the League of Nations and the International Labor Convention. i The draft treaty, however, does not ideal, except incidentally, with the problems arising out of the liquidation; of sh« Austrian Empire, nor with the territw*® <)f tie two enemy Powers Turkey tod Bulgaria, except in so far as it binds Qermapy to accept whatever subsequent settlement may be decided upon by the jellies in the cause of these belligerents. The treaty is divided into fifteen sections. The first section contains the Covenant of the League of Nations, to which fuietiow are assigned in various places by the treaty. The second section describes the geographical frontier of Germany, beginning at the north-eastern point of the present (Belgian frontier. Tlie third section, which consists of twelve clauses, binds Germany to accept the political changes in Europe brought about by the treaty. It establishes two new States, Tchecho-Slovika and Poland, and provides for their recognition. It revises the basis of Belgian sovereignty, alters the boundaries of Belgium, establishes new systems of government in Luxemburg and the Saar basin, restores

lAlsace-LoTraroe to France, provides for 1 passible additions of territory to Denmark, binds Germany to recognise the , independence of German-Austria and to accept conditions to be laid down as to those States or governments which have Created themselves since the Russian revolution. The fourth section deals with the political reconstruction of territories outside Europe effected by the war. It contains ia general renunciation on the part of Germany of her possessions and rights abroad. By it she yields her colonies to the Allies, together with her rights in 'Africa under the various international Conventions, particularly the Berlin Act bf ,188 a and the Brussels Act of 1896, Which have regulated European enterprise ja, tropical Africa. This section gives international recognition to the British protectorate in Egypt and annuls the Act of Algeciras, which was one step in the German policy of aggression which led to the war. The fifth sections sets forth the military, naval, and air conditions of peace.

Emits the size «f the German army and Bavy, and abolishes compulsory recruit- < Jng in Germany as a first step towards general disarmament. The sixth section imposes on all the signatory Powers the obligation to main--1 tain all the graves of the fallen and regulates the return of prisoners of war. The seventh Rection deals with responsibilities suid punishment, and proTides for the return of the ex-Kaiser (William. The eighth sections sets forth the reparation, and restitution to be made by Ger-rnny and contains special provisions relating to the documents and war trophies seized by the Germans in earlier war". The ninth sections contains the financial clauses, and is mainly designed to put into operation the provisions of the previous section # Tho tenth secth**, which is of great length and complexity, contains economic provisions and re-establishes various xoK-politieal international treaties and convention!) which, in such matters as po«ts and telegraphs and sanitary regufctinrw which have keen binding on cjvi- _, ltw"l powers before the war. Attached to this section is a special provision to reflate the traffic is opium and similar dr"'.«!. Tl-c eleventh section deals with aerial nnvi:;ation. The twelfth section contains clauses dealing with the international control of ports, canals, rivers, and railways, with sp-ial provision for the Kiel Canal. TV thirteenth contains the Labor conf ventt^". The fourteenth contains guarantees for the exacation of the treaty. The fifteeiith is made up of a series of miscellaneous clauses, including the recognition of ©taw subsequent treaties of peace and the confirmation of prize cow* decision*. Th? Anal «Janae» deal . with the ratalcation and date "jf «rter-

and EngUsh texts of which are recognised as authentic

THE PREAMBLE. The preamble, which recites shortly tlio origin of the "war and the application of the Germans for an armistice, enumerates the high contracting parties represented by the five great Powers, the United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy, and Japan, together with Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, China, Cuba, Ecuador, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, the Hedjaz, Honduras, Arabia, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Roumania, Serbia, Siara, Tchecho-Slovakia, and Uruguay on the one hand and Germany on the other. The plenipotentiaries representing these Powers are enumerated, "who, having communicated their full powers, found in good and true form, have agreed as follows: From the coming into foree of the present treaty the state of war will terminate from that moment and, subject to the pro visions of this treaty, official relations with Germany and with each of the German States will be resumed by the Allied ajad associated Powers."

SECTION 1. LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The membership and members of the Xeacuo will be the signatories of th® covenant and other States invited to accede, who must lodge a declaration of accession without reservation within two months. Any State, Dominion, or Colony may he admitted, provided its admission is gained by two-thirds of the Assembly. A State may withdraw upon giving two years' notice, if it has fulfilled all its international obligations. THE SECRETARIAT. A permanent secretariat will be established at the seat of the League, which will be Genera. i THE ASSEMBLY. The Assembly will consist of representatives of members of the League and will meet at Btated intervals. The voting will be by States, each member to have one vote, and not more than three representatives.

THE COUNCIL. The Council will consist of representatives of the five great Allied Powers, together with representatives, of four other members selected by the Assembly from time to time. It may admit additional States and will meet at least once a year. Members, not represented will be invited to send a representative when questions, affecting their interests are discußsedk The voting will be by States, each State to have one vote and not more than one representative. Decisions taken by the Assembly and Council must be unanimous, except with regard to procedure and in certain cases specified in the covenant and in the treaty, where the decisions will be iby a majority. ARMAMENTS. The Council will formulate plans for the reduction of armaments for consideration and adoption- These plans will be revised every ten years. If they are adopted no member must exceed the armaments fixed with the concurrence of the Council. All members will exchange full information as to armaments and programmes, and a permanent commission will advise the Council on military aorl naval questions.

PREVENTION OF WAR. i Lpon any war or threat of war the Council will meet to consider what common action shall be taken. Members are pledged to submit matters m dispute to arbitration or enquiry and not to resort to war until three months after the award. Members agree to carry out an arbitrant award and not to go to war with any party to the dispute which complies with it. If a member fails to carry out the award the Council will gropo9e the necessary measures. The onncil will formulate plans for the establishment of a permanent Court of International Justice to determine international disputes or »ve advisory opinions. Members \*tho do not .submit their cases to arbitration must accept, the jurisdiction of the Council or Asasmbly. . .. * iL If the Council, less the parties to the dispute, is unanimously agreed upon the rights, or if members agree that they will not go to war with any party to the dispute which complies with its recommendation. In this case the recommendations by the Assembly are concurred in by all ita members represented on the Council and a simple majority of the rest, less the- parties to the dispute, will have the force of a unanimous xmonuneßdatioß hj? .the Council In

either case if the necessary agreement [cannot be secured members reserve the right to take such action as may be necessary for the maintenance of right and justice. Members resorting to war in disregard of the Covenant will be immediately debarred from all intercourse with other members. The Council will, in such cases, consider what military or naval action can be taken by the League collectively for the protection of Covenants, and will afford facilities to members co-operating in this enterprise. VALIDITY OF TREATIES. AH treaties or international engagements concluded after the institution of the League will be registered with the secretariat and published. The Assembly may, from time to time, advise members to reconsider treaties which have become inapplicable or involve danger to peace. The Covenant abrogates all obligations between members inconsistent with its terms, but nothing in it shall affect the validity of arbitration or regional understandings, bke the Monroe Doctrine, for the security and maintenance of peace.

MANDATORY SYSTEM. The tutelage of nations not yet able to stand by themselves will be entrusted to the advanced nations who are best fitted to undertake it. The Covenant recognises three different kinds of mandates:— (a) Communities, like those belonging to the Turkish Empire, which can be provisionally recognised as independent, subject to advice and assistance from the mandatory, in whose selection they should be allowed a voice. (b) Communities like those of Central Afriea. to be administered by the mandatory under conditions generally approved by members of the League, where equal opportunities for trade will be allowed to all members. Certain abuses, such as trade in slaves, arms, and liquor, will be prohibited, and the construction of military and naval bases and the introduction of compulsory military training be disallowed. (c) Other communities, such as SouthWest Africa and the Fonth Pacific Islands, which are best administered under the laws of the mandatory as integral portions of its territory. In ; every case the mandatory will render an annual report and the degree of its ; authority will be defined.

GENERAL INTERNATIONAL PROVISIONS. Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of international conventions existing or hereafter to be agreed upon, members of the League will, in general, endeavor, through the international organisation established by the Labor Convention, to secure and maintain fair conditions of labor for men, women, and children in their own countries and other countries and undertake to secure just treatment of the native inhabitants of the territories under their control.

They will entrust the League with the general supervision over the execution of agreements for the suppression of traffic in women, children, etc., and the control of the trade in arms and ammunition with countries in which control is necessary. They will make provision for the freedom of communications and transit and equitable treatment for the commerce of all members of the League, with special reference to the necessities of regions devastated during the war, and will endeavor to take steps for the international prevention and control of disease. International bureaux and commissions already established will be placed under the League, as will all those to be established in the future. AMENDMENTS TO COVENANT. Amendments to the Covenant will take effect when ratified by the Council and by ! a majority of tha Assembly.

SECTION 2. BOUNDARIES OF GERMANY. The boundaries of Germany are described in two articles, one dealing with Germany proper and the other with East Prussia. The boundary lines between the new State of Poland and Germany and East Prussia respectively and the new boundary line between East Prussia and Lithuania are described in detail in so far aa they are not left to be settled by boundary commissions on the spot. The boundary with Belgium follows the line described in the later section dealing with Belgium. The frontier with Luxembourg and with Switzerland is that of August, 1914. The frontier with France is that of July 18, IS7O, with a reservation regarding the Saar. The frontier with Austria is the ,same as that of August 3, 1914, up to the point where that of the new State of Czecho-Slovakia begins. The frontier of Czechoslovakia follows the old frontier between Germany and Austria up to the point where the new State of Poland begins. The boundary between Germany and Denmark and a'portion of the boundary between- East Prussia and Poland remain to be decided bv the result of a plebfroite.

nor hold any manoeuvres, nor maintain any works for facilitating mobilisation. If the provisions of this article are violated she shall be regarded as committing a hostile act against the-signa-tories of the treaty and as intending to disturb the world's peace. By virtue of the treaty, she roust respond to any request for an explanation which Ihe Council of the League of Nations may address to her.

The Saar.—ln compensation for the destruction of the coal mines in Northern France, and as payment on account of reparation, Germany cedes to France the full ownership of the coal mines of the Saar Basin, with their subsidiaries, accessories, and facilities, their value to be estimated by the Reparation Commission and credited against that account. The French rights will be governed by German law in force at the armistice, excepting war legislation, France replacing the present owners, whom Germany undertakes to indemnify. France will continue to furnish the present proportion of coal for local needs and contribute in just proportion to the local tares. The basin extends from the frontier of Lorraine, as re-annexed to France, north as far as St. Wendel, including the Valley of the Saar as far as Saar-Holzbaeh au'd on the east the town of Homburg. In order to secure the rights and welfare of the population and to guarantee to France entire freedom in working the (nines, the territory will be governed by a commission appointed by the League of Nations and consisting of five members, one French, one a native inhabitant of the Saar, and three representing three different countries other than France and Germany. The League will appoint a member of the commission as chairman to act as executive of the commission. The commission will have all the powers of government formerly belonging to the German Empire, Prussia, and Bavaria; will administer the railroads and other public services, and have full power to interpret the treaty clauses. The local courts will continue, but subject to the commission. Existing German legislation will remain the basis of the law, but the commission may make modifications after consulting a local representative assembly, which it will organise. It will have taxing power, but for local purposes only; new taxes must be approved by this assembly. Labor legislation will consider the wishes of local Labor organisations and the Labor programme of the League. French and other labor may be freely utilised, the former being free to belong to French unions.

There will be no'military service, but only a local gendarmerie to preserve order. The people will preserve their local assemblies, religious liberties, schools, and language, but may vote only for local assemblies. They will keep their present nationality, except so far as individuals may change it. Those wishing leave will have, every facility with respect to their property. The territory will form part of the' French customs system, with no export tax on coal and metallurgical products going to Germany, nor on German products for the Basin, import duties on the products of the Basin going to Germany, or German products coming into the Basin for local consumption. French money may circulate without restriction.

After fifteen years a plebiscite will be held by the communes to ascertain the desires of the population regarding continuance of the existing regime under the League of Nations, union with France, or union with Germany. The light to vote will belong to all inhabitants over twenty-two years of age resident therein at the signature. On the opinion thus expressed the League will decide the ultimate sovereignty. In any portion restored to Germany the German Government must buy out the French mines at an appraised valuation. If the price is not paid within f>ix months thereafter this portion passes finally to France. If Germany buys back the mines the League will determine how much of the coal shall go to France and Alsace-Lorraine.

After recognition of the moral obligation to repair the wrong done in 1871 by Germany to France and the people of Alsace-Lorraine, the territories ceded to Germany b'y the Treaty of Frankfort are restored to France, with their frontiers us before 1871, to date from the signing of the armistice, and to free all public debts.

SECTION 3. POLITICAL CLAUSES REGARDING EUROPE. Belgium.—Germany ia to consent to the abrogation of the treaties of 1839 by which Belgium was established as a neutral State and her frontiers, etc., fixed, and to agree in advance to any convention with which the Allies may determine to replace them. Germany is to recognise the full sovereignly of Belgium over the contested territory of Moresnet and over part of Prussian Moresnet, and is to renounce in favor of Belgium all rights over Kupen and Malmedy, the inhabitants of which are "to be entitled, within six months, to protest against this change in whole or in part, the' final decision to be reserved to tße League of Nations. A commission is to settle the details of the frontier and various regulations for individual changes of nationality are laid down. The territories acquired by Belgium will be free from all obligations. Luxembourg.—Germany renounces various treaties and conventions with the Grand Dnchy of Luxembourg, and recognises that it has ceased to be part of the German Zollverein from January 1 last. It renounces all rights to "the exploitation of railways, adheres to the abrogation of its neutrality, and accepts in advance any international agreements as to it reached by the allied and associated Powers. Left bank of the 'Rhine.—As sribaeqnently provided in the military section, Germany must not maintain or construct any fortification less than 50 kilometres to the east of the Rhine. In the above area Germany may maintain no armed fane, either jjeraMteat or taawaof.

Citizenship is regulated by detailed proVisions distinguishing those who are immediately restored to full French citizenship, those who have to make formal application therefor, and those for whom naturalisation is open after three years. The last-named class includes German residents in Alsace-Lorraine, distinguished from those who acquire the position of Alsace-Lorrainers as defined by the Treaty. All public property and all private property of the German ex-sovereign will be passed to France without payment or credit, France is substituted far Germany as regards the ownership of railroads and rights over concessions of tramways. The Rhine bridges pass to France with the obligation for their upkeep for five years. The manufactured products of AlsaceLorraine will be admitted to Germany free of duty to total an amount not exceeding in any year the average of three years preceding the war, and textile materials may be imported from. Germany to Alsace-Lorraine and reexported free of duty. The contracts for electric power from the right bank must be continued for ten years.

For seven years, with the possible extension to ten, the ports of Kiel and Strasburg shall he administered ns a single unit by a French administrator appointed and supervised by the Central Rhine Commission. Property rights will be safeguarded in both ports and equality of treatment as respects traffic is assured the nationals' vessels and goods of every country. Contracts between Alsttpe-Lorrainers and Germans are maintained, save for France's right to annul on the ground of public interest. The judgments of the courts hold in certain classes of cases, while in others a judicial consequatur is first required. Political condemnations during the war are null and void, and the, obligation to pay war fines is established, aa in other parts of the Allied territory. Various clauses adjust the general provisions of the Treaty to special conditions of Alsace-Lorraine, certain mattei'3 of execution being left to the conventions to be made between France, Germany, and Gorman Austria. The entire independence of GermanAustria is recognised by Germany,

SECTION 4. • czecho-slovakta, Germany recognises the entire independence of the Czechoslovak States, including the autonomous territory of Ruthenians, south of the Carpathians, and accepts the frontiers of this State as they may determine, which, in the case of the German frontier, shall follow tiie old frontier-of Bohemia in 1914.

POLAND. 'Germany cedes to Poland the greater part of Upper Silesia, Posen and the Province of West Prussia, on the left bank of the Vistula, a field boundary commission of seven, whereof five will represent the allied and associated Powers and ottt each Poland and Germany shall ho constituted within fiflesu Jays of peace to re-limit this boundary. Such special provisions as are necessary to protect racial.or religious minorities shall be laid down in a subsequent treaty between the allied and associated Powers and Poland and East Prussia. The southern and eastern frontier of East Prussia, as facing Poland, is to be fixed by plebiscites, the first in the Regency of Allenstein, between the southern frontier of East Prussia and the northern frontier of Regierungsbesrk and Allenstein from where it meets the boundary between East and West Prussia to its junction with the boundary between the circles of Oletsko and Augersburg, thence from the northern boundary of Oletsko to its junction with the present frontier, and the second in the area comprising the circles of Stuhm and Rosenberg, and the parts of the circles of Marienburj and Marienwerdcn east of the Vistula.

In each case the German troops and) authorities will move out within fifteen | days of peace, and the territories will be placed under an international commission of five members appointed by the five allied and associated Powers, with the particular duty of arranging for free, fair, and secret vote. The commission will report the results of the plebiscites to the five Powers with a recommendation for the boundary, arid will terminate its work as soon as the boundary is laid down and the new authorities set up. The five allied and associated Powers will draw up regulations giving Fast Prussia full and equitable access to and the use of the Vistula. A subsequent convention, of which the terms will be fixed by the five allied and associated Powers, will be entered into between Poland, Germany, and Danzig, to assure a suitable railroad communication across German territory on the right hank of the Vistula, between Poland and Danzig), while Poland fthfall grant free passage from East Prussia to Germany. The north-eastern corner of Fast Prussia about Memel is to be ceded by Germany to the associated Powers, the former agreeing to accept the settlement made, especially as regards the nationality of the inhabitants.

DANZIG. D&nzig and the district immediately about it is to be constituted into a free city of Danzig, under the guarantee of the League of Nations. A high commissioner shall be appointed by the League and be resident at Danzig. He shall draw up a constitution in agreement with the duly appointed representatives of the city, and shall deal in the first instance with all differences arising between the city and Poland. The actual boundaries of the city shall be delimited by a commission appointed within six months from peace, and to include three representatives chosen by the allied and associated Powers, one each by Germany and Poland. A convention, the terms of which shall be fixed by the five allied and associated Powers, shall be concluded between Poland and Danzig, which shall include Danzig within the Polish customs frontiers, though with a free area in the port; ensure to Poland the use of all the city's waterways, docks, and other port facilities, the control and administration of the Vistula and the whole through railway system within the city, and the postal, telegraphic, and telephonic communication between -Poland and Danzig; provide against discrimination against the Poles within the city, and place its foreign relations and diplomatic protection of its citizens abroad in charge of Poland.

which German subjects of European origin shall reside, hold property, or carry on business. Germany undertakes to pay reparation for damages suffered by French nationals in (lie C.\mevoon9 or its frontier zone through acts of German civil and military authorities and of individual Germans i'rom January 1, JAOO to August 1, lfti-I. Germany renounces all rights unrfi'i- ill" convention of November 4, 1911, and September 28, 1812, and undertakes to pay France, in accordance with the estimate presented and approved by the reparation commission, all deposits, credits, advances, etc., thereby secured. Germany also undertakes to accept and observe any provisions made by the allied and associated Powers as to trade in arms and spirits in Africa, as well as to the genera! Act of Berlin of ;]BKS, and the general Act of Brussels of 1800. Diplomatic protection to the inhabitants of the former German colonies is to be given by the Governments exercising authority.

CHINA. Germany renounces, in favor of China, nil privileges and indemnities resulting from the Boxer protocol, of 1001, and all buildings, wharves, barracks, forts, munitions of war, ships, wireless plants, and other public property, except diplo-' matic or consular establishments, in the German concessions of Tientsin and Hankow, and in other Chinese territory, except Kiaochow, and agrees to return to China, at her own expense, all astronomical instruments sei/cd in 1900 and 1001. China will, however, take no measures for the disposal of German property in the Legation Quarter at Pekin without the consent of the Powers signatory to the Boxer protocol. Germany accepts the abrogation of concessions at Hankow and Tientsin, China agreeing to open them to international use. Germany renounces all claims against China, or any allied and associated. Government, for internment or repatriation of her citizens in China, and for the seizure or liquidation of German interests there since August 14, 1917. She renounces, in favor of Great Britain, her State property in the British concession at Canton, and of France and China jointly of the property of the German school in the French concession at Shanghai, SUM.

Germany recognises that all agreements between herself and Slain, including the right of extra territoriality, ceased as at July 22, 1917. All German public property', except consular and diplomatic premises, passes, without compensation, to Siam. German private property is to be dealt with in accordance with the economic clauses. Germany waives all claims against Siam for the seizure and condemnation of her ships, liquidation of her property, or internment of her nationals.

LIBERIA. Germany renounces all rights under international arrangements of lfll'l-12 regarding Liberia, more particularly the right to nominate the receiver of customs, and disinterests herself in any further negotiations for the rehabilitation of Liberia. She regards as abrogated all commercial treaties and agreements between herself and Liberia, and recognises Liberia's right to determine the status and conditions of the re establishment of Germans in Liberia.

DENMARK, The frontier between Germany and. Denmark is to be fixed in accordance with tho wishes of the population, a vote being taken in Northern Schleswig aa a whole, and in portions of Central Schleswig, by communes ten days from the signing of peace. German troops and authorities must evacuate the region north of a line running from the mouth of the Schlei, south of Keppel, Schleswig, and Friedrichstadt, along the Zuyder Zee to the North Sea, south of Tonning, and the Workmen's and Soldiers' Councils in the zone must be dissolved. During the voting the zone will be under the charge of an international commission of five members, of whom the Norwegian and Swedish Governments will be invited to choose two. The commission will temporarily have general powers of administration. After the result of the voting has been declared, the Danish Government may occupy those territories which have voted for Denmark, and Germany shall renounce her sovereign rights in these territories. All the inhabitants will then acquire the Danish nationality, with certain exceptions. Provisions are made for individual change of nationality under certain conditions.

MOROCCO Germany renounces all her rights, titles, and privileges under the Act of Algeciras, and the Franco-German agreements of 1909 and 191-1, and under all treaties and arrangements with the Shorillan empire. She undertakes not to intervene in any negotiations as to Morocco between Franco and other Powers, accepts all the consequences of French protectorate there, and renounces the capitulations. The Slierifian Government shall have complete liberty of action in regard to German nationals, and all German protected persons shall be subject to the common law. AM. movable and immovable German property, include ing mining rights, may be taken by the Government and deducted from the repatriation account. Germany is also required to relinquish her interest in the State bank of Morocco. All Moroccan goods entering Germany shall have the game privilege as French goods.

HELIGOLAND. The fortifications, military establishments, and harbors of the* Islands of Heligoland and Dune are to be destroved, under supervision of the Alliss, by German labor, and at. Germany's expense. They are not to be reconstructed, nor arc any similar works to be constructed in the future RUSSIA. Germany is to recognise and respect the full independence of all territories which formed part of the former Russian Empire. Germany is to accept definitelv the annulment of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, and all treaties or agreements of all kinds concluded by Germany since the revolution of November, 1917, with all governments or political groups on the territory of the former' Russian Empire. The Allies reserve all rights on the part of Russia for restitution "and satisfaction to be obtained from-. Germany on the principles of the Plient Treaty.

GERMAN POLITICAL RIGHTS . OUTSIDE EUROPE. _ Outside Europe Germany renounces all rights, titles, and privileges as to her own or her allies' territories to all allied and associated Powers, and undertakes to accept whatever measures are taken by the five allied Powers in relation thereto. COLONIES AND OVERSEAS ' POSSESSIONS. Germany renounces in favor of the j allied and associated Powers her overseas possessions, with all rights and titles therein. All movable and immovable property belonging to the German Empire, or to any German State* shall pass to the Government exercising authority thereat. These Governments may make whatever provision may seem suitable for the reparation 'of German wtioaals. and the conditions on

EGYPT. Germany recognises the British protectorate over Egypt declared on December 18, Wl4, and renounces as from August 4, 11114, the capitulations and all the treaties, agreements, etc., concluded by her with Egypt. She undertakes not to intervene in any negotiations and provisions for jurisdiction over German nationals and property, and for German consent to any changes which may be made in relation to the commission of the public debt. Germany consents to transfer to Great Britain her powers given by the late Sultan of Turkey for securing the free navigation of the Suez canal.

Arrangements for property belonging to German nationals in Egypt are made eimilar to those in the case of Morocco and other countries. Anglo-Egyptian goods entering Germany shall receive the same treatment as British goods. TURKEY AND BULGARIA. "ermany accepts all the arrangements which tile Allied and associated Powers mako with Turkey and Bulgaria with reference to any rights, privileges, or interests claimed in those countries by Germany or her nationals, and not dealt with elsewhere. SHANTUNG. Germany cedes to Japan all rights, titles, and privileges, notably as to Kiaochow, and railroads, mines, and cables acquired by her treaty with China of March 13, 180S, and by.her agreements as to Shantung., All German rights to railroads from Tsingtao to Tsinaiifu, including all facilities, mining rights and rights of exploitation, pass equally to Japan, and the cables from.Tsingtao to Shanghai and Chcfoo, the cables free of all charges. All German Stnte property, movable and immovable, at Kiaochow is acquired by Japan free of all charges.

SECTION 5. MILITARY, NAVAL, AXD AIR CLAUSES. "To render possible the initiation of a general limitation of armaments of all nations Gorman;/ undertakes directly to observe the military, naval, and air clauses which follow": Tlie military terms provide for the demobilisation of the Herman armies and the imposition of other military restrictions within two months of signing the treaty (as a first step towards international disarmament). All compulsory military service is to be abolished in the territory, and recruiting regulations on a voluntary baais are. to b« incorporated

into the German military laws, providing for the enlistment of non-commissioned officers and men for a period of not less than twelve consecutive years, and stipulating that officers shall servo for twenty-live years and shall not be retired before the age of 45. No reserve of officer with war service will be permitted. The total number of German effectives is fixed at 100,000, including not more than 4000 officers, and it is provided that there shall be no other military ollicers raised outside that figure.

An increase in the number of customs and forestry officials or police, or military training of these services, is specially prohibited. The function of the Gorman army is to keep internal order and the control of frontiers. The high command is to eonfine itself to administrative duties, and will not be allowed to retain a general start'. The civilian personnel at the Ministry of War and similar institutions is to ibe reduced to one-tent/h of that in 1013. There will not be more than seven infantry and three cavalry divisions, and not more than two corps staffs. The surplus war academies and schools for officers, cadets, etc., are to be suppressed, and the number of students admitted to the schools retained for the recruitment of officers is to bo limited to vacancies occurring in the establishments. Provided the production of armaments, munitions and material of war in Germany is limited to a schedule baaed on the amount considered necessary for an army on the scale decided upon, reserves may be formed, and all existing armaments, guns, and stores above the limits fixed must be handed over to the Allies for disposal. No poisonous gas or liquid fire shall be manufactured or imported, nor any tanks nor armored cars. Germany is obliged to notify the Allies for approval the names and situation of all factories manufacturing munitions, together with particulars of their output. German Government arsenals are to be suppressed and their personnel dismissed. Munitions for use in fortified works arc to he limited to 1500 rounds apieec for puns of 10.5 centimetre calibre and under, and 500 rounds for guns of higher calibre.

maximum of a hundred unarms! Mft planes rip to October 1, I*l9, to be exclusively employed in searching for submarine mines. The entire peraomel of the air forces in Germany ii to be demobilised within two months, exceptarf tor a total of ten thousand men, indn44y tug officers, who may bo retained up teif? October. The aircraft of the allied add ** associated Powers jare to enjoy fall ' liberty of passage and landing over and in the territory and territorial waters of Germany until January 13, 1923, , unless prior to that date Germany is admitted to the I>ague of Nations, aflSb !■ admitted to adhere to international 'ajr • convention. The manufacture of aircraft, and parti J of aircraft is forbidden throughout Ger* I many for six months. ■ 1 All military and naval aircraft, inolud- A ing dirigibles and aeronautical material, | are to be delivered to the allied add associated Governments within thftw months, except for ten seaplanes already specified.

GENERAL. The general articles provide -:for tbC modification of the German laws in conformity with the preceding clauses. All the clauses contained in the Treaty are to be executed by Germany under the control of the inter-allied cominjesions to he specifically appointed by tfce allied and associated Governments, far which Germany will pay the upkeep. Tho duties of military, naval, and aeronautical commissions of control are laid down in detail. .".."•:"--

Germany is prohibited from manufacturing armamonts and munitions for foreign countries and from importing them from abroad. Germany must not maintain or construct anv fortifications situated on Germany territory loss than fifty kilometres east of the Rhine, and in the above area no armed forces, cither permanent or temporary, may be maintained. The status quo is to be reserved in respect of fortifications on the original southern and eastern frontiers of the German empire. No military manoeuvres mar lie held, nor any permanent works kept for purposes of helping mobilisation. Tim demobilisation of fortifications must take place within three months.

NAVAL TERMS. The raval terms provide that within two months the German naval force in commission must not exceed six battleships of the Deutschland or Lothringen type, six light cruisers, twelve destroyers and twelve torpedo boats, or an equal number of ships constructed to replace them. No submarines arc to be included, and all other warships arc to be placed m reserve or devoted to commercial purposes. Germany may keep in commission a fixed number of mine-sweeping vessels until the mines within certain specified areas in tho North Sea and Baltic have been swept up. After the expiration of two months the total exclusive personnel of the navy must not exceed 15,000, including a maximum of 1500 officers and warrant officers. All German surface warships interned in Allied or neutral ports are to be finally surrendered. Within two months certain additional warships enumerated in the treaty and now in German ports will bo surrendered at Allied ports. The German Government must undertake the breaking-up of all German surface warships under construction. Auxiliary cruisers, etc., are to be disarmed and treated as merchant ships. Within one month all German submarines, salvage vessels, and docks for submarines, capable of proceeding under their own power or being towed, must have been handed over at Allied ports. The remainder and those under construction must be broken up by Germany within three months. The material arising from breaking up of German warships may not be used except for industrial purposes, and may not be sold to foreign countries except under specified conditions for replacement. Germany is forbidden to construct or acquire any warships, and the construction or acquisition of any submarines whatever is prohibited. Vessels of war are only to have a fixed allowance of arms, munitions, and war material. All excess of arms, munitions, and war material is to be surrendered, and no stocks or reserves are allowed.

The personnel of the German navy must be recruited entirely by voluntary engagements for a minimum period of twenty-five consecutive years for officers and warrant officers, and twelve consecutive years for petty officers and men, under various restrictions. In order to ensure free passage into the Baltic, Germany is not to erect any fortifications in certain specified areas and not to instal any guns commanding the maritime routes between the North Sea and the Baltic. The existing fortifications within those areas are to be demolished, and the guns removed. The fortified works within fifty kiloi metres of the German coast and on the Ocrman islands are to remain, as being of a defensive nature, but no new fortifications may be constructed, and the armaments may not be increased. The maximum stocks of ammunition allowed for such defences arc 1500 rounds per piece for 4.1 guns and under, and 500 rounds per piece for guns oxceeding that calibre. The German wireless stations at Nauen, Hanover, and Berlin are not to be used for naval, military, or political messages without the assent of the allied and associated Government during three months, but only for commercial purposes under supervision. During the same period Germany is not to build anv more high-power wireless stations.

SECTION 6. PRISONERS OF WAR. The repatriation of German prisoMrs., and interned civilians is to be carriedtfnt* by a commission composed of tives of the Allies add tha Gennas Qgyeminent, together witli local sub-oomnJl« ■ sions. Uerma.ii prisoners of war interned civilians are to be returned without delay by the German aulhorltief At their own coat. Those undfjr aurftfpfy for offences against discipline codunitted before May 1, 1019, are to be repatri- • ated without regard to completion of their sentence, but this does not apply in case of oflences other than those agftinst discipline. Until tl.e German Government has surrendered prisoners guilty of offences against the laws and customs of war the Allies have the right to retain selected German officers. The Allies hare the right to deal at their own discretion wltli the German nationals who do not desire to be repatriated, and all repatriation's to be conditional on the immediate release of any Allied subjects still in Germany. Tho German Government is to accord facilities to commissions of enquiry in collecting information in regard to missing prisoners of war, and in imposing penalties on officials who have concealed Allied nationals. The German Government is to restore all property belonging to Allied prisoners, and there is to bo reciprocal exchange of information as to dead prisoners and their graves. GRAVES. The Allies and the German Government are to respect and maintain the graves of all soldiers and sailors buried on tJjeir territories, and recognise and assist Any commissions . appointed in connection with them, agreeing also to giro any practical facilities for removal and reburial

Germany will be allowed to repair the German submarine cables which have been cut but are not being utilised by the Allied Powers, and also the portion of the cables which, after having been cut. have been removed, or are, at any rate, being utilised by any of the allied and associated Powers. In such cases Hie cables or portions of cables removed or utilised remain the property of the allied and associated Powers, and, accordingly, fourteen cables or parts of cables are specified, which will not he restored to Germany.

SECTION * RESPONSIBILITIES FOR CRIMES 0¥ THE WAR Tbe Allies publicly arraign, the Emperor William II for a supreme offence agaiimt international morality at tile sanctity of treaties. The Emperor's surrender is to be atM for from the Dutch Government, and % special tribunal is to bo set up conafetiap of one judge from each of the five graft* Powers, The tribunal is to be guidV bv the highest principles of internatiotn? policy, and is to have the duty of ftdaf whatever punishment it thinks should be imposed. Military tribunals are to be set in by the Allies to try persons accused w acta violating the laws and customs of war, and the German Government is to hand over all persons so accused. Similar tribunals are to be set up by any particular Allied power against whoa# nationals criminal acts have been committed. Accused are to be entitled to name their own counsel, and the German Government is to undertake to fufnish all documents and information _the production of which may be necessary.

SECTION 8. REPARATION AND RESTITUTION., "The Allied and associated governments affirm and Germany accepts on behalf of herself and her allies the responsibility for pausing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and associated governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by aggression of the enemy States." While tho grand total of damages assessed against Germany may exceed her ability to pay, she undertakes to make compensation for all damages caused to civilians under seven main categories. (A) Damage by personal injury to civilians caused by acts of war directly or indirectly. (B) Damages caused to civilians by acts of cruelty ordered by the enemy, and to civilians in occupied territories. (0) Damages caused by maltreatment of prisoners. (D) Damages to Allied peoples represented by pensions and separation allowances capitalised at signature of this treaty. (E) Damages to property other Utan naval or military materials. (F) Damage to civilians by being forced to labor. (G) Damages in form of levies or fines imposed by the enemy.

THE AIR. The air clauses provide that the armed forces of Germany must not include any military or naval air forces. Germany in, however, to be y> maintain, %

The total obligation of Germany- to pay aa defined in the category of damages is to be determined and notified to her after a fair hearing, and not later than May 1, lfl-21, by an inter-Allied Reparation Com mission. At the same time a schedule of payments to fee dlgcluuged within thirty years shall be presented. These payments oro subject to postponement in certain contingencies.. Germany irrevocably recognises the full authority of this commisaionv and agrees to supply it with all information, and to pass legislation to effwtuate its findings. She further; agree* to ; _ ■". M^afe^f^

Permanent link to this item
Hononga pūmau ki tēnei tūemi

https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TDN19190509.2.26

Bibliographic details
Ngā taipitopito pukapuka

Taranaki Daily News, 9 May 1919, Page 5

Word count
Tapeke kupu
7,521

THE PEACE TREATY Taranaki Daily News, 9 May 1919, Page 5

THE PEACE TREATY Taranaki Daily News, 9 May 1919, Page 5

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