ON BONE MANURING.

Colonist, Volume III, Issue 219, 25 November 1859, Page 2

ON BONE MANURING.

, ' (From the Agricultural Cyclopasdia ) %nte;dust (says Dr. Stanley, Bishop of Norwich) has ife.en in use in Cheshire to a very considerable i extent for tlie'lasi -seven year^—partially for a imuch; longer period. Some' paati/res' that were Jjone dusted twenty years ago, show to a .yard ""where *liiß "S'MU'e was applied. TJie rents have latterly been well pa", :^- there Js good reason ; foi-believing, that il is in a great measure tQjJie advantage they are deriving from the boned rknd/1; -On " tord. "Combermere's 'esfa,tes, QOO acres faf pasture Jands, at a cost of £10 per acre, jhaye Jieenjjoried, and " tiie land, which before the bones were"a()pin'di;'. +says Mr J5. BilJyse (four Roy. • Agr. Soc; vq| V,wad not worth more^han from ilOs.!to 15s. per acre, is now well worth from* ROs.' ;.to4os'" iib\v," ra3d3 he, '_' twenty years jdnce I first saw bone dust applied to pasture' land on a I^ord Comhermere's estates. At the ti^§jh<? fewest were p{ wpon the land, it

was certainly not worth more than tfy. per acre; . and though so long a_period.hns elapsed Aince. .the field was manured with bones, it is now worth 85s. per acre, though I think the land is not quite so good a$ it. was* fitfe years-ago." , -. ; *~, ~ Upon mowing lands theireffeets have also ,t>een> .- beneficial. Mr.1 BHlyse considers them/** ihV . cheapest ofall manures far such a purjfosc;' Where"" eight yeavs ago he applied 35 cwt. per acre, he says " the land has produced a good crop of hay . every year since, quite equal to the other parts-of' .' the field,' which had' been' manured with good •' farm dung every ttwo years, and he.is quite cc tain .-that pasture lands on* which bones have been. .• .applied never will so long as it remains in grass, retumto the state it was in before the bones were •' put on." , . '" " ,- . . • Mr. Palm,' in his pi i?e essay on the Farming of , ( Cheshire, places before us- striking evidences of "the results1 that have followed the practice. .'' Marly thousand acres," he says, of the poor ,clay ; soils have been covered w.ith this manure during1 . this last eight or terf years, and the results have* ■ been truly astonishing." An able correspondent of his contends, " that there is no comparison in the return of the land owner-or' the occupier be- .. tween bones applied for arable purposes, "and. those . applied to the permanent pasture ■ lands;" his pier ", ture of the results, is most worthy1 of notice. '. " I have known," he states, many instances where the annual valueof our poorest'clay lands has been by ,' j an increased outlay $'£7,'oi £8 per statute acre, the extent of at least 300'perjcerit.; or in other words ." that the land has been cheaper after" this outlay" at 30s. per acre,\thaii it ,was in.Ms p/iginal 0r.., natural state at 10s. -thereby leaving a return ofmore than 15 per cent, upon the. outlay, besides the satisfaction of seeing a miserable covering of pink grass, rushes, and a variety of other noxious weeds —which are generally the offspring of poverty ' —exchanged for the most luxuriant herbage of . clover, trefoil, and other succulent and nutritious^ grasses. I have paid nearly^ .£IO,OOO for this manure, and therefore must naturally feel no little interest in the subject; and I have much satis--„ faction in saying that the result has ,in every instance been most satisfactory. Ihaveknownmany a poor, honest but heartbroken man raised from poverty to comparative independence, and many a sinking family saved from inevitable ruin, by * the help of this wonderful manure." « - X The great certainty of their action,* jn > a dry season, is a result noticed in numerous cases. On ■* this point' the valuable " Report of the -Committee of the Doncaster Agricultural As-' - sociation on Bone Manure, says :— *• It is noted as a peculiarity of-bones to succeed upon dry soils, when common manure loses much of its efficacy." And again. " The general experience is decidedly ' m favor of a dry season for bones." Mr. Williams says,"" This being a particularly dry season, theonly good swedes I had were with bone manure, and I never had a better, crop." The influence of a large quantity of loose vegetable fibre, like straw1 manure, upon the mechanical texture of the soil, and its evil influence in promoting the escape of moisture during <a: dry summer will be evident to all who are at all acquainted with the physical properties of soils.—p. 285. " ' The efficacy of bones upon hilly grounds' of thin soil and open-bottomed gravel, 'is a special advantage that docs not depend merely upon their portability. Guano, rape dust, etc.,are equally portable, but on such soils, if there is much rain, the * - los 9of the soluble matter of farm manure and the ' escape of. the ammonia of guano, is very great ■ ■• "In thin, sandy soils, 3' says Mr. Birks; Doncaster Report, p.B, " and also on the sides of hills, much ,' of the essential part of farm manure, and of rape ', dust, and other top-duessing, is washed away; but. . on dry land, bone manure in all seasons is- durable."

The facts collected by Edmund Beckett Dennison, Esq.,: M^P., embody the experience :of fifteen 'j or sixteen fanners upon the.-Lincolnshire' Wolds •• and are equally striking; ■ ■Promthe impossibility : : of procuring manure thousands of acresl, were an- ;■ nually sown withoutnianure.: A'Sincfe the^yseof'?-, bonea has. become generaji.^,he says '.'the turnip ■ , cvop has beco'mein few instances less than Touror .- five times its former bulk;/ and all the succeedingcrops of grain arid seed have been amazingly ihcrea- ; sed. ■ ' •■ ■• - ■ .:-■' '"■ .'• • •'- ■' ;' <-':"■"- L \'\'''

The fermentation of bones previous to application causes them to act more readily upon thpgrop; it. has,,been |qng kno\ynthatif bones were thrown' together in a heap, the" addition^ of water only will effectually bring them into putrefactive fermentation, when no really useful mixing material can be had. ' During the process it is essential, however,1 that the heap should be closely covered up wijh earth. _ • ; ;^

Rev. L. E. TußEiikEiii.—The funeral of this gentleman took place in Sydney on the 12th ultimo^ 'The Sydney Empire has the following, brief notice ' of the career and labors of the deceased —:" This .old, and much esteemed Minister died. at his residence, William street Wooliopmooloo, at 2 o'clock on.Monday morning, ,the.lOth of October instant;, he had attended to his ministerial dutie,S the day previous to his death. TII6 .flags of the; ships '..:' |n havb.or ftere liojstpd half irj'ast high, in testimony .'■. pf the y^lup'4 an'd f||ntirjn|seryipes, ) fl|' tji«j|a^ente| < ; gentleman, as minjstpr for w|ny yeiar* : %<l : . $$ .. ■ Mariners* Church in Port Jackson,,wjieje^ hfe. : labors had been signally successful, ;Mr. r /f hvelkeld . : left England, January 23,1816* in. the ship Atlasv in company with the Rev.. John Williams/and., others, and after visiting .Rio Janeiro, arrived in Sydney in May, 1817. He afterwards visited : New Zealand, and other islands in the Pacific, and - ultimately settled in the■• colony in :He: :/ Was for- several y.^ars to the aborigines : being stationed at fcake-'Macquariei In thte y^l! , 1846, after a'g^eali^inanyf'tiyftg^wirf&lW.fl^^e'? : became Minister of the Mariner's Chapel 'ih. t^is city s from which time to; the perjo'd of his death , he continued a very active career of. usefulness. '.. Qa Sundiiv morning, 9th inst^ie proceeded to thp ; Mariners'' pHprch aiu'sua}, appealing in iqlem^ly: .. g^od "heaUhraithp^gHi^ ,^ M^k^V^J ii symptonis of disease of the hcavt, •wlfiph .i^4«.in? creased lately, he might" W strpck dpivn at any ifloinent. He pyeapl)e4 in the morning and in the afternoon, He appeared weak at the close of ..the service, and, before ;leftvingsai4 goQd,.-bye,.afFeo-tionately, to several persons* present,- contrary to hisusuf}lcußtom. Heref toneq,l\oi^«\n^lftWdovna,/ ■ but. to wards jtnjd.njghjfc, wa3 supposed .better fey; thei> ■■ ; medical gentleman attending .Bim,, and though!; . himself, better,, and fell; asleep to wake no more upqn earthy af\4 ■s% iw o'clock a.m,, he.peacefully bi;e.athe.c} |)is la§t." jje wou]d lia\re been/?] ysas . pld had he lived iuntil.th]s M% . \vge]?,; aod-Mteft. referred to tHe fact of .his being just the ; colony.! -At' the reverend gehtlemah's funeral^ whioh took place yesterday 1, there was^a large at? tendance, more especially of the seafaring portion "«,,' copulation. At half-past 2, the funeral or .our.-.,...... - »,.... f .. Tr ,»., cu...^ «nd -nroceeded • cortege left tlie ivianners wonrca .lUWMKU to the Independent burying grqund.. A numeroui bodY of the ciergymen of. the, city, assembled to pay the last tribute of respect, to their, deceased brother. Before the mournful.ceremony, was concluded/ailexcellent aadi-ess was delivered by the' Rev. MrJ Beazley^of tM ©oftgregsitibrial Qjytirclf, ' ■Redfern/ Devotional exercises W£re coridu&e&by' the Rev. Messrs. M'Gibbon and Sharp, and after'a brief interval the funeral party slowly dispersed?'

The Army in the CoLdtfifes.—Tn 1857 tjiere ''■■. r were 48,901 non-cominisioued officers and privates of her Majesty's forces in the colonies, against 47,60 l in;i 850, and . 3^896 in. 1855. 'The. forces.«'.; ; fwergjhijs djstnbuted';-^vi^,' in North/America, * •,: &si&'t- in Atjsiralia,"-4287, in the MediterraDe'ap,-. • ■ 15,627 "(Gibrajfer/51f|, and'Malta;'.<7Gs&);.-:tha.: .-,: Cape of Good ETope,:i ; i,22s j-flife 'West ;-Indie^ , ~ 3942; Bermuda, 1128: Ceylon, 2339; Hong^Kongj' -■' ■"'•--.-;•■ J..fh« West of AiVicn,969. Thereareiio : for this purpose ojit of tlie Imperialfijhds ayeiage§ .- £3,182,748 a-yeaV, and that ;set- apart by.:the-':; cplopies themselves only £337,525 a-year. ' with: ■ JtUe'exc^pjtjoa ,pf; t)Te!(Jppe" of»pood,Hope,^iics n ;• tori^, 'Giiiaifia, and' ;t|ie whol* pf '^ortli America,: ~ t^e co^oriial exp'ebdi'ture-in'Hhls )!iaper i^pj-e|gijtj ' ; , almost ertijirely'ah^e'x^^iture on the ( Q,uee'ti'4 " forces v fiUher in the of !th4 BvUiish Twwu^ o> «)8e of an <Hsiiydh

forts, ov other military works; At the Capo there is an armed mounted police, Consisting of about 400 men, wliich cost the colony in 1857 £32,505. At Victoria, there was an expenditure in 1857 of about £5400 on volunteer corps: at Guiana upwards of £9000 was expended on militia; the whole of the expenditure in North America is exclusively on militia. The numbers of that force by the latest returns were as follows:—viz., Canada, 236,427; Nova Scotia,' 53,950 ; New Brunswick, 30,800: Newfoundland, nil; and in Prince Edwards Island, 6886; making a gross total of 328,033. The German Legion is separately noticed as follows :—The German Legion sailed towards the end of 1856, and arrived at the Cape in January, 1857. The following is a statement of the expenditure on them, so far asyet ascertained, including an issue of about £43,500 as an allowance to them to build dwellings, and an issue of £11,500 for outfit:—viz. in 1857 £102,402 in 1858 (partly estimated,) £90,170. The number of the German Legion landed at the Cape, as reported by tho Governor, was about 2300. In October, 1858, the Governor reported that about 1028 of the Legion had volunteered to proceed for service to India, and that only 1042- non-commissioned officers and privates remained in the Cape colony. The numbers not accounted for must be presumed " to have quitted the corps. No later report of their numbsrs has been received.

Sitting or Standing ?—A memorial, subscribed by about eighty members :of the East Church, Aberdeenwas Jaid before the Khk-Session on Monday, objecting to the proposed change of posture from4tting"to sfanding during praise. • As the change was to be adopted only if unanimity prevailed in regard to it, the Session resolved that no change^hould take place. A correspondent of the" A.benteen Herald" says that 1920 and upwards of the congregation were in favor of the proposed change, while only 80 were against it.— " English Paper." Louis Napoleon's Nervous Shocks.—The Paris correspondent of the" Court Journal" states that the celebrated Carthusian nun, Colette, has arrived in Paris to accomplish the cure of an exalted and illustrious personage, who ever since the battle of Solferino, is said to have suffered so intensely from j&ervous shocks that sleep has entirely abandoned him; and that, consequently, he has been cornpelied to turn night into day, and by transacting business after midnight, obtains a slight degree of repose at dawn. The form of torture which this distressing disease has taken is that of hallucination of the most impressive kind, nothing less than the most horrible and sickening scenes of the battle being enacted over again each night visibly to the eye—no effect of the imagination, no image of the fevered brain, but all in their brute horror and ghastly carnage. The people here declare that the distress was so great on the first arrival of the illustrious personage that one most deeply Interested; in his welfare took upon himself to write the story of the case to the Pope, having more faith in the spiritual aid to be afforded by his Holinessthan in the physical succour of the whole universe of doctors already called in. The answer sent by his Holiness was borne by the Sceur Colette in person, and the result of her visit is already visible in the calmed nerves and soothed brain of the illustrious personage, who although still far from sufficiently recovered to be able to take his hours of repose like the rest of the world, is so much improved, as to remain silent during the attacks of the hallucination, instead of telling aloud and with unconsciously hurried speech the story of the bloody visions passing before his eyes.

Donati's comet, which create® such a sensation last autumn, is now stated by the French scientific journals to have two tails. The second one was not remarked by the observers of Paris, and seems, in fact to have been seen only by M. Winneck at the Observatory of Pultowa, Dr. Listing of Goettingen, and by Mr. Bond at Cambridge, U.S. It was visible from the 15th September to the 10th of October, and on the 6th of that month appeared much longer than the brilliant one. " An Intoxicated Oyster.—A correspondent has recently seen a curiosity fished up by Mr. Alexander Leland, out of Carter's Creek. It consists of a portion of a, comjnon junk bottle, to which several oysters had grown, and the largest flhd' probably the most dissipated of the party had grown partly into the neck of the bottle, completely jfilling it up. Whether the oyster went into the bottle to get a drink, got tight, and could not get out, is not known, but certain it is that himself aud his companions seem " very much attached to the bottle."

Tije Qhvrdu p no D^nqeb N(w.—*Wllliam Smith, a youth, giving his address No, 2, Cutthroat J^ane, Bow, was brought before Mr. Selfe, charged with attempting to pick pockets. T- Cox, a policeman, said that on Sunday afternoon a great number of persons assembled at the church of St. George-in-t he-east, to hear the Rev. Hugh Allen preach. When the gate and doors were opened there was a great rush. Prisoner was among the crowd. A gentlemen complained that prisoner had attempted to steal his watch. Directly afterwards there was a cry of "Down wjth the puseyitesT'and much confusion.prevailed. Witness watched, fhe f)v|wbejf,.anU'|aW'i|in|p|itI JjiW hands into' the ji'ocjcets'or six gentlemen^ and geized his* hand as he wis.takingitouiofthepock'et 6f a seventh. v ''" "." ;>.'" '.". "■.'"'

ri Prisoner said —I plead not guilty. I went to gee this to-do yesterday afternoon. I did so because the Puseyites want to inoculate the people throughout the length and breadth of the land with their Popish and Pagan doctrines., Mr. Selfe—You are charged with attempting to pickpockets. The Prisoner —No such thing, sir. I went to hear this Rev. Who Allen preach, and J am for the Established Churqh and the principles of the' Reformation, and Who «Heh.! '' v i:i : ! !1" " ? Mr. Selfe—Yob mean the Rev. Hugh Allen? $he JPrisQner—Y^s sir j1 • Who" Aflt%. But. the ynseyitei^rp prejudiced against me because I love the Established @hu*rch, and am determined to suptort it through thick and thin, , Mr, Selfe—The established Church is much obliged to you. Go on, go on. The Prisoner—l will uphold the Established Church.

Mr. Selfe—By putting your hands in other people's pockets ? The Prisoner—No sir; by putting down Popery, Puseyism, and Priestcraft. I have iieyer P^t WY hands in other people's pockets. I tfajkecli^p-io t gentleman-tp.VgieJ a' ptttjfed: bilt, and here it :i 'The prisqnjpr then, handed w a printed bjll, beaded ?'Jsqs'e.vis,mimperilling. Ohurcljr Mr, Selfe-5-You give your a.ddves.3 Ifo, 2 Cut? throat-lane, Bow ; Middlesex, The Prjsoner^WeJl sir, that is not the real name | of it, but it is generally called so. ! Mi. Selfe—You had better stick to the old ttanui. I have heard of Cutthroat-lane before. The Prisoner—Weil, I don't live there. I will crush Puseyism in detail. I will support the (iueen and the Establishment, I aro <Jetern)inp4 to crush Popery in fl>e phurch. i haye been brought uptp the EstabUshed Church, "v * ■ ' :'"t-:. ' ii'- - . -.ii' iv- H'>n-i-CMjvlSelfe—But not to pick pockets. The Prisoner^—l have never been in prison, but I Will uphold the .Established Church, This is a trldCCf frtpisti' alid P"Seynes to get me Into irouble. I will uphold the Establishment, and not see it rundown. I know the Rev. Who Allen at his house, and the Rev. Mr. M.c Caul. I will support the Establishment without Popery, without any Eusey|sm, and wjthput any intoning apft phantit}& jH^piio^ssjoias jand. gpvygawQ, and.! bowihg^ to •it he fast and;P«r4seying io the west, I am a regular tvue Prbti?6tant. « You know sir, th6y wont let the Eev.'Who-Allenpreach at George-in-th^eash, H^'w^ es<i &«■ f-to^: :Th« pojice sergeant says yoy don');* live ip CutthroatJkn.e.*- " , .' . ■ ....■- The Prisoner—Well sir, it is called Cut^hroa^ lane, Bow; but I don't jive there. Mr- Selfe asked/ the pri^qt^ei' fay hjs rea) addveg^ wh|pH *|j<? rteclm^ togiyp^ijd' qfoupting \siether the. pri?on6r vyas ;«i a sound