EUROPEAN NEWS

Colonist, Volume III, Issue 287, 20 July 1860, Page 3

EUROPEAN NEWS

TO MAY 18.

"■''. \YFrgmthe Sydney Morning EYeralYi, 'July Yd.) THE;arrival of the P, and 0. Company's steamer Salsette has placed us in possession of our correspondent's letters, and files of English papers. We are indebted to Mr. Ramsdert, the purser, for files of India and China papers. [from our correspondent.] : London, Saturday, April 21 st. The Divorce Court Bill has been read a second time. Its object is to give to the ordinary Judge the power of pronouncing a dissolution of marriage without the assistance of the Commou Law Judges^—in other words it simplifies the machinery of action. The Earl of Derby designated Lord John Russell's Reform Biil, as the "mostunsatisfactory, uhstatesmanlike, and unoonclusive 1 measure ". ever submitted to Parliament. Its effect would be to place the whole of the boroughs under the control of the working classes, —that there is a serious risk of the preponderance of this class, inclining to the establishment of democratic institutions, and the subversion of. the throne and constitution. Mr. Horsman has called the attention of Parliament to the state of our foreign relations, pointedly alluding to the "aggressive policy of France, and contending that the alliance with England will last no longer than suits the views of the Emperor, who has made us his dupes, and will end in making us his victims." L.-rd John Russell, in reply, said that her Majesty's Government had expressed to the King of Sardinia tbat the transfer of Chablais and Faucigny is injurious to the interests of Europe and a disturbance ofthe settlement of 1815 (Vienna treaties); but that we could not say to the one that he should not cede his territory, or to the other that he should not accept it. This was also the view that Russia took, which had stated thatit was a matter which entirely concerned the two sovereigns of France and Sardinia. The question now to be considered was "how to maintain-.;the neutrality of the ceded territory in the sense in which the Great Powers wished to establish it." France had consented to submit that point to the decision of a Conference. M. Thouvenel has informed the representatives of the Powers who signed the final act of the treaties of Vienna of the nature of the reception which France will give to the circular note of the Swiss Confederal tion respecting the convocation of an European Conference. He observes that it was not until the King of Sardinia had formally taken possession of Lombardy and the treaties of Zurich had been signed and ratified, that France and Austria formally addressed an invitation to the Powers who had signed the treaties of Vienna to assemble at a conference, in order to make known to them the territorial arrangements which had resulted from the cession of Lombardy to Austria, which cession Austria consented tp. No power haying then objected, France will follow the same course. When, therefore, the cession of Savoy and Nice, freely consented to by Piedmont, shall have been sanctioned and ratified by universal suffrage of the inhabitants, and by the vote of the Sardinian Parliament, France will take possession of those provinces, and immediately after will consent to the assembling of a Conference, for the purposebf receiving a communication of the treaty concluded between the Emperor and Victor Emmanuel, France will also be writing that the Conference shall examine the following question :—• ._ '•'ln what manner are the rights of France irrevocably acquired through the cession of Savoy and Nice, by the King of Sardinia, to be reconciled with the guarantees •tipulated by the treaties in favor of Switzerland?" It may be understood that the Conference is to-leave the treaty intact* Here you have the gist of the entire question of Savoy, as it now stands. The Italian question has been disposed of, and it only remains to reconcile the sovereignty of France over Chablais and Tuscany with the guarantees of their neutrality secured by r the treaties of Vienna in 1815. The Emperor unquestionably must be acknowledged to be a most clever statesman. He has effectually cut the intricate knot of difficulties connected with the settlement of the Italian question asunder; Sardinia having acquired Lombardy, Parma, Modena, Tuscany, and .the States *pf the Church, cedes to France, as a sop in the pan, her Swiss territory, by which France secures to herself a free, unfettered, uninterrupted passage across the Alps. The voting in; Nice city has resulted in 6810 for annexation to France and eleven against it. The result in seventy communes is already khbWn \ and the resul cis similar. In Switzerland considerable agitation prevails on the question of Savoy. The great Powers have all given in their adhesion for a Conference. The Sardinian Senate has passed the bill for the annexatipn of : Tuscany by seventy votes to two, and that for the Emilian Provinces by sixty-two to ten. Sardinia, has officially published that the cession of Nice to France was absolutely necessary, in order to obtain from the Emperor the guarantee of Lombardy and the Duchy of Parma. France, however, refuses to guarantee to Piedmont the other annexed provinces of Tuscany and the Le-<----gations—but which the King, of course, accepts on his own responsibility.* . Cardinal Antonelli has addressed all the foreign representatives accredited to the Papal government a protest against the

incorporation of the Legations with Pied-^ mbtit; arid hopes that the powers of Europe will refuse to recognise tho annexation, and also co-operate to put an end to such spoliation. Such is a brief but cleat- exposition of the entire Savoy and Italian questions as they now stand, and of the general position of affairs. Revolutionary movements in Sicily are increasing, but the troops at present appear sufficient to keep it down. General Ortega has been condemned and shot at Tortosa. A petition to the Queen of Spain from his son for mercy was not responded to. Lord Elgin leaves London on Wednesday next en route for China on his second mission. A commission has been appointed to arrange with the French Government the practical defects of the Treaty of Commerce, and the Board of Trade has invited the Chambers of Commerce throughout the kingdom to meet the commission and express their views and wishes. The Red River settlement, founded by Earl of Selkirk in the centre of British North America, is to be made a -colony of the Crown. The Society of Arts are actively employed in securing guarantees for raising £250,000 (the minimum) for the International Exhibition of 1862. The Earl of-Talbot's accession to the in« heritance of the estates and earldom of Shrewsbury, has been celebrated in Staffordshire with great festivity, the closing scene of which was the Earl's taking formal possession of Alton Towers. He is now the premier Earl of England.

London, Saturday, April 28th.

Lord Normanby, on Monday last, in the Lords, brought forward the question of the private correspondence between her Majesty's Ambassador at Paris and the Secretary of State of Foreign Affairs, on the annexation of Savoy, declaring that the practice was injurious to the public service, and calculated to withold important matters from Parliament. Earl Cowley, who had arrived expressly from Paris to be present at the debate, stated that the correspondence in question related to unofficial conversations between Count Walewski and himself in the summer and autumn of last year; that it was not until the 10th February last that he received from the French Government any official communication of their intention to annex Savoy, which communication was at once forwarded to the Home Government. The Count de Montemolin and his brother Ferdinand have been captured at Amposta, near Tortosa. It is said the Spanish Government will bring them to trial before the senate, but that there will be no more bloodshed. France expresses herself ready to accept any new combination the Conference may suggest, in order to secure the.neutrality of Chablais and Faucigny, provided that it does not call in question' the cession of Savoy. Baron Bruck, the Austrian Minister of Finance, dismissed for complicity in the system of fraud discovered lately to have been practised on the Imperial Treasury, to the extent, it is believed of £3,000,000, has committed suicide by cutting his throat, after taking poison. The belief is that Baron Bruck is innocent, but has been made the scapegoat. The King of Sardinia has, for the present, abandoned the idea of assuming the title of the " King of Italy," in consequence of the friendly advice of France, which has represented that the change or assumption of title would only complicate the existing international difficulties without giving any practical advantage to Piedmont. The Count of Syracuse has addressed his nephew, the King of Naples, on the state of affairs, and the policy he ought to pursue, declaring that the realisation of the principle of Italian nationality -is inevitable. Piedmont having invited t,nd developed that idea, and pointing out that Austria has lost her influence and power, while analliance between Naples and France is impossible—declaring, further, that the present policy ofthe king is highly dangerous, and urging his majesty to grant a constitution to his people, and to conclude a treaty with Piedmont. This is very sensible advice, but it is probable that the King will prove insane enough to reject it, and continue his present cruelly oppressive policy, which is adding fuel to the flame, and assuredly laying the foundation for his own downfall. In Sicily .the revolutionary movements continue, and the Government has been compelled.to send more troops to operate against the insurgents. Lord Elgin has left London for Marseilles, where he will be joined by Baron Gros, and both proceed to Suez en route for China. Advices from the Celestial Empire announce that the Chinese are making great preparations for the renewal of hostilities. There is a rumour that of the four vessels, which proceeded to the Peckeio River, i bearers of an ultimatum, two have been sunk jby the forts on the Peiho River. The truth is very doubtful, and the Government have no advice of the fact. ; The Colombo Observer points out that the paper currency of Mr. Wilson for India will be very beneficial; and that if gold is made a legal tender it will prove advantageous to Australia. . . ; Accounts from the Cape of Good Hope state that -great excitement prevailed, in consequence of the arrival of thirtjr .men from Western Australia, upon a conditional pardon. \A determination was expressed to pass an Act to exclude such persons from the Cape settlement. The United States Government purpose more effectually suppressing the slave trade.

Russia has ordered her diplomatic agents to leave Pekin during the approaching hostilities, as she desires to avoid being accused by either France or England of aid T ing or counselling the Chinese. Prince Albert has expressed his intention of contributing £10,000 to the International Exhibition when £240,000 has been sufcscribed. The chief cashier ofthe Union Bank of London has been . discovered to have committed frauds to the extent of £263,000, by means of a false pass bopk-~one he kept for the Bank of England, the other for the ledger clerk of- the Union Bank. The first being the true one, showing the daily balance of cash, and the other what ought to have been the balance. The whole of this money has been lost in speculation. By direction of Cardinal VYiseman there have been collections iri London, on account of the Holy. Father. Captain Vine Hall has been appointed to the command of the Great Eastern.

London, Saturday, May 5. The reply to Lord Lyndhurst, who called the attention of the House of Lords to the state of the naval reserve and requested of Government a statement of its present condition and probable progress, tbe Duke of Somerset replied that during the last eight months more men had been employed at the dockyards thau at any previous period, not excepting that of Continental war. He said that exclusive of blockships and sailing vessels, we have afloat . 50 ships of the line, 30 frigates, 17 corvettes, 88 sloops, and 26 smaller vessels, 24 special gunboats, and 340 ordinary gunboats. The French have 33 ships of the line, and, 8 building ; 38 frigates, and 12 building, and about 140 sloops. As regards the Reserve, we have 1000 naval volunteers, 6862 coast guard, 7000 coast guard volunteers, all in a state ofthe highest efficiency. The aotual available reserve at tbis moment is 14,850 men, and there are upwards of 8000 boys being educated for the navy. In the Commons, ou the same evening, Sir Charles Napier moved an address to the Queen, which he afterwards withdrew, regretting the incompleteness of the Naval Reserve, and praying that it be increased to 12,000, as recommended by the Royal Commission. It elicited the fact tbat the Admiralty are carrying out the recommendations of that commission. There is some prospect of war with China, being abandoned, intelligence being expected, but not yet received, although so imported, that the Chinese have acceeded to tho datnands of allies. Lord Elgin, it is said, will probably receive news to this effect on his arrival at Suez, when, of course, he will return. M. Thouvenel in a note of the 7th April, just made public, contests the pretensions of Switzerland in the matter of the neutralisation of Savoy. In another note of the 16 April, he states that the annexation of the neutralised district of Savoy to France will not change the situation of Switzerland. The definitive result of the voting in Savoy is 130,533 for, and 235 against the annexation. The Emperor and Empress are about to visit Savoy. They will embark at Marseilles, and proceed direct to Nice, &c. The treaty of peace between Spain and Morocco was signed on the 26th April. Morocco is to pay the indemnity for the expenses of the war, and as she is desirous of re-obtaining possession of Tetuan, she will do so at as early a date as possible. The Queen of Spain has granted a general amnesty to all persons implicated in the late abortive attempt of General Ortega, on condition that the parties take the oath of allegiance to Queen Isabella. The Count Montemoliu, and his brother Ferdinand, are to leave Spain, and by takiDg the oath of fidelity to the Queen, are to retain their rank of Princes of the blood royal. France is said to have made a proposal to Switzerland for the latter to relinquish her rights to Savoy and Nice in consideration of an indemnity of 50,000,000 francs (£2,000,000). The Emperor of Austria will, it is understood, undertake a long journey abroad, and confide the regency to the Archduke Maximilian. Baron Bruck is now believed to have had nothing whatever to do with the late extensive fraud* on the Government. The amount ia enormous, and some of tbe highest in the land are implicated. The King of Sardinia is making a tour in Central Italy, as a kind of taking personal possession of bis newly acquired territories. Ry the end of June or beginning of July the French troops wiU have left Rome and the Roman territory. The organization of the Pope's troops under the command of General Lamoriciere is complete. Affairs in Sicily are in a very serious state. The insurrection is spreading fast, far and near —in fact, to all points. There has been soma desperate fighting and many lives lost. A conspiracy has been discovered at St, Petersburgh, having for its object to take the life of the Emperor, or to force him to abandon his policy of the emancipation of the serfs. 150 persons belonging to the Noble Guard havi been arrested, several suspected regiments of troops sent but of the city and replaced by others, and artillery placed at different partsof the city to suppress what is seen to be an intended military revolt. France and England have claimed £120,000 of .Turkey as indemnity for the massacres at Jedda. Belgium has offered the Porte £1,600,000 fof the Island of Cyprus. The American Congress has voted £10,000 for the expenses of the Japanese Embassy. The British Minister in Mexico has proposed a truce for tix months, the Election of a Congress by the different States to be held at Jalapa, which, if refused, he will, it is said, take his passports, proceed to Vera Cruz, and there recognise the Government of Juarez. The ex-Royal family of France have held a gathering at Orleans Jlouse, Twickenham, to celebrate the 79th birthday of the Countess de Neuilly. '..-.' : The National Rifle Association will hold a gathering on Wimbledon Common on the 2nd July, for rifle practice. The Queen, will give a prize of £250, and the-Prince Consort one of £100. The latter to be open to competition from comers of all nations. ' The Emperor of the French ha 3 approved of a gunboat, propelled by hot air, which it is said'gives greater rapidity at a less consumption lof fuel. The yearly saving in fuel to France* for the French navy, by the adoption of this principle, will beaoleaafchanßo,oQQ,()QQ frww*

say £3,200,000. The Reine Hortense, a large vessel, is to befitted with the new apparatus. Great results are anticipated from this invention. I am sorry that I am unable to give any idea of the MODUS OPERANDI. There has been a great fire at the Euston Hotel, sixty-two rooms out of ninety-three were destroyed, and the entire roof. The fire broke out at five o'clock in the evening, on Wednesday last. A still more serious fire, however, has occurred at the Liverpool Sailors' Home, on Sunday morning last * three men are missing. v St. George's-in-the East riots :continue„ and are now wholly profane. Mr. Benjamin Lee Guinness, the head of the firm of that name, has undertaken' to provide the funds for the restoration of the Cathedral of St. Patrick, Dublin, at an expense of £18,000. London, Saturday, May 12. . Lord Ebury's motion for a commission to revise the rubrics and services of the , Church of England,, has been opposed, and finally with: drawn, as being calculated to endanger the peace of the Church. The Paper Duties Repeal Bill has been read a third time in the Commons, and a first time in the Lords, where the opposition to its passing threatens to be very scrong. The Customs' Duties Bill has been read a second time in the Lords, after an intimatiou from Lord Derby that his party would not disturb the financial arrangements of the Government in this matter; but would reserve their opposition for tho Paper Duties' Repeal Bill, in the hope of saviDg the couutry from the loss of a large amount of revenue. A commission is to be appointed to enquire how the embankment of the Thames, for the purpose of relieving the streets from the present excessive traffic, can be made and paid for by Metropolitan dues, or private enterprise, Withot any demand on the Imperial Exchequer. The Refreshment Houses and Wine Licenses Bill has been read a second time in the Commons, but has undergone great changes. The object of this bill is to afford the public the means of obtaining a glass of wine and other refreshments without having recourse to publichouses or hotels—in fact, to aid in the establishment of refreshment rooms about London similar to those at the railway stations. In reply to the proposal of France, England consents to adopt, as the bases "of the intended conferences, the article 92 of the final Act of Vienna, which refers to the neutralization of the districts of Chablais and Faucigny, reserving the right of making proposals relative to the mode of stcuring the neutralization. Switzerland is urging the assembling ofthe Conference. The French Government is about to increase the number of the vice-admirals of the Navy to twelve, and of rear-admirals to twentyfour. The boundary line between France and Sardinia has been all but definitively completed by the Survey Commission of Engineers. The shipowners of France are presenting petitions to the Emperor against the abolition of the differential duties on imports by foreign vessels. Defensive works, on a large scale, are: being carried out on the coast of Brittany and Normandy. Attempts are being made to effect the overthrow of Count Cavour, on the plea that he is adopting an aggressive policy. The King of Sardinia has returned to Turin from his tour in his newly-acquired possessions. Of course his reception throughout has been most enthusiastic. The Duke of Grammont has declared to the Holy See that the French troops will not leave the Papal dominions until his Holiness the, Pope has himself declared that their withdrawal; can be effected without danger to the tranquility and safety of his States. Sardinia, on the advice of France, recognises the right of the Pope to eventually claim the assistance of the King of Naples in order to maintain order in the Papal States on the condition that no attempt be made to reconquer the Legations. The Count Montemolin has solemnly rssigned all claims to the throne of SpainMarsball O'Donnell has returned to Madrid, and been received, of course, with enthusiasm. It is reported that the King of Portugal will marry the youngest sister of his late queen. The Prussian Chamber has made a special, vote for extraordinary supplies for military purposes. And now for matters of more importance. The relations between Russia and Turkey are becoming of such a character as to indicate the possibility of a rupture once more. The last advices from Constantinople announce that 45,000 Russian troops are collected upon the Prutb, and that in consequence Turkey has assembled an army of 30,000 men at Widdin. The cause of this movement on the part of Russia is that Turkey has not performed her stipulations with, reference to religious toleration, and the protection of the Christians in the Principalities. At the same time it is believed, asserted, and uncontradicted, that France and Russia have some understanding upon this sub-, ject. The Porte seems to have some apprehensions of " coming events" or "eventualities," and lately applied to the Western Powers to; secure further guarantees for the inviolability of the Turkish dominions. ,' •. The insurrection in Sicily continues to make progress throughout the Island, and it is (now; declared, and appears, to be, spontaneous "audi general. The Royal troops show a reluctance to meet the insurgents ' outside the towns.1 Garibaldi haß now thrown.himself into the cause, has taken the lead, and resolves to cause; a more general rising. He left .Genoa on the; sth instant with three steamers, twenty cannon, and a band of 1400"men to -make common cause with the insurgents. A fourth vessel has left Leghorn, and three others'from other ports,! all with the same object. The expedition is' said to be organised on a grand'scale, with abundance of arms, ammunition, provisions, and, materials for a; campaign; Who; provides the money is not known, but the suppositions is •that it is by the Italians. ~. , ~ .;;. ' j The Sardinian. Government has, ,of coursei •been, accused, of promoting this, expedition;; bjut in contradiction of this; has sent two arine^ vessels to Sicily tp prevent any attempt by Garibaldi or others raising the flag of Sardinia; What will: be the result of-this expedition \ All depends upon its : first efforts. The attempt of Garibaldi may perchance. be nipped in the bud by; the force of>the Neapolitans,; tf not, and he successfully lands, and his patriotism'is at once responded to in the way he hopes and ex-

pects, the< King of Naples stands but a poor ohance of retaining the island, and his mainland is seriously threatened. The Neapolitan Government are, however, fully alive to their situation; reinforcements have been sent to Palermo, and troops are being poured in at all points with rapidity. Garibaldi has had a letter published, on which, he says:—" it is the duty of all to encourage, aid, and to augment the number of combatants against oppression. It is not the insurrectionary party in Sicily whom we are assisting, but Sicily herself, where there are enemies to contend with. It was not I who advised an insurrection in Sicily; but from the moment that our Sicilian brethern threw themselves into the struggle I considered it my duty to assist them. Our battle cry will be, " Italy and Victor Emmanuel!" There is a strorg popular feeling in this country in favor of Garibaldi, every one hoping that he will be successful; it must be confessed that, as a matter of feeling, they one and allhope that the King of Naples will receive a severe lesson; • A third matter, but still mora important, to notice, is that a universal feeling exists that there will be a European oonvulsion before \ the year is out. The state of affairs on the Continent is very, unsatisfactory indeed, France is increasing her naval fleet with all expedition—is forming a great camp at Chalons. There is little or no faith put in the professions of Napoleon. Every one more or less doubt him, for no one knows what he is or may be at because he acts independently of every one— bis schemes have no confident. There is a movement in Prussia for placing the army on a war footing. There seems to be some understanding between France and Russia. Russia appears inclined to coerce Turkey. Naples and Sicily are at this moment alive with the elements of a complete disorganisation. Garibaldi is seeking to obtain apd hand over Sisily to Sardinia, and in fact to make all Italy come under the sovereignty of Victor Emmanuel. His movements may cause fresh and serious complications. The " entente cordiale " has been weakened. There is some prospect of the Government being defeated on the repeal of the paper duty, when it is supposed they will go out. If the Earl of Derby come in it is well known that his Government will not make so many sacrifices to the Emperor Napoleon as the present have done. There is pretty general feeling abroad that England has done enough" to meet the views of the Emperor, and that the moment wa cease "to go with him," that moment sees England and France.seriously and dangerously estrauged. '; So much for politics. Prince Alfred is about to proceed to the Cape of Good Hope in the Eurylaus. Dr. Musgrave, the Archbishop of York, lately deceased, will, it is expected, be succeeded by Dr. Langley, the Bishop of Durham. The Prince of Wales has accepted the honorary Colonelcy of the Civil Service Corps. The colonies are to manage their own post'office business. The direction of the British Post-office ceasing after the Ist May over all the colonies, except those ofthe military sta- ; tions at Gibraltar and Malta. There is to be some modification in the Australian postal service, but at present the nature: ofthe intended change is not known. The money market has been somewhat easier, and the position of the Bank of England so much improved that the directors last Thursday lowered the rata of discount from 5 to 4| percent. YThe Saturday half-holiday movement progresses, and on and after Saturday, the 19th instant, all the London banks will close at three instead of four o'clock. The chief cashier of the Union Bank of London, has pleaded guilty. His frauds amount to £263,000, of which £117,000 is known to have been lost oh the Stock Exchange. - Our gunboats are said to have been made of unseasoned timber, and to be rotting away. A suryey, of those.at Chatham Dockyard proves that the charge is but too well founded. There appears to have been not the slightest supervision on the part of the Admirality inspectors There is but too much reason to fear that from what has transpired the.whole of the gun and mortar boats are unfit for service.

London, Friday, May 18th.

, The iutelligence received from the Australian colonies of six large failures at Melbourne, and one at Sydney, has prodiioed some uneasiness here as to the results to traders on this side who "depend upon the stability of their colonial connections, biit; there has been nothing Berious at present. ' ' The demand for money has revived, and the rate out of doors'is close upon the bank minimum. .?>:;■■ There has been some uneasiness about the position of the cotton trade; as some ten millions sterling of these bills were estimated to be ..afloat; but I find that; they have been considerably reduced this month.; There;is to be another, change in the Australian postal service. . . ~., ~;..■,. The P. and 0. Company are aboi.it'.to/throw up,their contract, the loss being considerable. Instead of £180,000^ subsidy^they'oanno't^iiiake it pay under <£25O,00O,:but''Government 'have "declined to alloWmore. The P/atitl Q; Oom'pkrty; hare, 'therefore, 'proposed to'run a nionthly 'service between 1 Melbourne ;'6hlf'arid -Ceylon/ in connection with their China and India mail steamers.- they will:Ho fori; 120,000 '■ per 'annumito-be paidfor in;equalrimoeties by >. the .imperial(and<the?Golonial:!Go.vernmeq.ts/: -The inter-colonial postal .service to be, arranged* by! .each;colony/.y.r :■.-, .■■Xy, yy ■:.<:> X. •'■■-,■ \ -,X .The /new , arrangement will take, place,,,in; Australia on .'the ;^2n(l July,. ;and in^ngtenicC'pnj the 20th and Juue,.namel^, $p'tb June via; Southampton,' and aßth^iiji Maweittes. .' , .*' j New, South Wales has ho.w an opportunity 'of carryiugotit^ "".'''..,. \ 'I . The;Earl, of Derby £nd,:)iis(party'Will Oppose • the Paper Duty Repeal' Bill tboth'ahd nail; ahd; the opinion of the Press Sppea'rs io-be that'they will defeat the Government which are then eic-: P&Cted tO gO OUt. Yil.iyvYyyyyyyy ■ ■■ '■ There is -1 extreme agitation in Europe. - The' :'desce'ht:of: Garibaldi on Sicily; hWignited';-the *flani'eß bf discord; and resolution,; and 'the "opportunity has been thus; giveu^to-wake/tijp.agi-i •tationvin-other quarters. ' 1 ,■-. <~,. ~ > ■~, Garibaldi left Genoa i: 6th ,with.,two Bteamprs;and above 1500, rnen,[and ij 2o t qaunonj and effected a.landing ,at Mar^f^onnthe^-llthj and almost immediately hostilities commenced; , After landing, three Neapolitan steamer* bombarded Marsala.

The insurrection is spreading all ,over Sicily, and there is a panic at Naples. The Neapolitan Government has applied to Spain for troops, and an alliance, offensive and defensive, is said to have been concluded between Naples, Austria, Rome', and the Archdukes lately deposed. ' Garibaldi has called upon the inhabitants of the Marshes and the Neapolitans to revolt. f Calabria is in arms, and the King of Naples has called for foreign intervention. '■''There;is a report to-day from Paris that Messina is in the hands of the insurgents; if so, the Neapolitan troops have only possession of Palermo on tbe island. The French Government has forwarded to the Sardinian Government a quantity of arms and ammunition, and above 400 caonon, the greater part of which is for the marine service.' The French Ministers at Naples have ap plied'for four steamers to protect Frenchmen there. This looks unhealthy for the King of Naples. General Lamoriciere, commanding the Roman troops, has made a hostile movement,. which Sardinia counteracts by embarking 5000 men at Genoa. The Sardinian: fleet has received orders to concentrate itself, ready for all contingencies. " •-.••■ Subscriptions in aid of Garibaldi are being made in London and Paris. There has been a reactionary movement in Central Italy, several placards having been posted up, " Ferdinand for Ever," by partisans of the ex-Grand Duke. Great military preparations are being made . at Naples. - The latest intelligence received to-day, of which I enolose details, is that tbe utmost consternation exists in the City of Naples, and the most gloomy feeling prevails. 5000 Piedmontese troops have been ordered, and have embarked at Genoa for Orbiteflo and Tuscany, to keep the Roman troops in check. The Austrian Government has ordered a flotilla to cruize off the Island of Sicily, and all the war steamers have been ordered to sail for Sicily. Austria is about to address a circular to the foreign consuls, announcing that all* Sardinian merchant vessels from ports constituted in Piedmontese territory prior to the late annexation will be admitted into Austrian ports, but that all belonging to annexed States must strike the Sardinian flag on entering Austrian ports. The movement in Sicily, combined with indications of revolutionary and other movements in divers directions, has Caused a panic on the Paris Bourse, and a general fall in all securities here. ■ •..: The Pope has opened a loan, which is being freely subscribed to by, Roman Catholics- everywhere. The Prussian 'Chamber, of Deputies has voted 9,500,000 tbalers tor. placing the army upon a war footing (temporarily). ! There'is'another civil war in Morocco. The Russian Government has demanded a conference of the Great' Powers, to investigate the question whether Turkey has fulfilled the obligations undertaken by the treaty of 1856 in regard to the, Christians in the Ottoman Empire, and France has made a demand upon the Porte for the fulfilment of the same. This appears most ominous at this moment. Europe appears to be on the eve of a general blaze. The Russian Government has collected a large number'of transport ships at Nicolaieff. ; There is considerable agitation all oyer Greece, a revolt of the Ottoman portion seems certain. : Disturbances have commenced in Thessaly, and great agitation prevails all the provinces of the Empire. , Corfu is disquieted, and the Lord High Commissioner has issued a notice, in the' hope of soothing down the agitation. There is now some doubts of the proposed Conference meeting upon the Savoy question, the German Powers being of opinion that it would in no wise alter French policy, or could arrange any real guarantee in favor of Switzerland. The aspect of affairs in Europe at this moment is indeed uudeniably serious. If, as is to be (expected, Garibaldi succeeds iii causing a general revolt throughout' Naples, Sardinia must perforce come in contact with the Neapolitan and Austrian Governments, the deposed sovereigns of Italy will take advantage^ and mane common cause for the" recovery of their crowns. Will France be neutral ? Th^ revolution once begun may spread in all directions. Russia and. France combined, appear to be ready to get up quarrel with Turkey, and fresh complications must ensue;' when it becomes a' question of great importance whether. England can keep aloof '-'through<'■ it alh ■ •'"'■ 'Y'Y y-■■ ■:.■:,-.;, y-Y The public feeling; is unquestionably that a general conflagration will ensue. Great distrust and apprehension exists, and trade on the continent and in England has suddenly received a violent check. For myself, I am free to confess that I do not at present apprehend any violent convulsion, I except in Naples, and the final formation of the whole of Italy under the rule of Victor Emmanuel. ■ . ' The consol market has been very flat at 94|, but there has been a recovery this afternoon to 94| f. Victorian Government,bonds went up to 107, but have receded to los|, 106. New South Wales bonds are at 99| to 100. The colonial wool sales commenced oa the 3rd May, and will be closod in June! "The number of 'bales 'offered' was 69,094J bales, Prices opened l^d! per lb. under the previous rates, but the market .has become firmer towards the close.

; Ext?eaordi^aey Scene in'*a-Chur6bs~oiji , - M6nday 'lasfcj the bi< Assize &Mved->at Taunton, in Somersetshire. During the service whicji their .lordships as usual,..at the church* of '"s. i^^yM^Mme, a miiddie lage,' and .appaireiQtly of jthe worjungjclasa [ rose from.her seat in the middle.of the htiilclmgi, iind) in 'a lou^ (tone "of voice, -exclaimed^^ "'My' friedds,^le^Wehtreat yoti'^o' tliinlrof-'iwliat willbecome ZH y6u:before the':Judgment-seiai bn5 -the last day:"'{ rT£je str^ii^M&^ihg '-hatuj-■ "HWfgßlv'e risei/tb^soiie 'ißbh^idi^ble-astonisn^ ment, and many!of the c6ngre^atidn! stood- tip ascertain.sff.hat". was the vas^^rlyY^Wo pew-, jopener, howexer, f succeede^:ia quickly removing '. ..the oau t sj> v ojf thiy^iemly;^^ ZssAns her exit fiom the chhrch, the w on^an ma<?b urt | of some similar exclamations. j

A Liberal Publisher.—.", Mr. Bernar d-' Tauchnitz, theLeipsicpubliaherandrepublisher, has published in his 500 th volume of < The Collection of British Authors," a jubilee volume, printed, not ,so\ much for ,sale as for a memorial,, or reil-letter ib the series, for presentation to his subscribers and friends. It is called ' Five Centuries ofthe English Language and Literature/.and consists of selections from Wycliffe, Chaucer, Hawes, More,- Spenser, Jonson, Locke, and Gray. The book is a pleasant one, and will be a welcome gift to, all those who may be privileged to receive it. Mr. Tauchnitz commenced the series in 1842 at a time when there was not even a suggestion for international copyright treaties before the world; yet the foundation of his plan was to acquire from the English authors a moral, where there was no legal right to reprint their works, in a way to compete with the Paris Piracies. This honorable conduct has met with its reward; foi* so soon as the copyright treaties came, into existence, competitors made offers to English authors to enable them to rival Mn Tauchnitz; but not^ai single author in 'Eiagland 'accedeti to any of these proposals. When Mk;^ the V treaties; ' m,."'kYYY. positioct;"'. to j?, sert a justly-acquired right : his: .payments ■< to English : authors, increased :in: a measure commensurate with the success of hia undertaking. It is a fact, we believe, that in some instances authors received taore from, Mi*. Tauchtiitz than from the• original Lpndoh pub-lisher,-—though this applies,; of course, _ to .o.njy young authors. Such a course of fair dealing is creditable to the individual arid the trade/ _ EXTRAORDINAEY DEATH; FROM THE USE OF Tallow.—A daughter of Mr.' Meredith, of Mogtree lime kiln,,near,Ludlow, recently met her death from the following incident:-—Re-turning from Ludlow, and finding her lip much chapped from the wind, she applied some tallow to it, which is supposed tip have contained some poisonous matter or fat that had been much decomposed. Her lip shortly afterwards began to swell, and increased every day for a week,, when she expired in the greatest agpny. i..