ARRIVAL OF THE LORD WORSLEY. LATEST EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN NEWS.

Colonist, Volume IV, Issue 401, 27 August 1861, Page 2

ARRIVAL OF THE LORD WORSLEY. LATEST EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN NEWS.

■■♦.»- GREAT FIRE IN LONDON.

DEATH OF COUNT OAVOUR.

DEATH OF THE SULTAN.

ITALY RECOGNISED BY FRANCE.

CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

SEIZURE OF AN ENGLISH VESSEL

BY THE SECESSIONISTS.'

(From the Sydney Eerald's City Correspondent.)

London, Saturday, June 1. . Perhaps the most important item of news I have to communicate that will inteiest Australian interests, the most is this—that in the present state of New Zealand, while her Majesty's Government have thought fit to feappoirit Sir Geoi-ge 'Grey to the Governorship, it has no intention to suspend the Constitution of the Colony. The next matter which will bis. likely to attract attention is the.discovery^of a goldfield at Tangeer, about thirty miles from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to which a large number of diggers had at once proceeded. Should this discovery -be; as important in quantity and quality of the gold that it is reported to be, it will at once be seen that from the proximity of 4he gold-field to the seaboard with .the, easiest possible communication, accessibility =to the town and districts, &c., ,the throng of people is likely to be tremendous. Particulars, however, are still wanting; but there can be no doubt that some persons have been fortunate enough to derive a large quantity of the precious metal without much difficulty. Her Majesty's Government have received official notification of the American blockade of the ports of South Carolina and Virginia. Her Majesty's Government will recognise these blockades when carried in a regular manner—-that is efficiently^ by the presence of a sufficient navalforce to enforce the same. 1

There has been a grand • field-day' in the Commons, arising out of the Galway Packet contract, which has been cancelled by the Government, defended by.the Conservatives, and aroused the hostility of the entire Irish party, and all Ireland. The fight, however, has been ostensibly on the Customs and Inland Revenue Bill, on ih? clause for repealing the duty on paper. After a sharp fight, the Gbverhmeht obr tamed a majority of 15. f . The Indian Famine Relief Fund has reached £97,696, of which £95,000 has been sent to India.

The Metropolitan Board of Works say; that by the end; oflß(j2 the Sewerage that will be diverted from the Thames will be 50,000,000 gallons a day, exclusive of the rainfall. ' "

■ Prince Goftschakoff, the Governor. of Poland, died on Thursday, at Warsaw, and has been succeeded by', General Soukhosannett.

The American advices are of deep inte-^ rest. Charleston has been blockaded, and, British ships refused,admission to the harbor. Both sides of the combatants are preparing lor the coming conflict, one point of which will be Harper's Ferry,;where the confederate force isj strong/; witn the most formidable batteries mounted with the heaviest Golumbiads'- and Dahlgren guns., President Davis will command the Southern troops in person. The Fedei-alsthave thrown up earthworks all along the r^lrjoiadstfrbhi the North, through Maryland^ to Washing-/.< ton. Western Virginia has held a conyen-^ tion of delegates from forty counties, qiitbe' .subject of separation from the rest oMhe:State, and to form itself into ( *New Virginia,* ■ but amajonty of votes'was against it, and: in favor of a general convention,? to be held on the Jlth.. June, The*Governorß of Ohio' and Pennsylvania have pledged: themselves to protect the Unionists of Wes crn; Virginia. The Federal troops in Texas have* 1 surrendered to the Secessionists. The Kentucky Legislature has passed a resolution of neutrality, r <r:^tti^HV^-;^'; it;;i- - The Southern. Convention; or ponfeder^-; tion is greatly disappointed, because England does not give h^r.active sympathy; and the Federal Go\'e.rnmeht is becoming indignant, because England maintains strict neutrality insteadtof siding with her.; T : J^

The Federal Government has taken one decided step ; - she has signified to the Foreign ambassadors at Washington that • she will cease to hold intercourse with any Foreign Power which recognises any commissioners from the Rebel States.* In • other words, • her monkey' is up—her 'dander is riled,' and she spits fire and flames—all without reason at present, as no European Government thinks of receiving the Commissioners in their proper diplo^ i( matic character until the Secession is firmly;_; established.^ .

Saturday June Bth. . The. New Provinces (New Zealand) Bill has passed its third reading. The official appointment of Sir George Grey to tha Governorship of New Zealand, mentioned in my last week's dispatch, has been announced.

Sir George is at thfo moment Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, _ and his present appointment will cause great regret r to ; .the people of the Africrin cojonv.! J l"' '

Her Majesty's Government intend to interdict the armed ships and privateers of the belligerent Statesof America from taking their'prizes into any port or harbour of the United Kingdom or dependencies, and tho French Government will adopt thq samQ

course. Lord John Russell has addressed the Lords of the Admiralty, &c, on the subject, directing them to give instructions to carry out this decision of the Government. This decision carries out the policy of strict neutrality. The French Government has no less than twenty-one gigantic iron-cased frigates in course of construction, twelve of which are even larger than La Gloire, besides two line of battle ships pierced for 100 guns each, and ofa tonnage little inferior to our Warrior, thus making a total of twenty-four armourclad vessels of war. Against this formidable fleet, the English Government has determined to build five iron-cased ships of a very powerful class. A new Indian loan of £4,000,000 is announced. The administrative powers of India are to be reformed. Count Cavour is dead !He was taken ill on the 30th ultimo, and died on Thursday last, the 6th instant, more correctly speaking was murdered by bad medical treatment — that is, from and by the incessant and excessive bleedings. His illness was a very mild form of typhus fever, for which his medical attendants, four in number, prescribed no loss than six bleedings in twentyfour hours; it was not illness but doctors that killed him. Thus perishes one of the greatest patriots and statesmen of Europe of the present day, or any past age; a more able man the world never saw. On -him has rested the destinies of Italy, but though dead his policy like his name and fame dies no*, but lives to be followed by his successors. All Turin and Italy in fact is in mourning; the houses, shops, and Bourse, public buildings, &c, and the Legislative Chambers have been closed and works suspended. The President of the Chamber of Deputies, amid the profound grief of the Assembly, and himself overcome, on Thursday announced'the d«ath of Count Cavour, pointing out in that great national calamity the loss Italy sustains, and the signal services rendered by him. On Wednesday evening the King visited the Count Cavour and kissed him. He died in the arms of Sir James Hudson, the English Minister, tranquilly, and professing his profound faith in the destinies of Italy, the which he has been so instrumental before and beyond an}*1 man in forming and promoting. His death is more than a national loss to Italy—it is a great European calamity. The King has sent for Ricasoli and Ratazzi. The Northern Press of America discusses in a tone most insolent and highly hostile the determination of England to regard the Southern privateers as belligerents. This feeling, however, has been somewhat modified by the receipt of her Majesty's proclamation of neutrality; but a rancorous feeling has been aroused against this country. The present accounts from Washington, the seat of the Federal Government, of course, state that "it will declare war against any power which may interfere in the present dispute." The Federal Government has notified that it will accept the code of the European Congress of 1856 regarding privateers, in other words recognising the abolition of privateering. But in fair and strict justice to the North it must here.be observed that the refusal of America to adopt that code was entirely brought about by Southern men, the secessionists who were even then organising their plans of secession. The Federal Government has intimated to Spain that she will take possession of San Domingo at her peril, a threat which Spain can at this moment well afford to smile at, and one which pre-eminently shows the bluster and arrogance of the American cha racter, forgetful of how very unscrupulous she would be in obtaining possession of Cuba. The first decided forward movement of the Federal forces took place on tbe 24th May, when 13,000 troops crossed the Potomac into Virginia, and in three columns advanced upon and took possession of Alexandria, the Arlington heights, and Fairfax Court House, by which movement the Federals are in possession of the Virginian bank of the Potomac from Washington to to Alexandria, and in fact the entire line of the Potomac in Maryland, and the principal point on the Virginian side midway between Norfolk and Harper's Ferry. A Federal steamer has destroyed one of the batteries erected by the Seceders to guard the approches to Norfolk harbour, while Genera) Butler with nine regiments of Federal troops proceeded from Fort Montoe toSuvall's Point, where the Southern troops are in great force, but were obliged to retire. At Harper's Ferry the Confederate forces number some 9500 men, with 35 cannon. The Confederate Congress has ordered a loan of £10,000,000. The secession ordinance has passed the Legislature of North Carolina unanimously. Mr. Laing, has succeeded in overcoming the financial difficulties of India. He reduces the expenditure by £3,600,000, increases the revenue by £2,080,000, and with a small additional tax through the local governments obtains a surplus ofa quarter of a million sterling beyond balancing the revenue and expenditure—a feat which no man before has effected for some years. A meeting of American residents in Paris has been held to consider the present crisis in the United States, which has attracted a good deal of attention from the inconsiderate, foolish, and absurd speechifying of Mr. Cas--Bius Clay, the American Minister to Russia, who in referring to the civil war, spoke of the vengeance wnich is to fall on the rebels, and of the similar chastisement which is to fall on England if she sympathises with them! The Queen of Spain has been delivered of a princess. Sweden has proposed an arrangment for * ■^towwtf 9? Q diffidences between

Germany and Denmark on the Holstein question, which the German Powers will acceptwith some modifications. The Empress of Austria is once more very ill, having taken cold on her way from Trieste to Vienna, for when she arrived at Trieste the ' Bnra ' was blowing fiercely, and on crossing the Styrian Alps they were covered with snow. The Emperor of Russia having asked his Holiness die Pope to issue a Bull against the manifestation of ?he Poles, his Holiness refused, and threatened the Emp&ror with the judgment ol God for his persecution o( the Christian Church and the slaughter of unarmed people. The Sultan of Turkey is ill. Mr. Cobden has been presented with the freedom of the City of London. The Great Eastern has returned from New York. Anderson, the fugitive slave, has arrived in this country. There is to be a n^w bridge across the Thames at Lambeth, at a cost of £30,000; it will be ol iron. Blondin has commenced a series of twelve exhibitions at the Crystal Palace with great eclat. The Indian famine relief fund is now £102,000. Saturday, June 15. The Queensland Government Bill has passed through committee of the Commons. Sir John Trelawny, on Tuesday, moved a resolution on the affairs of New Zealand, when the House was counted out. A notice in favor of the recognition of the Southern Confederacy of America has been withdrawn by Mr. Gregory in deference to , the wishes of the House. ! The Duke of Somerset has assured the House of Lords that the Admiralty are taking all necessary steps to maintain the maritime supiemacy of the country. France has adopted the English policy of strict neutrality in the matter of the American difficulty, and has issued a proclamation to this effect in language more simple and plainer than our own. Baron Ricasoli has formed his Cabinet, and declared that their policy will be a continuation of that of Count Cavour. Count de Trapane, brother to the exking of Naples, has been married to the Princess Matilda, Duchess of Bavaria. It is understood that the death of Cavour will expedite the recognition of the newkingdom of Italy by France. The Syrian question has been settled by the appointment of a Governor of Lebanon for three years, who is not to be subject to dismissal without the joint consent of the Porte and the Great Powers. The accounts from India of the feeling of the people respecting Mr. Laing's financial schemes are most favorable. The establishment of an English school at Pekin by the Chinese Government is a matter of vary material interest in our future relations with the Celestial Empire. The American advices shew that the hostile feeling towards England exhibited by the North, is getting stronger and warmer, and if the matter were left to the decision of some filibusters, war would be instantly declared. The North is like the spoilt child that wanted 'to eat its bun and have it too.' Large bodies of Northern troops are marching upon Harper's ferry, where some 10,000 men of the Confederate forces are stationed. If they remain, a battle must take place. The dockyard and city of Norfolk have not yet been attacked. Western Virginia has declared against secession from the State of Virginia, but there is a majority in its favor on the other side. The blockade of New Orleans was commenced 28th May, and is being rapidly extended. The English Government has resolved upon reinforcing the garrisons in British North America, and the Great Eastern has been taken up to carry out troops to Quebec for that purpose. Munitions of war will also be sent out. The simple solution of this matter is to check any marauding bands from the United States, in the event of any violent display of hostility towards England. Saturday, June 22. The Queensland Government Bill has been read a third time and passed. The Church Rates Abolition Bill has been lost by the casting vote of the Speaker. A select committee is to be appointed to enquire into the circumstances connected with the postal contract with the Atlantic Royal Mail Steam Company. Allow me here to say that it was the intention of the company, in the event of meeting with success, to have organised a postal service wich Australia via Panama. France is about to recognise the kingdom of Italy. But until Italy can give her guarantees for the pacification, &c, of Rome, her troop 3 will remain there. Some efforts are being made to effect a reconciliation between Italy and the Pope, who, by-the-by, I should mention has been suffering from indisposition, but is ingIn a debate on the navy in the French Legislature, M. Dupay de Lome, the builder of the Gloire, gave some interesting, if not important particulars respecting the French naval forces present and to come, to the effect, in brief, that no more sailing ships are to be built; that the navy is to consist of Steam vessels ] 50 Ships of the lino 40 Fiigutes ;,, 20 Corvette? and advice bo.Ua .......... 90 Total, 300 The Emperor of Russia has, just by an Imperial decree, granted liberal and satisfactory reforms to Poland, and the military have been withdrawn from Warsaw. Poland is to have a councit of State of her own, and a commission to draw up new 1 laws is to meet at Moscow on the. Ist July,

Spain has announced her intention to also maintain strict neutiality in the affairs of America. Spain and Austria (!) have together proposed to Fiance that the question of the temporal power of the Pope be settled by the Roman Catholic Powers. To this proposal France has declined acceding. The Sultan of Turkey is so ill that physicians have been obtained from Paris. He is prematurely old by intemperance of all kinds, chiefly, however, in his devotion to his harem, the which he commenced forming when only 14 years of age. The native population of San Domingo have taken up arms against the Spanish rule, and are resolved once more to assert their independence. The good people of Jamaica have adopted a petition to her Majesty against the usurpation of San Domingo by Spain. There continues to be a highly hostile feeling in the Northern States of America against England, and entirely from a misconception as to her policy, the belietbeing that she is favorable to the Secessionists, which is noJ the case—on the contrary. Some of the New York Press are rabid on the subject, and the New York Herald perhaps the most so. It is endeavoring to excite the popular feeling and to lash it up into a state of fury which may lead to unhappy results. The epithets levelled against England are coarse and brutal in the extreme. The state of affairs in America by tha last accounts is just this. That the Federal forces are perseveringly making advances into Virginia, but no 'battle' has yet been fought—-merely skirmishes of the outposts; and from the varied movements, I imagine ' that there will be no great fighting at present; but that some effort will be made to permit of the expression of the general body of the people's views on the 4th July. This would be a wise stroke of policy in one sense. Let me here caution you about receiving, or rather believing the thousand-and-one rumors or reports circulated, both North and South ; the truth being that both sides * lie like Lucifer.' The Press of America unfortunately panders most grossly to the morbid passions of the multitude, the rowdies, or the roughs; and if truth will not suffice, they fabricate anything and eve; y thing to keep up the excitement, arouse the passions, so that their circulation may be increased, and themselves obtain a short-lived notriety and celebrity. The Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia, with their infant son, is about to visit her Majesty for some months' duration. The youthful Royal family have had the measles; also the Prince Leopold. M. Blondin each time he performs astonishes the people more and more. His exploits must be seen to be believed. Fan^y a man on stilts, and blindfolded, cutting a summersault on a rope some hundreds of feet from the ground, &c. In fact, he is safer even blindfolded, and on stilts, running or walking, &c, on the rope, than most men are on the ground. He performed last Monday, at Sheffield, in the presence of some 90,000 persons, when business was obliged to be suspended entirely, so great was the popular enthusiasm. Mr. George Bishop, the well-known astronmer; Major Charles Nasmyth, the gallant defender of Silistria; the Rev. Patrick Bronte, the aged father of the famed authoresses • Currer, Acton, and Ella Bell;' and Mr. John Murray, the Gretna Green blacksmith, the riveter of so many runaway love matches—have all died lately.

Wednesday, June 26,

The Sultan of Turkey died yesterday, at the age of thirty-eight, and is succeeded by his brother, Abdul Azim Khan, aged 31 years.

Her Majesty has instituted a new order of chivalry, called the 'Star of India,' with a sovereign grand master and twenty-five knights. The Earl Canning is appointed first Grand Master. The Nizam of Hyderabad, the Maharaja of Gwalior, Duleep Singh, Maharaja of Cashmere, Maharaja of Indore, Guiconar of Baroda, Maharaja of Putrata, the Begum of Bhopal, the Nawab of Rumpoie, are the Indian dignitaries nominated as Knights of this new order of merit, together with Lord Gough, Lord Harris, Lord Clyde, Sir George Russell Clerk, Sir John Lawrence, Sir James Outram, and Sir Hugh Henry Rose.

The Moniteur of yesterday contains the official announcement that the Emperor has recognised Victor Emanuel as King of Italy ; that in doing so the French Government will decline any responsibility in enterprises of a nature to disturb the peace of Europe, and that the French troops will remain in Rome so long as the interests which caused their presence shall be unprotected by sufficient guarantees. Baron Ricasoli in the Chamber of Deputies yesterday, at Turin, announced the Emperor's recognition of Victor Emmanuel as King of Italy, which decides the position of Italy in Europe.

He further observed that the question of Rome must be effected through negotiations with the Emperor Napoleon. The health of ihe Pope has improved. There is nothing fresh of importance from America except the capture of the first Southern privateer by the Federal navy. The question arises, what will they do with the crew ? The Confederate troops hitherto captured have been released on swearing fidelity to the Union. The same leniency should be showed in the present case or the most serious results are likely to arise to future people captured on both sides.

Lord Campbell, the Lord Chancellor, aged eighty, died on Sunday last. He was found dead in his chair. He is succeeded by Sir Richard Bethel.

His Lordship's death has been followed by that.of his brother-in-law, Lord Abynger, on Monday morning last, the following day.

The largest conflagration, and the most lamentable and destructive, since the gieat fire of London in 1666, broke out at Cotton's Wharf, Tooley-street, London Bridge, on last Saturday afternoon. The loss is £3,000,000.

Wednesday evening, June 26. P.S.—I had nearly, forgotten that a contract between the Government and the Peninsular and Oriental Steam' Company has been signed for the continuance of the Australian mail postal service, i. c., between Point de Galle and Australia. The contract is dated the 16th April, 1861. The mails are to be conveyed from Point de Galle via Melbourne to Sydney in twenty-two days, and from Sydney via Melbourne to Point de Galle in twenty-four days, with an extra allowance of £50 premium for delivery of mails in a less number of days. The subsidy is £134,672 per annum.