FARM AND DAIRY.

Taranaki Daily News, Volume L, Issue 60, 24 September 1907, Page 4

FARM AND DAIRY.

Denmark has about 1300 creameries, and they make annually about 100,000 km of butter. Kvi-u with the greatest care that caul be u-ed In selecting calves there will be disappointments. A butter-maker cannot make good imti . v unless the milk or cream reaches :;is hands in good condition. j ''Churning temperature" means the i temperature of the cream at the time lit is put into the churn.

A regular system of providing cultivated fodder should be made the first consideration on every dairy farm.

A poor skimming separator will waste more cream in one day than a careful buttermaker will save in a week.

Some of the most successful dairymen never permit loud and harsh language to be used in the cow-yards or sheds.

The combination of a well-bred cow and a "scrub" dairyman is usually as unsuccessful as a union of the two opposite factors.

Canada is taking the lead in organised cow-testing. In Canada the number of cows under test approaches 5000, and is rapidly increasing.

Care should not only be exercised In feeding, watering, and stabling of dairy animals, but at milk-time care should be taken not to leave any milk in the udder.

Milk, as secreted in the mammary gland of the cow, is practically free from micro-organisms, but it is far from being so when delivered to the customer, and particularly if not promptly cooled.

Very rich cream is quite apt to paste or thicken in the churn, so that the concussion ceases. This can usually be corrected by adding enough water at the same temperature as the cream to dilute it.

The quality of the cow can improve only so fast as the quality of her owner improves. The education of the cowowner must come if we are to have a cow population that is altogether profitable.

Milk is composed of many different substances, which are placed under five heads, viz.: Water, fat, casein, sugar, and ash. EigKty-seven per eent. of milk is water, or about 81b in every 101b of its composition.

A stallion whose feet are contracted and brittle, and whose hooks are puffy and fleshy-looking, should be avoided. Such hocks are generally associated with coarseness throughout his whole conformation, and a general lack of quality.

The front feet and the hocks are the parts of either a draught or a light horse that come directly in contact with the hard work, and unless they are sound and good a horse's usefulness is much impaired, and his commercial value greatly lessened.

A correspondent of an American exchange has found that a light coat of sulphur sprinkled on seed com ivhen stored will protect it from rats and mice. He says that it will also prevent wireworms from working on the corn after it is sown. This might be worth trying

The Initial superiority of silage over most succulent foods for summer feeding is that it supplies the dairy with a uniform ration that tends to produce uniform milk. When a ration of green forage is fed there is a noticeable variation in both quality and quantity of milk produced. This fact is of no little importance to the dairyman who desires to make uniform butter.

The following is a record of a Guernsey cow, bred in England and sent to America. As a two-year-old she gave a yield of 9958.71b milk and 583.831b fat for the year. At four and a-half years old she gave 13,G36.81b milk and 714.11b fat, the average being 5.241b. She stands at the head of the two classes in which she was tested. She was lately sold for 4000 dollars, the highest price ever

The vajue of salt for the mangel crop has often been demonstrated, and was recently emphatically shown in experiments carried out on 11 farms in eight counties of Ireland.

The most profitable horse to have on th 3 farm is a good brood mare. She will raise a foal each year, and it will sell for a snug sum. With a little extra care the mare will do as much work as any horse. This is tlie kind that the average farmer wants and is the best kind he should get for his own beneBt. Have at least one good brood mare on the farm, raise your own horses, and some to sell.

An official report says that the cooperative movement in Siberia is being encouraged hy the Government and the agricultural societies, and that both large and small farmers show much interest in it. Many private dairy farmers have found it advantageous to discontinue dairy-farming on their own account and join the co-operative, concerns. Though a special organising committee, started for the purpose, thirtyfour co-operative concerns were formed during 1903, seventy-one in 1004, 118 in lflflfi. The co-operative dairies comprised in 1906 a total of 37,839 farms, belonging to 517 villages; they had 223 dairies, with 510 cream separators. The supply of milk amounted to 115,000 tons, from 182,359 cows, and the output of butter amounted to 5480 tons. In addition to the above dairies there are' in Siberia about 400 larger and 300 smaller co-operative dairies, which have nothing to do with the committee referred to, and which delivered about 1,000,0001b of butter last year.