The Lusitania.

Taranaki Daily News, Volume LVII, Issue 285, 11 May 1915, Page 5

The Lusitania.

1399 LIVES LOST. AMERICA WILL NOT MAKE WAR. THREAT AGAIXST GKUMA.V SHIPPIXG., TIIREF. SUBMARINES KVADKD. Reccicvtl May 10, p.m. London, May 10. The, C'miard Company stares that the survivors of tlie Lusitania comprise 4ST passengers and '271 of the crew. The number of persons on board was 21Vi(), thus making tlie number of lives lost 1309. The Rev. "Mr. Harrison, a young minister who was returning to 'enlist, twice gave up his lifebelt to a young woman with a child. He narrates that he saw a foreigner witli lifebelts, and when another man seized one the foreigner cried like a child. '.Mr. Harrison, when thrown into the sea, swam to an upturned boat wliie'i was supporting forty-eight others, men, women, and children, and was floating head. downwards. All around there were many who had lifebelts, and forty-nine clung to the bout for two hours. Passengers state that during the latter part of the voyage the Lusitania's course was frequently changed. A member of the crew told a passenger that the vessel had dodged three siibinarims. The Daily Chronicle's New York correspondent opines that President Wilson will not ask Congress to go to war ■with Germany, lie may notify that upon tin; recurrence of attacks on mm-1 combatants America will withdraw every restriction hitherto placed on the supply of arms and ammunition, and wil, even facilitate it, or may; withdraw the hospitality afforded to Germany's shipping.

The Cologne Gazette says tic news of the sinking of the Lusitania was received with unreserved satisfaction. It proves to the whole world that Germany is in earnest with her submarine war. The American public hitherto treated the dangers of a journey to Knshinil with arrogant frivolity, and have only themselves to blame. The paper concludes by recalling that the l.uMtauia, which was built to recover the blue ribbon of the Atlantic from the lleutsc'dand, has gone to her death through a German torpedo.

"DIVED LIKE A DUCK." VESSEL GOES DOWN QUICKLY. THE SCENE ON BOARD. London. May (l. The voyage was plea-ant and uneventful. ' -.Nobody believed that Germany would dure to outrage civilisation by tlu; destruction ol a liner full of non-combatants, many of them citixeus of nations with which Cermany was at peace. AfLer pas- - sin«' the Fastnet Lijjlit (oti Cape Clear), the slowed down and the boats were swim# out as a precaution. A sharp look-out was kept ;uid full spe< d ordered. *'!! kiusah\ tlie first torpedo entered the stokehold, causing :i terrific explosion. It was followed by another. The second torpedo sent .ureat column* of water and hu<ze quantities of wood splinters on deck. A hoat containing thirty passengers was tilte:l into the sen, to the rope sticking Altogether ten boats were successfully launched. Mr. YanderbiH, is considered to l)e dead. Mr. Frohman's body lias been recovered. Mr. F. S. Pearson. the American financier, perished. The survivors, while in the boats, saw a submarine's periscope after the Lusitama had foundered. Mr. V. (Inunthdt, of "Washington, interviewed. snid lie miiUed a b'iat whicll was beinjf lowered and swam to n piece of wreckage. This proved to be a collapsible boat, which he ripped (.pen with a knife. He and another pasfiengor entered. and both were enabled to rescue thirty people who were .ylinjj in the water. He noticed a cluster of women and children under men's protection on the Lusif nnia's port side, and as the vessel the little army slid down to the starboard side, | dashing against each other until they I Wore engulfed. There were forty-four I American survivors.

'Dr. Moore. nil Ainwican. sn.v* that at one o'clock they saw a submarine's conning tower on the port niili>, which appeared mill disappeared. Altering her speed, the Lusitania meanwhile zijr/.agged at. eighteen knots, aii'l presenile the submarine disappeared, ami the Lusitania, ceased to zig-zag. We sat, down to lunch, and about two o'clock heai'd a miilfle.l drumlike n-'i-e from forward. The ship trembled and began to list to starboard. Unless the iirst suborn fine had been able to tun rings round the Lusitania. there must have been a Second submarine hidden. Those en board heai'd 110 seeimd explosion. There »'ii, general e.\eiteini'!it in the second Miloon. lint it was soon .piicled. Hv the time they reached the deck tee list made walking di'tiicuH. Most of the passengers went to tile promenade deck, and within a, lew minutes (he rail was only twelve feet above the water. 'A stewardess si niggled on to 1 he promenade under a load of lifcbeli r l lie ship was set[ 1 iubow lirst. when I' l '. Moure eniei-ed a heal, which "nf clear. The boat, leaked, and was Willi hats. but. and .eved „ !ar : .-c .mm)., r. ■ MI a. -'.U'llts :■ a v i i■. 1 " e v.\ ; en . r:;'ir' The | a '>o!it:el'S a.el err'" ~s -a- oei "-n i l'c. 111. c>i"r:!'.;-(. and tti■ 1 i. ". T!.C | :' ea'.;er; lirii.lv believed [lie v.--,, I \v„aM m'[ e-'peciallv a 1.1:,. heilile. sile dii Is' " I '';' l e)' .| ;l f ; lei r ( ~, ' . , over f .\ lad v 1!:. 11 a u <.■ ; e =.. >. : ( ;■ . , - ne "■I ill" 1 .1 j ■ i I :! I] Ml. 1 lie v. i ! : I'l O" II :.'|e 11,. II ■uddeulv • i.e.. I ' ol' I" r oai, ... r - : L . .. | 1 ! out. ' '

PASSENGERS SEE SUBMARINE. .THOUGHT IT WAS A WHALE.. TWO TOKPFDOKS FlIiFI). YK-SSKfj-IMYKS DOWN. Received May 10, S.oO p.m. London, May If), The general opinion of the 'passengers is thai the limn- was steaming eighteen knots at the time of the disaster. Several passengers saw a submarine three hundred yards away, anil discussed tlie object. Some thought it was a whale, while another suggested a porpoise. ]t kejit pace with the Lusitania for fully a minute before it fired a torpedo. A second torpedo struck the Lusitania four minutes later. The vessel toppled over as though when in dry dock some under-pinning on the starboard siSe hail been knocked away. The boats on tlie port side were -full of women and children, but the list preventing them being launched anil the occupants were practically all drowned. There was little suction when tlie ship made a downward slide into tlie water like a diver. Otherwise many more would have been drowned.

A FAMILY'S PLIGHT. MOTH Kit AXI) FATHER LOST. SOXS SAYED, BUT PENNILESS. Received May 10, S p.m. London, May 10. An American family named Gardner, the lather, mother, and two sons, who intended to settle in England, were on board. When the torpedo struck tlie vessel, the mother fainted and went down with the vessel, the father and sons being thrown into the sea. A boy of sixteen wa3 sucked down, and when he came to the surface he was pul'ed in a beat, and found his father lying prostrate on the bottom. The father did not recover. When the lad readied (Jucenstown there was a dramntie meeting with a brother aged twelve, who was rescued by another boat. Their tickets were lost, and they- are penniless and friendless.

WOMEN DRIVEN MAD. SOME 110i:i;iFYIN(l SCENES. CAPTAIN HE MAI X,S TJ; THE END. Received .May 10, 10.50 p.m. London, .May 10. The captain, when the water was nearly Hush with the bridge, turned to the man at the wheel ami said: 'Now try and save yourself. You have no further business 'acre, tiood-hye.'' Tlie captain remained on the bridge. There were some instances of women recovering consciousness after they wort rescued by boats, who asked for their children, and, not, finding them, went almost mad. '1 he crowded boats moved over the sea among hundreds of persons clinging to wreckage. It was horrifying to see hands slip olf the wreckage and the victims disappear with despairing erics. Lady Allan, wife of Sir Montague Allan, head of the Allan Line, was rescued, but her daughters, aged fourteen years and one year, were drowned.

Mr. Cassleler, a leading wine merchant, was rescued. He lost £-100,<)C0 in securities.

A SURVIVOR'S EXPERIENCE. PEOPLE SCRAMBLE TO A BOAT. IT UPSETS EIGHT TIMES. Received May IS), 7.10 p.m. London, May i). A .steward who was on the Lusitania stated that Mr. Yanderliilt was oil deck when the torpedo struck, tie afterwards gave a lifebelt to a lady passcn-1 ger. .Mr. (Icorge Kesscl, the so-called Champagne King, was host at a freak dinner at the Ilotfd Savoy, lie slates he saw the trail of a torpedo thirty let I away, and then felt a thud, but he did not believe at the moment that the ship would sink, lie was in a boat on the opposite side to the list, and a minute afterwards reached the water. The Utsitania, which was almost nprijrht a few seconds before, gave a lurch away and the keel of the vessel caught, the bottom of his boat, Thirty people were thrown into the water. "1 sank anil thought 1 was gone, but I rose and floated for ten nihilities. I managed to clamber into a snird! collapsible lifeboa.:, Iml; this overturned eijjlit timetii'oiiLih jH'ojilc in. IU-fore v.*.♦ w.'rc jut/krd up six out <>!' niim in i \\\w dead.'-

GERMANY REJOICES. TliK ,iCT ,irST!Kllvl). IVnio, .May 0. Tlir sinking (il ihi' lias been •''cln in.m| with fiivat jny in Or many 'll -\n-.(.'ia. In the I;hilli' towns .1a;;s := llyin,'.:. It is staled that tlto Kaiser <i l<Tnl die school children to bo. pi von ;■ hali'-ht.MJay. Tile ii;;:-nriiy id (!eri,!au -papers do not express reprot J'or 11 aad nf:t luf'.lt'ioil i-v [\y \v> i:;/''! a::d children, 'i ■" = *.* :n id that, as (he Americans Were !' •■warr-ed i,'i Hie ■ ■-1-* <;f []j ( > voyage, '• !;rav i'l /vi\-.• H'f: 1 , id wwv ■ ! : '• 'l'v IVrHniT I .^tali l :-- iliiiu i' l ' !•:' ' v.us an ai: v'.i.wy eruisev ' -i l . % ■ ly a;t,;:t.■,; '.v.iii am[ ■;' ■' ;ha ii :iiiv (ien'.iini idler, I iiero- " I I.;ive ■;i prepared I'm' I■'' l ■' * -!!!" : :! V; .• Mat J Mi; J. ■ '' •' i'« l ; i lear:a ! thai ■ ■■" I■■ -1 V'." -i' V. ' m; ■!! M e\' " :- iI ; i In;- :.e\ t Ti' 'v ! ' ■ i v. i !:e ' ■■■■ : : ■■! ,-V Id io ' ' : i'y; l :. 11 \va; ' w ' 1 ': ; t { ;,!<;]•(' ! ]'" <■;| ]] \ SliCieH 1 r;l ! (Wv Slipne'X A.IM!'i!OT CuV. '• nn*?>{. ! Siippoi-s for ]<Vet i Vi-lvrj- ami ('nWril S;i(i,, anil i t'lau' I'lvi'iiiu" Shoe?,. fl '. ii.e. BOOT COF,

AMERICA'S ATTITUDE,

NO CHANCE OF WAi;. Washington, May f). Senators closely in touc'i with President Wilson assert ibat there is 110 chance of the United States making war oil Ccrmany. One reason is that the United States is unable to dispatch an army to 'Europe. Another is that the 1 nited States Navy would Ibid nothiit:r lo do, owiiijr to tne liriti.sh bottling the (ierman fleet: Senator llorali asserted that when Americans were killed anil robbed in Mexico the United States regarded it calmly. She Avas unlikely, there/oi'e, to do anythim; in face of the similar occurrence on the Lnsitania. New York, May !•. There is much de|)ression throughout the city. The 'American liner Philadelphia, however, departed for Europe with cabins full. Count Bernstorfl' has hidden in a hotel and guards are placed at the door. WHAT CAN AMERICA DO? WAlt AVII.L NOT MEND DISASTER. Received May 10, 8 p.m... London, May 10. Mr. TCessler said he considered the Lusitania's speed ought to have been greater. It was ex'pected that destroyers would protect the vessel when she reached the war zone. It was the greatest iiiu.'.ler the world had ever knpwn, but what could America do? How would going to war mead matters?

THE PASSENGERS SAVED. Tire rush for Tin-; boats. Received May 11, 1 a.m. London, Hay 10. From tlio Lusitania 105 first-das* passengers were .saved, o.') second-class, and eight third-class. The only officers saved wore tlio first and second. The second and third engineers were also saved. "Mr. Hugh Lane, Mr. Klein, end M'-. Stackhouse arc, still missing. There was a harrowing si-ht when at least tliirtv babies v.'rye laid out 0!l liie floor of the temporary morgue at yneenstown. 'lipJitijli tlie quickness of (he <1 ■;ter gave some justifiention, peo;'!; 1 p:ish -cj into fhe crowded ])oats despite the e!"."s of women and children first. A boat was lowered which contained mails and steerage passengers, and capsized, .Most of the, collapsible boats reaiained fastened.

FURTHER DETAILS. THE BOATS I.MI'jvUILLED. "THE MADMAN OF EUROPE." APPEAL TO '.VMERIC'ANS. Received May 11, 12.-10 a.m. London, .May 10. "When tlie boats on the starboard side were safely launched, there was a terrible danger owing to the superstructure slowly descending. The funnels and tlie davits killed many persons, and also fouled several boats. New York, May 10. Oermany is generally described as the mailman of Europe. It is suggested that tlie neutrals should combine to bring him to his bearings. The Tribune demands that <;crniany should renounce the policy of assassination, otherwise she must be forced to do so. Thev should rot need to avenge the dead, but to defend the living. Mr. AVickersliam, ex-Attorney-fiereral, appeals to the people of the United States to abandon the present si" less policy and cancel relations with flermany. An extra session of Congress will appropriate an extra 250,000.11(10 dollars to put the country in'a condition to protect her rights as a neutral, civilised I'ower. Tlie Herald says the gravity of the situation is not' matched in American history since the Civil War. Tlie colossal cold-blooded outrage will cause swell a blinding white-light of indignation in the neutral world that there cannot conceivably be any thought of Washington turning its hack from the Note of February 10th.

AUCKLANDERS MISSING. -MR. AND' MRS. J. C. MACK-Yv. Received May 11, 1.10 a.m. London, Mav 10.' With the exception of Mrs. Learoy.t: anil maid all the Niagara's list cabled on ' Saturday are missing;. Mv. and Mrs. ,T. I; Macky (of Ai\v,k-. laud) are, missing. AN AUSTRALIAN SAFE ■Wellington, Last Xgllt, Cabled advice .reached Wellington t day that Mr. (!jorge 11. Tinton, ;:viiei',i] manager tor Australasia of (lie Royal Insurance Company, who was a passenger on the Lusitania, bad lauded safely and was in Dublin. Mr. Tin ton is well known in Nwv Zealand insurance circles. ANOTHER STEAMER WARNED. A CI'XARDER MARKED DOWN. Received Mny H), io.."i'< p.m. is«w York, Mav in. The Cuiiard steamer 'l'in;; <l;i,ji ; i is saaling with 87l» passengers. Only twelve cancelled their passages, A Herman advertisement v.at:iiin>- pn«. senders reappeared in the newspapers.

' AX INQUIRY ORDKRKI). ! l-mnlon, May M. An inquiry has hren < rd. red n 1 ill,U' 11w circumstance-; til' 1 !,e hi,-.- m to' iaisiUinca. J.oi'd 'MeVM'yi will k The ii](|i!rs|-, mi one cf v! ' (he d'(-;\-fev h:-'; ; <?IH e:i>ti»\vn. Th.e I'ciV::; i' . ' e.| (it was ;i ca-e of a. pev.-e- -r----!ike e11I;ii!i- an n- - .-■eny.er \'es--rl withm-i. 'i'!:c WL\S ad j 01!:ed. Tin' Lord Ma.vov (J ;' !;•«'.!- ; ■ : ■,*, > a •; apji.'a! f:.i' a. 11-1 i.■ (' ! 1 .• • i ! :e ..I a;;t'ii ii iirV - f* ; ; er| Mi'irdev cf <•'' i- . ■ ■■• ' , ;• •- j •« ;i;vv-; "m nn on; : 1 > ' in, i ':e iiiih' nj' l.l'e ci-. sl'-'e 5 :i • ! ' T t \ -iMil-; da/ed and 1;, ■ i " f / .. j t!u- iqnunlous : 'y. V':.' ine-r | sii'mis ami dasrai'd ll ' mi.-at! the lieai't of every individual. I

WOKLD-WIDI2 INDIGNATION'. YiKWS ON TIIJI DISAST.IvIi. London, May 0. A number of Cerium. s»ho!>o :>t Liverpool »hw wrccke.;, «iij tiivuty raiders arrested at Lvenoi;. Their comrades cmha'.e-rot t.i ~>(,'!• then, but till! I'olitu isl.-vcr. •• I ti i:>!) v.-itli the'r batons. \ f c'cmslk-w of London Stock hvu-;.;',' t'.;vi.> 1 forcibly to refuse admission to German members. Washington, .May 1). At (lie opening of tin; Horse Show, visitors protested against girls selling the Kaiserblooili (the cornflower), the German national flower. Several tramp'ed on tlie flowers and ejected the sellers. Paris, Mav i). Mr. Shoningcr. ex-president of UnAmerican Chamber of ('onimol'oo interviewed, said the chamber would consider reprisals by boycotting' everything German. Nmv York, 'May 1). Count liernstorlVs warning, cabled on May 2, has reappeared in the newspapers. Many persons at Washington received letters from dllcials in Germany asserting that Friday was tixed to destroy the Lusitanin. Amsterdam', May 9. German rie\vspa])ers state that as the Litsitania was armed it was impossible fur a .submarine to rescue the passengers. Simla, May !). r lhe uof gases has caused indignation throughout India, but the loss of the Lusit.ania has aroused an indescribable feeling of horror. Sydney. May 10.

The Herald, ill a leader, says tliat the .-'inkiny of the Lusitania is none the less murder because it must be attributed to a Government and not to an individual. The result of the progress of science in Germany has been to arm soldiers with a weapon more cruel than any in tile annals of warfare. Oncethe scales of war are turned against them they will find that a nation which sets itself above every law of human instinct has all mankind as her enemies. The Telegraph, in a leader, beaded "Crime of the Ape," says that the Germans have openly limited the moral sense ot the whole world. She lias probably come to the conclusion that fhe present Government of the United 'Cites wi'l ri<-■■■■ declare war on C.eri"any, no ' ■ what outrages she comtherefore there is no solicifole ior Americans abroad. The World v.'l! not lie satisfied, nor the principles of eternal justice vindicated, until the author-, of the deed arc brought to trial rud to the supreme punishment for the. o.'ime of wllfn, murder. London, May A. French, Hatch, ami Danish newspapers outspokenly denounce Germany's callous warfare against humanity. The Journal des Defeats asks whether Gi rmaiiv is not seeking to set the whole world airaiiMt her, with a view to finilcveiise for inevitable capitulation. Swedish papers express unanimous condemnation, and even the Germanophi'e organ. \'ya. .Ulohanda. -es the sin':imr of a great liner simply because it is Lrilish as an unpardonable crime which will evoke a crv of horror and indignation throughout the civilised world. Norwerrian paper* ex-pros* detestation (■■f the crime. The MorgetMad savs that the Germans meant to terrify. ' They have terrified friends, and terror breeds hate. German trade will feel this keenIv, especially in America, when the war is over.

xkw zkalaxd's sympathy: "Wellington, Last Night. 1 ho Primp Minister forwarded the following telegram to his Kxcelleney the wovcrnor yesterday;—"[ sir,ill bo glad if your hxcellency will be so good us to communicate by telegraph with the' Seerelary of State for the Colonies and iisk him on behalf of the ('Overnment and citizens of New Zealand to convoy to till' people of the United Kiligdotn' and ('specially to the relatives and friends ->i those who perished in the sinking of the T.i'sitania, New Zealand's sympathy with them in the sudden and dreadful blow which lias fallen and our horror and detestation of the foul and dastardly crime which has been committed (signed) \Y. K Masscy."

A WAXfiAXUI PROTEST.". '' Wanganui, Last Xight. At a meeting of the Chamber of Com-' nurce to-night the following resolution was curried:—"This meeting of Wanganui citizens expresses horror at the l:\test (Irrman outrage and while recording fiyiupntliy with the relatives and' bereaved urges the adoption of reprisals to prevent a recurrence of such barbarities.-' A copy of the resolution will iw forywrded to the Premier. ! A MAGNIFICENT LINER. LUSITANIA DESCRIBED. : Hie Lusitania and'her sister-ship,, the, ; Maurctania, were built for the distinct 'purpose, among other things, of winning hack for Britain the "blue ribbon" ■ of the Atlantic, held for ten vears prior to I'.IOT by tha German liiiers. This they easily did, >;< d have since remained' the fastest of ilie great liners. It is no exaggeration to state that the Lusitania at the time of her launch represented.the most important advance in size and sjnvd which had been made in the history of steam navigation—always excepting, of course, Urunel's great ship, the (.'rent Kastern. With an indicated horse-power of about (w.OIK), with a displacement of -15,000' tons, and a speed ol over '-hi knots, the Lusitania when she made her first appearance was about 5C per cent, larger, two knots faster, and of double the- horse-powei of her nearest competitor. The principal dimensions of the ship were: <!rot«3 tonnage. 31.5.") l» tons. I foi'sc-power, (iS.nOI). ■Spe;id. -JiS.ri knots. I.el.gill, 7M.") feet. I'.readth, fiS feet. Lmught, 3.lft. Ohi, First-class passenger >.;• uv, .">!0. Sicoiidehis-: p.i--eager space, -ff>o. I'lii/.1-eln-s \ a.- . ilgcr space, 1S(K». Crc.v. S:M. f"-! .L'l.Wi.OOn. The I nsitania ","d her sister-ship were built with the assistance, both .p'oiV.'.-ion.il en.l !'».««. hll. of the llrii isli AdmiraUy. (he' < 'ieeniinrnt adve'iiiug ihe n-" ; e'-'i!-y sum of about bj.OO.W) for (heir coast rue! ion. and gasnieT'-r.a" :! i] -Man; 1 ! sum of UT'.Oi' l per --hip hi r»n«ii!i ration of Ihem t-arry-i - <' f i; 1"'! . ' Ih-li] aviuhtJi 1 !- a ; " ■- ■!' t u r.ill-,1 u-.-;. ■ ; j.r j 1( jlvir coii-Lniciiuu ■' '■ ; ' ; • V;);! 1 i ITli'Vl* t 'ifill • ■••.1 •: ■-n •.» v:ihjx •r'v/.-.. ■ i ; I "'' i{ vns na,.., - ! . 1 ;" (< r f- -ir i \\r ; ' ' 1 ' 1 UM he \wU J i ■' '« ;! »'V slionl.l :v i fVr tbi> } •' ' . ,j ih ( l - , o"M' •_ !"■■ ■:■ '! ; ■ ■- } 1 liy It'Di '"''l <''■(ii.ll is a | f,\ tf n -t

1! 1 i ;>! o toca I ri| 1 nj irdv Ih-luw t iie water-lino. ami lliat tliore U spare for nlmnt twelve fwt. of mill ill tllo lnmlwrs e'doinlim; tin- full lenplli (if tlio oneine ami lioiler-roonis to msist tlio entrance of expiosi vo slu-lls. Tlio vessels are provided witli oitflit platforms for tlio liioimtiiifr of as many 011-oalil.re rapidfire 8-inch oaoii W lt-h ft velocity of

."no feet per second and a muzzle energy of about fiiifKt lout-tons. Ilia Lusitanin has, however, not been called upon by the Admiralty during tho war, and has been engaged in her regular service to New York. It lias been stated that she was unarmed. : In the ship's passenger accommodation a great advance was made on anything previously seen in the Atlantic. The most noticeable improvement was that because of the great beam of the s.iip the average cabin possessed oO per cent, more room than on any previous liner, and many luxurious features guch as passenger elevators, etc., were installed. The dining saloons and public rooms were decorated and furnished in a style of great magnificence, while numbers of private suites were provided for the use of the American millionaires. The l.usitania was also notable as being the first of the record-breaking liners on which turbine engines were adopted. She was built at the yards of John Brown and Co., and was supplied with Pardons turbines of 08,000 horsepower driving four screws.

LI'SITANIA COMPARED WITH TITANIC. Built t.o Admiralty requirements, the 'Lusitanin was fitted with a large nunibec of transverse and longitudinal bulkbeads, and with the Mauretania wan probably the safest ship afloat. She had'. -.J. "double bottom," extending the full length of the ship, and reaching lift, above the base-line as against the sft. doubhv Imttom of tho Titanic. The Titanic was divided up into water-tight compartments by l.j transverse bulkheads, situated at a distance or apart from bow to stern, .She was so designed: that any tu<; of these compartnients could he Hooded without endangering the safety of the ship. Her end came; however, by the fatal iceberg tearing a. long rip, or series of rips, in her side over a distance of about 200 ft.- and thus Hooding four compartments simultaneously. As the rip was above tier top of iicr cellular double bottom, that proved of no avail. The Lusitania 1 liau- thirteen main transverse bulkhead*, but was further divided lip by longitudinal bulkheads—of which the Titanic had none —into no fewer than IYo water-tight compartments. The vessel was built to be employed, if required, as a cruiser, and as no armor could be given lier to ensure her safety the. designers sought to secure this by a vary ample subdivision into water-tight compartments, and by placing all the machinery below the water-line. There Were longitudinal bulkheads between the coal bunkers and the engine-room, and the engineroom itself was again subdivided by two longitudinal bulkheads. To allow of communication between the variolic sections of the silip, 47 water-tight doors were fitted. There were only eleven such doors on the Titanic, but the much more extensive subdivision of the l.usitania made a larger number inevitable for the con\enient working' of the ship; The doors vrere automatically closed by hydraulic rams, operated by a lever on the bridge, pressure being maintained by two pumps in the engine room, which were knit continually under .steam.. It was tho custom on the ship to close all the doors at noon every day in order to make certain that the machinery was in perfect working order. If one of the two torpedoes exploded in the engine-room and destroyed the pumps operating the bulkhead doors, the compartments Would remain open, and water would ' flow throughout the vessel. The engine-room itself was protected by the wide coal bunkers, extending fore and aft on either side of it. W hen the attack ■ was made, tho ves>el was at. the end of lier long voyi'.ge across the Atlantic, and the bunkers would be comparatively empty, and the protection uilorded bv litem at a minimum. This is doubtless .why the attack was made at' the end' of an inward voyage, instead of the beginning of an outward one, when the protection would be at its imtx'iimim.

Tho Lusitania doubtless relied ltirp-ely on her "it'llt speed and extreme handiness in steering to escape Fiilhnnrine attacks. In her trials, for instance, 'slip was suddenly swung right about when travelling at '•>•> knots and made a complete-cifcle in "'/ 2 minutes with 15 degrees of hcim- a feat which only the . ttvo, i'mmiTlk's among the great liners would lie capable.