FARM AND DAIRY.

Taranaki Daily News, Volume LIV, Issue 10, 6 July 1911, Page 3

FARM AND DAIRY.

NOTES AND FACTS. Rend up-to-date agricultural literature and try anything new tentatively. Purchase all you require on the cash principle and obtain discount. Whether you are buying or selling, get all the information you want. All weeds damage the appearance of a farm and render it less valuable. Accurate knowledge on useful subjects is the best equipment for any num. Never let your horse know that he can successfully resist you. Never feed corn or corn meal to horses which are not in a healthy condition. Farm horses should be broken in at three years old, and given light work at first.

Late foals and comparatively short rations are factors in the success of pony breeding. The principal causes of sore shoulders are over-work, over-feeding, and ill-fitting collars.

At least half an hour should lie given the horse after it has eaten it!< oats before putting it to work. . Study the markets, and take advantage of them, whether buying or selling. It has been found beneficial to work the land after every rain, using the harrows or cultivator, according to the quantity of moisture in tnc ground. Too much must not be expected from heifers after their first calf, and a large proportion of. heifers may cause a low vield in a reallv valuable herd of cows.

A natural state, or as near a natural state as is obtainable, is necessary for brood mares, if a man would be a successful breeder. Above all things is room necessary. In these days when there is a tendency for people of limited experience to embark their little capital in the land it is well to give a word of warning on the subject of overstocking. The present is essentially the time of the specialist, and it is a matter of amazement that a greater number of our farmers do not engage more extensively in the breeding industry.

Of all over-stocking, over-stocking with slice]) and horses is the most farreaehing in its efl'eets, entailing the heaviest loss at the time and in many cases disastrous after consequences. There are no iron-clad rules in farming. Different locations, different soils different climates, different equipments, and different dispositions of men make necessary different methods of farming. When buying a cow it is advisable to buy a young animal. Be careful that she is in good, healthy, thrifty condition. A healthy cow has always 'a sort of dew on her nose, chews her cud pleasingly, and has a nice fine coat. The Danish peasant in his own banker. There are 536 co-operative banks in the country; the deposits amount to about £50,0(i0,000, and the depositors number about a million and a half—more than half the population. Those who keep mixed flocks of sheep cannot expect top prices for their wool clip. A sheep that is in good condition for growing a healthy fleece has a double value to the farmer, who then caters for the butcher and the cloth manufacturer.

Some very large m.'lngels were recently shown in Temuka grown by Mr. King, of Milford. Six mangels averaged about 401b apiece. These have been totally eclipsed by an exceedingly large specimen grown by Mr. Girtwrigiit, also of Milford. It is of the long red variety, and turns the scale at G4%11>. Farming land in the vicinity of Riverton still continues to increase in value. 1-ast week (,savs the Riverton Star) a well-known farmer refused £22 per acre for his far mat Jacob's River. Mr. Joseph Bowdeu, of Cortober House, Cootehill, Ireland, owns a ewe of the Roscommon type that has produced eight lambs within the past 12 months—four last year and four this. In his Border Leicester ilock live ewes produced 10 lambs. When many horses are bred in a confined space disease of one sort or another is not long in putting in an appearance. Or if it does not put in an appearance at first, when it docs come to the front its consequences are disastrous. There are over 22«,0Q0 hunters in the United Kingdom. Last year their value was returned at £.12,000,000, and the annual cost of their maintenance at O,<«)<>,<xm. Hunting is an expensive amusement, but, it is less expensive to tue fanner than to anyone else. Some cows appear to emulate ostriches. A cow that died in Ireland was found on post-mortem examination to contain a purse holding four sovengns, one hull-sovereign, a half-crown, threepence m coppers, and a railway el- Also a grass door-knob, three cartridges, and a quantity of black glass.

Hie linger tile |iro|i(irtion of nitrogenous compounds in the fo„,| the ~roatis Hi. tendency to in.rcaso in frame iini i i'.sii, but the maturing of the aninui .iLpc,ids jfi'dttly on the amount of cerU,,.i ,1 itrc.sLil)l<- non-nitrogenous coni:i the food.

Una season has been an excellent one (says the Gore Standard) for fattening «tock. Mr. ,7. Waddell (Miitaura) has year lattened over 4000 Jambs besides a. larrr,. number of ewes an,r wetheis. at Ins (!len Stuart Farm, and is at present tupping O IT 200 head of cattle on Uuni:», 1 Ins speaks well for the fertilJ (,v ..M.lie soil in the Ma ta lira district, i' lliouuh the summer months were X,S'' ore was ple,,t y of fM(I al < Kwe's milk is richer in solids than that of any of tlie domestic animals. Average ewe s milk contains over 18 per cent, of solids as against the 12 to 15% per cent, usually met witi j n the

milk of the cow. In addition to being rich in total solids, the milk of the ewe is also exceptionally rich in butter-fat, an average sample giving (iper cent, of fat, as against the V/, per cent, of tin; same constituent of the milk of the cow. If a calf is first fed on milk containing a high percentage of fatty material and then on milk deficient in this respect, the result is that the digestive apparatus of the calf is unfit to deal witli the latter. To prevent this mischief it is necessary to give the calves milk similar to that from 'which they are taken, or to give then oily material in place of the cream, such as linseed oil in some form. In treating an affected calf, in addition to castor oil, give loz of tincture of rhubarb to 2 drachms of bicarbonate of soda in a little warm water, and follow this with 20 minims of dilute nitro-hydrochloric acid 2 drachms oi tincture of gentian night and morning in a little linseed tea. ft is, of course, necessary to see that the patient gets suitable milk; otherwise the mischief is almost sure to recur.