Te Aroha AND Ohinemuri News AND UPPER THAMES ADVOCATE.

Te Aroha News, Volume VII, Issue 379, 22 June 1889, Page 2

Te Aroha AND Ohinemuri News AND UPPER THAMES ADVOCATE.

SATURDAY, JUNE 22, 1889.

' This above all — to thine own self be true* And ib musb follow as the nighb the d»y Thou canet nob fchon be false to any man.' Shakkspkarb.

The groat importance of the dairy industry is becoming more fully recognised of Ute years, and there can bo no doubt it will assume a much more prominent position in the near future than it has yet done. Few who are associated* with, or take an interest in rural affairs, can fail to have observed > the many indications that exist of the great changes steadily taking place with respoct to the methods employed in connection with this industry. Agriculturists havelenrnt that it will not do to put all their eggs in one basket — to depend on any one line of farming alone, whether it be wool growing, stock raising, or wheat growing. The frozen meat trade hag now become pretty firmly established, and the dairy industry ig in its tarn receiving more attention, and its great value as an ally to the farmer is being 1 more and more recognised. Mechanical soparation has. to a great extent, revolutionised the whole system of butter making and dairying generally. Bnt in this article we do not purpose referring further to milk sepo ration, the value of separated milk, or the manufacture of butter and cheese, but to conflnc our renuirks to the very important subject, of condensed milk. No country in the wot Id is better suited for the successful carrying on of the manufacture of condensed milk than New Zealand, and we believe there are very* few industries, if gone about in the rightlway, vrould prove more profitable to those concerned. It is really surprising that so important an industry, has been neglected so long. The consumption of condensed milk has of late years attained to enormous proportions. It is an article used all the world over, and when its great advantages are considered, r> here weight, bulk, transport, and keeping quality are in question, it is extraordinary that a manufacture so appropriate to at pastoral country like New. Zealand, has not received mors attention amongst us- It might, we think, with a little enterprise, take a really .important plaoe among New Zealand industries, and we believe many of our readers will read with interest the following account of the subject, which we abridge from a lecture recently delivered in Paris by M. Leze, n professor of the agricultural school at Grignon. The number of substances which m&y be used for preserving milk is considerable ; one of the best of these' is salyoilic acid ; its employment, however, as well as ,that of several other suitably antiseptics, for the purpose is. prohibited in France. Carbonate of soda,, or incon-, veniently strong preparations of \x>r»x, are'tho chief preservatives aillowed by French law. The carbonate is not, strictly speaking, an antiseptio — it acts only indirectly, saturating the lactjc acid as fast as it is formed — and is is! clear, accordingly, that to effect tin's tobject there must be a corresponding amount. Hence a temptation to overdose, and, in font, it frequently happens that each L vender through whose hands the milk

passes adds a\dose of carbonate ensure its pi eservatinn/ >'* ; , Milk- thus charged with carbonate of soda is not positively injurious, but, of course, th 6 friilk can no long«r be said to be pure. :The use of bicarbonate of soda would at least tie pref erftble, as the ljatter salt iv decomposing/li^erates half as much more* carbonic ncid ytl^an the carbonate, and thi9 gns is itself afairly good antiseptic, and its action seconds that of the soda. Carbonates of .soda produce-no-change in *he colour of the milk, unless the lafter is hoated when it verges towards a brownish yellow , t Boraeic acid and a so-called extract of borate of soda may also be employed. Borate of soda, however, , is not to be recommended, as it is l^ss eflPcacious than boric acid, ard> moreover imparts a disagreeable "alkaline" taste to the milk, Commercial boric acid, sold in whitish crystals not < v unlike those of soda, is a 'good preservative. The dose may be from half a gramme to a gramme and a /hfalf per* litre. It should be added to the milk* tfWn the, latter is raised to the temperature of 55 degrees or 60 degrees centigrade, and the liquid should then be at once put* i.tfto ;mr*-f>roor vessels, soldered up if possible. • Boraeic acid is as innocent with regard to health as thu snlls, but (he taato and aroma of the millcare disagreeably modified, and besides, milk thus treated does uot skim well. * Oil of mustard is another substance which lias been recommended as a suitable antiseptic for milk : a very small quantity is snid-jto be sufficient. \ The rapid clfanges which milk undergoes nve nuiinly duoto the large portion <jf water which itv contains, and which is .just such os toaffoid the most favourable conditions for fermentation. Hence the preservation of mil k by ovaporating the water is naturally suggested, and, in fact, a process of this- kind was essayed as early as the- commencement of the present century. Solid milk tablets, which could be kept for a long time, and were somewhat analogous to the extracts of meat •or solid soups, now bo extensively manufactured, were produced by evaporation. It was found, however, that milk thus condensed would not, wheu^steeped in wnter, resume its original tas£e> and properties, and the plan was abandoned. \ Better results are obtained by evaporating the milk only to a viscous eoneistenco. This was at one time effectod by merely boiling the milk in steam heaters so as to avoid the burnt taste which direct heating is so apt to comnwfnicate ; but the heating is now conducted in vacuo, as by this process the milk may be made to bofl at a lower temperature than 100 dogs, centigrade, and this method is now accordingly the general practice. The railk is first heated, but not to boiling point, by ordinary means, and is, then introduced by auction into a steam Uoiler with double bottom, etc. The steam is now admitted, and as the milk boils the vapour passes off into a condenser containing a cold water jet. The temperature of the milk is maintained at from 55 dags, to 60 degs. centigrade, and the supply is , constantly fed with more milk in order to pi event the crystallisation of the sugar of milk. This last operation would seem to be a matter of special knack and aptitude in the workman employed ; for it has happened that, in certain manufactories, after great sums had been laid out in plant, the services of clever opprntors had been rejected on account of the seeming exorbitancy of their demands, with the result that the article produced has been unsatisfactory; the condensed milk has been of a bad colour, or presented the appearance of being mix2d with sand, an effect due to the srrains of crystallised sugar. the evaporation is concluded, the resulting syrupy liquid should be cooled as rapidly as possible, though within certain limits of temperature, for which practice is the best gliiile. .The cooling is effected in the following way : •— Tho thickened milk is reoeived in cylindrical holders placed on horizontal disos, which rotate slowly in a reservoir of cold water, constantly renewed by slow circulation. In the cylindrical holders are plntes which remain fixed while the holders themselves iotate ; thus the .niilk, without being violently agitated, is kept in constant movement. The most natural preparation, says M. Leze, is to condense the milk to about ono-third of its original volume, and; then enclose it in hermetically sealed vessels.) This reduced product, upon mixturewith water, yields a normal milk. It may, however, be observed that it is often found easier to concentrate poor than rich milks, and some -Inanufacturers; partially skim the milk before evaporation — a course which cannot be held fraudulent, provided the trade labels indicate its practice. The article prepared in this way is sold at a rather cheaper rate than that produced from unskimmed milk, although in M. Leze'S opinion it is hardly inferior to the latter, since the most useful nutritivcconstitijonts are in reality the nitro-genous substances, and these ar*» preserved intact in either, case. M, Leze considers that separated milk is well suited for condensation, and bejieves this is the best use to which this residue, from the butter factory can be put." He objects to its employment as^fooH for pia:s Apart from the question of additional outlny required for tjie establishment of a piggery, Lhe smell from these animals, however carefully > kept., hasoften been found to depreciate nptably the market price of the butter and cheese or milk produced on the same farm. At the present time most manufacturers mix about twelve per cent (by weight) of sugar with the milk — •n'addition which not only iuoreases the yield,

but gives greater fluidity and whiteness to the product, which thus sweetened greatly pleases the palate of -.young children. In conclusion, M. L6ze dwolls upon the great, ad vantage the process presents in dimiriistfihg^ihecostand inconvenience of transport, Jiy reducing the, bulk apd weight 'to be carried, and advocates tlje pstab.iflhment of the industry in France^ where it has as yet not obtained a footing," * although^ as »he adds r^a considerable amount would probably be, taken by the army and navy commissariats. :. , ,For our,' own part, ,we % recognise ,very fully^the force' and value of M. L&zVs recommendation, and would wish to see its realisation anticipated in? New Zealand, by the development amongst ourselves of- the condensed milk trade, for., which there is a promising future, and already a large demand. It is a pity that the large sums annually sent out of the country to Switzerland and other countries, to purchase"* a dairy product, such as that referred to, a,rSrnot retained in the Colony — by the home production Of the aVticle in demand. * ' ' V< '■-. i Victoria intends to have a hand in the preserved milk industry. A recent lee-« f turer on the subject in Gippsland pointed out the profits that might be derived from the sale of condensed milk, and told his audience if they wished to have good profits they should go into the condensed milk business. He said the factory could afford to pay 4d in the summer, sd' in spring and autumn, and 7d in winter per gallon for milk, and then pay, good dividends besides. With milk procurable at, a,- 25 to 50 per cent cheaper rate, and of a superior quality; New Zealand should' have as great an advantage over Victoria in this as she has iv other dairy pursnits. We trust before many years are past to find ]s*ew Zealand preserved milk with as good a Lame on the London market as her mutton and beef has at present. ' j

Thero will be a flitting of the Resident Magistrate's and Warden's Courts at Te Aroha on Tuesday next. Mr Yon Stunner has conimencod operations at his fl.ixmill, just completed, at the Gordon Special Settlement. The.Te Aroha Public School broke tip yesterday afternoon for the mid-winter holidays, which itre for one week, dating fiom Monday next. Parliament opened on Thursday. "A. full report of the Governer'a speech will be found on our fifth puge. Thero will be n sitting of the Resident Magistrate's Court at Paeroa on Monday nest, commencing at nine o'clock. A long and interesting report on the new golilfiahls at Knatunn, Otama, ,md Matanngi, will be found on our fifth p p ige. The prospects we decidedly very encouraging:. There in a good deal of sickness amongst children in this di&triot just now. Scarlatina exists both at Te Aroha and at Te Aroha West ; whilwt (as stated in another column) diptheiia is also prenent. Rev Mr Norrie will conduct Pmsbyte.iian services to-morrow aa follows : — Waiorongomai (Public Hall), 11 a.m,; Te Aroha (Public Hall), 7 p.m. It is reported that a large area of new giound is now beinf* pegged out at Waihi. The next direct mail for United Kingdom and Continent of Europe, (per Tainui fiom Wellington 271h inst.), will cloae at Te Aroha Post Office, on Monday the 24th inst, .at 655 a.m. .For money orders, 1 rogistered letters, and parcels, at 4 p.m. to-day (S.atutday). ' Ghinemuri County Council are invitingtenders for the position of working foreman of works; salary £110 per annum. Applications will be received up to 2 p.m., Saturday, July 6th. • A cablegram, dated London 17th inst., states that" Mr W. H. Smith lias decided not to proceed with the Bill to ratify the Sutrai? Bounties Convention this session as Mr Ghuihton i proposes to laisea debate on the 'Question/' t ', Mr Jas. 1 Craig wijl sell by- auction on, Monday next property in the v £st|ite of the late Mr Geo. Reed. See advt. /•' Particulars respecting- the returns from the Marototo mine, recently assayed by Mr Rhodes of Paeroa, aro published on our sixth page. Mr D. Richardson invites, tenders for orecting seven additional rooms ne.ir Mor-' nnsvilfo. Tenders close, at 5 p.m. ookn k Saturday next See advt. ' There was only ono tender for the repairs (painting 1 , puporing, etc.), ,to the •house atTe Aroha lately occupied by Rev Mr Marshall, and now "being made ready for Rev Mr Evans", viz., that of Thos Hood; £34, which was accepted. The reports from Auckland state during the past week flax has beon well enquired for, and that the market is finning under foreign, orders. Potatoes have, taken a sharp advance of ten shillings per ton; and Southern potatoes are now worth £5 per ton in Auckland. Out' leading article to-day refers to the manufacture of condensed milk. We may Btate that Mr N. A, Larney ? of Lauriston, Waitoa, has been successfully manufacturing pondensed milk for the past year or two on a small scale. The article he turns out is of really excellent quality, and sells readily.- In at,* future issue we*purpose giving particulars with respect to Mr Larney's manufacture. There is nothing of importance to record with respect to local mining matters, since our report in Wednesday's issue. At Waiorongomai the Te Aroha S/and G. M. Co. have thirty-five head of stampers going three shifts (with concentrator^, twenty on base ore from New Find mine, ten v on'free milling ore from same mine, and five on a parcel of ore sent from Queensland to the Company to treat. • , , » ! In the -Supreme Court, Auckland, on Tuesday last, the case of Charles Kay and others v*. the Waihi G. M. Co., came on for hearing. The. action brought was to recover £144 ISsGdfor wages and damages, and there. was a counter claim for £19 lOs^' By consent the case was ajlaw.ed to stand over till the July sittings, counsel intimating that in the meantime a settlement would prnbably be arrived at, j 1-u «»ca.twSffi

f clone at 4 p.in, to-dajr jmthfMr Pavitt, Te Aroha, for various road ivrovks/ etc., to be carried out by Piakj, CoiUDty Council, in Te Aroha Riding. V UT U T , Nearly all the* local carpenters available bave been thfs week put on at the To Atyhn. S.and j&.M. Cb.'s reduction works, in, connection with tlji'e" erectionf of the new >lot, of stumpers., X ,^\\ "^ * j ' Yo^\l>. Sqveral minerk from Te Aroha are now working at Tararu, Thames, in connection c 'with the claims recently taken up thereby Te Aroha residents ; the prospects of „ which are report to be most encouraging 1 . We sincerely hope the spirited pro^prietors are. in for a good thing 1 . v ! Mr Thoa. Taylor, of W s aiKou, met withY severe accident on Saturday last. It appears Mr Taylor was on his way liorn'e" with his horse and cart, and whilst in the act of stopping the horse, in some way his right foot got caught by,., the wheel, whereby he was thrown down, and the wheel passing over his leg fractured it above the ankle. He was promptly ,g6t home and put to bed, and is progressing favourably, b,ut # bqing an old man the accident is likely to lay him }>y for some time to come, l ' ' ' ) The Doctors •Volckmani.Chrotherei), wlio recently landed at Auckland from Home,., arrived at Te Aroha on Wednesday, last to 'generally have a 100k 1 rounds :&ntl' .make " enquiries, hearing there was' an' opening ..for a qualified medical man in'tliis district. On Thursday they visited Waiorongomai, and returned to town by train j'esterday morning. _ We belieye they were favourably impressed with the prospects of the place and district, nnd that there is a probability of their settling atTe,Aroha. Application may be made "at the Warden's office, Thames, on Wednesday, August 7th.* for the 'right to occupy the, following licensed holdings, forfeited for non-working ';— Young Colonial, Whangamata, late licensee, Chns. Me Williams jObserver Nos. 1, 2 and 3, Whangamata, late licensees, ObseiverGM. Co., Limited; Surplus Nos. 1, 2 and 3, Marototo, late licensees. South Marotpto G. and S.M. and Prospecting Co. Lim.; Brogan Nos. I and 2, Whangarnatn, late licensees, Brogan G.M. Co., Limited ;' Calli&pe, j Marototo, late licensee, North Marototo AmalgamatedLeases G. and S.M. Co., Limited. [ Eeferring to the flax industry the Rangitikei Advocate says :—": — " It is beyond all doubt thnt there is a good e'eal of ill-pre-pared flax being sent from tho Wellington Provincial District at present. This is a great pity, and is all the more to be deplored because it will give the district a bad name, and damage the sale of all the flax shipped from Wellington, no matter how good it may be. In the great markets of the.w.orld there is little time for samp ling;*an'd hence dnce'a "district acquires an evil reputatipn,; everything coming from it is regarded with suspicion. We hope that those millers who have the sense to despatch only a .thoroughly good article will be careful to see, that all their 'bales are plainly marked with a distinctive brand. in order to guard as much as possible against being made to suffer for the sins o£ their neighbour.-!." We regret to state that Mr William Andrews, a miner, residing at Waiorongomai, died at nine o'clock on Thursday morning. Mr Andrews had been in indifferent health for some time past, add. latterly was suffering from a severe attack of bronchitis, together with heart disease, resulting as above Rtated. He will be buried in Te Aroha Cemetery, tho funeral to leave deceased's late residence at halfpast one to-morrow (Sunday) afternoqn* Deceased was resident at Waiorongomai for riorhe five or sjx years, past; and brought a few hundred pounds with -him. He was. however/ rather unfortunate in his mining speculations, and prior to his death had run through I'is savings, and his wife* and one child (a daughter of about fifteen 'years of age), ire left without means. •> Mr Andrews, generally held a small mining area on his own account, and on Mny 2Sth last, obtained four months' protection 'for luh last speculation in thiß respect, known as the Ophia claim (one man's ground), Waiorongomai. Much sympathy is felt for the family in their loss. During the past month all of Tlev S. Lawry's children have been very ill, and between one and jmothi'i the parents have had a most anxious and trying time, with, scarcely a 1 night's re»t during the -whole" period" Just a fortnight ago to-day f we recorded ' the death 1 of the, 5 eldest child, a very bright intelligent girl for her years. On Tuesday morning last the third child, an active little fellow, nearly four years, of) ago, . became very , much worse, >'rid* gradually sank, passing away Wednesday afternoon. The remaining two children were on Thursday visited by Dr Volckman (avlio happened' to be at 'To Aroh?t on a visit from Auckland), who pronounced* them suffering from dipth'eria, although now fairly convalescent. From ' the strongly marked symptoms the parents had come to the conclusion the disease; was diptheria in the case of the little; boy who died this week, and also with regard to the other tivo ill, but > dy.ptheria was never suspected during tile illness. of, the eldest daughter ; although now, from what Dr yolckman eaya, there can be little room to doubt it was from that, complicated with croup, she died. The funeral took place yeatei day,, afternoon, leaving the parents residence at 2.30 p.m. The Rev Mr Nprrie, officiated, and the little fellow was, buried close by where ,hi<* sister was laid juet a fortnight before: Much sympathy is felt for the parents in their double bereavement.