SPORTING.

Southland Times, Issue 18853, 19 June 1920, Page 3

SPORTING.

NOTES BY SIR MODRED. Napier Park races close to-day. National entries on Friday next. Hawke’s Be.v handicaps due June 21. Gay Lad advertised for stud service. Hawke’s Buy acceptance* Wednesday, June 23. Dunedin J.C. Winter meeting yielded a profit. Steeplechaser Luke is working lor a U.ccarton visit. Mrs M. A. Perry’s horses are on the private sale list. Red Ribbon has turf winnings of 10000 to her credit. N’.Z, Trotting Cup is for horses placed in 4.33 or better linn'. Wishful (Bnnlform Drought I has retired from the turf. A Martian —Pride of CTutha filly will represent Mr R. Patterson. (Toss Bros, and Bryce won £3OO in trotting stakes tin- sea-on. Whiton Jockey Chib’s annual meeting due next mouth on July 22. Local owner A. Pettigrew won £220 in stakes during the pre-amt season. G. L. Stead'- Waikato stud farm will be known by the mini” of •■Bracken-held.’' Imported. American stallion Wallc.ce L is leading Southland trotting sire for the .-cason. Mr W. R. KmubaU was very anxious to purchase the Anckbim! ti/ola winner. Royal Abbey, but a I.JI nricc pin a slop to business. The sen of Quinti Abbey put in a season’s hunting la.-t year and is slated to be a pood juniper. The lce.il hor-e:nan W. Robinson is at present on a visil to Namier and may lie found riding at Ih • N■; Dr Park and Hawke s Bay J.r. Wild ■: li.Mutes. Alder a very close contest ;. >1 u’..-cn secured Mr J. Todds gold-mounted v. hip to be presented to the most successful rider in rioutlibimi and Otago during the past season. Tim contest was a very loan mm throughout the .-cii.-on old Golden King ami Benircfoop finally keeping Robinson at the top of the tree with 20 w-ns. as against I b Vming IP, and A. 11. Wilson I/. As tiie Rorke’s Drift Lodge jockey conipib'd .-.'on' in both tint and jumping • ■ l; s win was a pe'rit.'ri"i;s one. G. 'Soling had, the bc.-t average of w’ns with less mounts to draw upon than Cither the winner or A. if. Wilma. Tim An,- fining J "'my i’iub wilt present a trophy to the l raim. r and rider of each winner at the Royal ;;; "ating to be concluded at Rar.siwick to-ui.y. The owner of each ■winner will rce- ;ve a piece of plate. The public win be v.itii the Duncvlin Jockey Club in : rmennng a motion at the forthcoming u ,-:i ting of the Racing Conference ’ dect, of giving a club power ; i minim no, esi menus on a i; Tse which does mo -p.m, although the rider may have weighed our for dm race. A now rule proposing t.> give imagers a run lor their money simr l -! nice; with the approval of delegates l ■ dm Conference. It is und.u-rood that .. i offer of 700 guineas mr th ■ !••• ai’y-tr.dm-d ge! ling Bengeroop was tnrm-d mini by th.c owner o; the Calibre- • Ain: did gdi-mer. It is a tempting price to refo ” for a. gelding who had to be thrown out of v. iv-k la.-t season, but the chestnut looks Pk” developing into an excellent money -pinner. The stce; |eeha.-vr ITsumv.'mk, who could month" ago I writes ■'Cdema'”” in Cue Dominion’, won him) in .he sat the Gisborne meeting. !!■• im • i-eti i mured for the Hawke’s Bay meeting. The ex-Hawk-.-’.- .lay owner and breeder. Sir E. J. Watt, who ill.- been residing in Sydney since Cm , ariy days of ihe w ir, is expected on a hj. iiday vi.-it to New Zealand u: tim end of tile ia.mtii. -Advice" received by la.-t week’s me.il from Sydney .-tate th it ! i hj t is phasing hi- trainer by his uauac at R :r.uwi”k, and there is every probability of him racing at tiie Roy.;! meeting. It is rrportc 1 from Hastings that Chillies, by Achilla.---Baiimem, has bean dis:-laying marked ability m hi.- .schooling tasks over the iug fences, and im is looked upon as an early winner of a .-e-w! a ha c. At the month! v ume ing of the Winlon Trotting Cbm. /■ po-m lent iMr W. D. Co •.vie. being in die ch-.ir. th- -ee-amiry s Action in snood': h'g February 2an the dale for tiie next raw mwting was approved. -- It was dec.id Vr W. T. Had tt as the Club’.- re r.-enta! ivc nr the annual meeting of tim New Zealand Trotting Conference. —Tha Christchurch 'drew Company wrote advising ih.it limy were sen,hug a copy of tiie N.Z. R: f'-rec for tiling purposes. Company to be t’.mnke ■On the motion of Mcssr- Jami' -op and Bnth-r it was decided to send a h-toT of condolence to ii:e relative.- of ihe Lm 'dr Thomas Evans. It is interest ing to note lani the winners of both the Imgli.d; Lvny and t >ak- were br“d in If ■! ;ti '. S:•! mn [Cop, by the Carbine horse rip- armim. was bred by ins owner. Major G. 1.--and ilm ilgrl.-y winner’s dan,, Han oncida -ii ilbdum; ,• - -Conaenion I was a too-iioi a iwm’au'sc here If. Racing on until .-.*!•• Was nine years of ag ■ Hammerkop proved a pood stayer from a mile and a quarter upwards, her most outstanding slice e.-s- being deenvoii 11 wo miles and :t quart : as a li v e year old. riim was 17 year.. oM v. h-m produced th” D-nby winner. Trainer d. Inh n; m p.irn prepan d H.trunicrkop. Spearmint, and ripmn Kop for their rc.-rci-rivc raei-.. Th” > 'aks was won by Chari”: ail”, by i 'italics < t'Maliey -• Eli.-hey Bade. by Ru.-hy dark (Hampton -

Sunshine . Th--r ■ wa- a tuur-rai-in r lim.-ii in which Chari-i-e!!-' ju-r bear Cmna. Mr A. I’. Clin!:')'.-, v.!:.> r:'.■ ■ ■ 1 t 'h'irle:- I) Malley, also bred and owns lie’ 1 ’aks winner. Trainer J. Cray has taken up the five-year-oid Admiral ii.-br again, and tile sain of Vice-Admiral an! Gamine, by Taman--Cobweb. v t’,l •• ■ lu.-ki ■! al-i.u: mr ,-ome time to ■-I.IUC to bud I If-;- up far spring training. Tbs crack son o; i'emnsthem-;, viz,, Amyin g Meii)OUM;a Cl.;’, b'll Ge'l-e i- 11- > i n form-.i-Fh-ming? au.| ■- on ! in- -ar is however, India if 1. 1 1 , .bik 1 - adm-re-- Pi hi- recent * spell. The racecourse del--''!iv„■ i;t.• ■ -I ii jn looks like being a prominent one at roe forthcoming New Zealand Racing ('nnp-renee, who are moving in the matter, hi audition to which the \\ hang uvi Racing dub have tile f -I! •wing notice of m.,.|;on: -' That this Conferer.ee 'die unsatis)'acton- eo.idttions prevailing in do- appoupua-up- of He emur.-o dele.clives and a.b. lii.J die Mmi.-u-i- of internal Atfairs tuaU-n.ake He,.- a; poinluu nts, 8s is done in the ease of toiali-aior im-pee-tmn. Although only a live year-old. Slowcoach must be a h.'.rdy customer, for when .-addled up for tic V. nit- r S:eeplech:i.-on W’ednesday (wrU'-s "Whalebone’’ in Auckland Sian he did not give the impression that the severe race ha had tn the Great Northern had noa-h ■ l lner'an'-e to turn. In die race he was naviv handled by G. hj i -liling, who had him w-!l pia.e.il all the wuy. and thou:,!; in- had to in- hard ridden over the Concluding .-revs !o Ue. ai Wmaliu !;e anS w ere t die reman is ii.ade on him in (lie games! inanm r i 0.-.-ible. and lus per.on.iBIK - .- we- an attr.u-'ivo one. Evidentlv tin- Manawe.ru Racing Club is not K.d.di'-il wi’.ii lie- [in-sent eonstiiution of th- fv i■ e Zealand Racing Conference, ‘or tl ■ . are .Gj-i;;-;"'.j" po-m ;i linil'.'L' oi u;otion : '•That a ST.’-eial eoniniittee be se; up to con-Fie-ar and report u die Conlerenee on ike ad’. isabilit V oi amending the present eonstitilt;.■ 11 of dae New Zealand Racing Conference.” A highlv-bred cod., I>y Kilbroney (imp.) from tii-v Ifivi dmp. ! lire- arnyrd Irnui the Malaura l-rere! ids rlet and joined the Rorke's L>r;fi 1 übge team. THE JOCKEY’S DISPUTE. A REPLY TO CRITICISMS. I By Sir Modred.) In joining die opt orients of the Jockeys’ Association, t.--r medium of the corrcspnnd-cn'-e column ..f diis paper, Mr Eric Russell ha.- quite overlooked several important facts that cannot be eontrou-rt'.nl. For iust'incc, the reasons actuating owners to race horses have nothing to do with the case. Racing

horses, whether for sport or gain, entails the creation of work, and the main object of the Jockeys’ Association is to ensure that this labour is carried out under fair living conditions with regard to hours and wages. The fashionable or well recognised horseman is all right, there is, or should be, no difficulty in assessing any increase in payments due successful jockeys, hut behind these young fellows come an army of employees almost overlooked and in many cases inadequately paid—the bait held out that they may one day in turn prove successful is unfair, -especially when it is allied to the practice of restricting the riding of fast work, trials and races to very few lads, with the preference for the proved jockey, or favoured apprentice of very limited weight. Then, again, there is the steeplechase horseman, who has before him only about three months in the year in which he can profitably pursue his hazardous calling. If he has a wife end family or other relatives depending upon him he is compelled to seek work far from the haunts of the holiday crowds of the racecourse in the oIT season. Then, when his riding term comes round, he is asked, on most occasions, to school seasoned, parti,dly educated or untried horses in bleak and often wintry weather for nothing, taking a heavy risk of being put out of -nan before his first paid mount comes to hand.

Mr Russell, and those who think with him, 'nave also overlooked the fact that stakes have been rising rapidly of late years and will next season reach a total hitherto unknown in Maoriland. yet it was not until the Jockeys' Association forced the matter under their notice that any move was made by those concerned to improve the remuneration /r the toiler- connected with the sport. uii.T, even at the present advanced stage of the dispute, how many owners and trainers have thought fit to consider the humbler participators in the great game and yield to them a place in the sun. Owners with many other interr.-ts at stake may be excused to some extent for overlooking these matters, but. now that the Jockeys’ Association have caused a stir in the world of sport and elsewhere, they must face the situation with their eye.-, open. There are trainers who look keenly to the welfare of rheir employees, give them every chance to advance themselves in hie, endeavour to instruct them in the path of success, and bring their grievances under the notice of owners, but they are in the minority. Other i r liners fail to see why conditions with which they were familiar in the struggling ■ lays of tie turf should be changed, arguing that hard work, low pay. long hours, and iron discipline are necessary for the development of a -successful rider. They are no more necessary than rho old-time exacting work given thoroughbreds, when horses were sweated constantly, worked over lengthy distances, and savagely ridden out in races with whip and spur racehorses have improves under more humane treatment and why should jockeys nor do the same? The secretary of the Racing Conference onoted by Mr Rus.-ell as saying that ‘'it would be detrimental to the interest of the sport to give official recognition to the -toekeys’ Association, so long as it adheres to its present platform." Mr Russell has again overlooked the fact that the Racing Conference proposes to adopt a very large number of planks from the Association’s platform, while at the same time ignoring that body. The writer would also ask Mr Russell, a gentleman of leg:;! training and considerable experience of the world and its ways, if he is prepared to subscribe to the proposal of the 'lead of the Racing Confcri nee. Sir George (TiiTord, that the jockeys form an association in conjunction with the trainers, presumably an association without legal standing, to work under the Racing Coaferenc.** Readers can imagine how jockeys, -table helps and apprentices would get, on if allied to trainers (their employers) to consul; with another section of employers (rh-e Racine Conference i. Such a proposal is illogcm! in the extreme and the world at large aid independent followers of racing In particular can only look upon it with distrust and suspicion. In coaclndnn, the writer would direct the attention of .Mr Russell and his supporters to a rcsilurion carried by one of the most coiiservativ e clubs in New Zealand no later than last week. The resolution, which has to lie credited to the Hawke's Ray Jockey flub, docs not go to the length of countenancing a jockeys’ union registered under the law of the land, but it admits the justice of liic prmupl” of an association of jockeys in the foil-.wnig terms ‘That in the opinion of this committee the sport of racing cannot be continued while there is a registered jockeys’ union, but that the reasonable and prnp.-r representations of a joekeys’ astfoctat mu placed before the conference in proper terms should receive the fair and full con. it fir .nun of the chairman and members, and that every effort should be made to meet any reasonable demands of (.he joekeys bearing on their conditions of employment, and that in tins respect the conference may rely on the whole support of the committee n; any action it may lake.” i 1...i the Racing Conference officials taken a reasonable view of (ne complaints of Imrcmen ami stable hands in the first ; and not endeavoured to carry matters.

will) a high hand it is more than likely that :he prc-'cn:. .(ockeys - A.-Mn-intion would not have been regt-tered under the Industrial (Amediation and Arbitration Act and thus a great deal ot tremble, less and bad feeling would have been obviated. B is not too hue in come- to an underst ending at the ore.-vnt acme stage of the dispute, but the idea of jockeys anil other employ.-...-. j„i n . mg up wild iriimTs in a lame r.ibbil association wih have to be jp:: isomal. LIGHT HARNESS HORSEMAN HONOURED. FAREWELL TO MR W. ML HI. When it bee'ime known that sir Vy'. Muir •e.s.s ebon; pi leave Vv inton on account of his hmihh (: ays IVinton Record) a I.’.rge number of friemis met him in the .Jockey Ci :b rooms on Wednesday evening. Mr W. Cov.ie ( President of the Trotting t’lub' presided, and after the loyal toast had been honoured, the chairman said they ;.! 1 very Hindi regret let! that for h-allii reason-- Mr Muir was leaving them. There wtis not a more competent trainer, driver or Imr.-am in in the di-trict than Bill Muir, and ;■ was i .-incere wish of his numerous fri-nds tint, the change of climate would speedily re.-tore him to his it.-nal good he;i!t!> and T ?): 1 1 he would soon be back in Wiuton again. On b-half of many friends Mr Eowie presented Mr Muir with a handsome ■hiving ourlU and fountain pen. Mr R. Jamieson said Mr Muir was not oidv a very capable man wit.n trotter-, iaar had Lveii in all his racing career in.m-.t tua.l atreight. They would not s;iy goo i bye to him, but just au revoir. Messrs H. Cunningham, W. McKenzie, J. Brits.--, •!. Butler. J. McDonald, and T. Hamboni abo referre;! to Mr Muir's many line pualitdes and his capabilities as a trotting trainer and driver. Mr Muir was warmly applauded as he rose to aeknov. ledge the gifts and kindly sentiments. He said he was going north for health reasons, and could assure then, that ■ -.- soon as he got belter he would make Iraight back to Winton. He very much appreciated all that hid been said, and it was unnecessary to say how much he treasured the gifts. He would, endeavour to let them kreu.- from time to time all about the trolling tip north. ‘ For lie's a jolly good fellow," was heartily sung bv the assemblage. Songs wer■ contributed by Messrs XL Allan, F. Tilley, P. Biomlield, P. Grimwood, W. Heals, and J. Mclntosh. After the toasts of the Racing and Troll mg Clubs and Chairman hail been honoured, a pleasant function was bv'tight to a close witn "fluid Lang Syne.”

TROTTING NOTES FROM CHRISTI CHURCH. j (Special to the Times.) CHRISTCHURCH, Juno 18. A. Bright, who has been living in the South Canterbury district for some time, has accepted the position of private trainer to !Mr T. T. Ritchie, of Dunedin. Bright has been very successful in the education of green horses, Sherwood, Nancy Stair, Irvar j mid the three-year-old filly Miss Edith being i among those he handled in the early part ' of their careers.

The two-year-old filly, Miss Florrie, was purchased recently by a North Canterbury sportsman at a substantial figure. The pacer Vice-Admiral and the two-year-olds, Phil Smith and Avenue with the trotter Rita Rose, are to be turned out for the winter. The West Coast trainer, D. who Jins had his team, consisting of Mirvolo, Marvetta and Henry Tracey working at Ilcathconte for some time past, has removed to Halswell and will work his horses on Mr Pascoc’s private track in the future. The Heathcoate trainer, J. D. Smith, has returned most of his team to their owners for the winter. He kept Silver Heir.Kaweah and Albert Wallace, intending to work them along in view of the August meeting at Addington, The three horses were treated to light physic, but evidently there was something wrong, as all three horses were taken seriously ill and the veterinary surgeon has been ill constant attendance. The three horses will take a long time to recover. NAPIER PARK RACING CLUB. OPENING OF WINTER MEETING. (Per United Press Association.) NAPIER. June 18. The Napier Park Winter meeting opened to-day in fine weather, with a good attendance. The investments totalled £21,798 as against £19,955 on the first day last year. Results: — MOTEO HACK HURDLE RACE, £2OO (one mile and three-quarters)—Hendra, by Royal Artillery —Hecuba, aged, 11.9 (R. McSweeney) 1; All Over 11.6, 2; Marshal Neil 9.0, 3. Also started— Ladogeur 10.8, Hirkenvale 9.11, Vacuum 9.8, Sir Agnes 9.5, Banoguc 9.0, Cyra 9.0. Hendra finished strong and won easily by three lengths, Marshal Noil well back third, _ followed by I.adnguer. Time 3rnin 21 4-ssecs.

PETANE HACK STEEPLECHASE, £250 {about two miles) —Oakleigh, by St. Amaru? Jean, aged, 11.12, 1; Slumix 9.7, 2; Maniiatrnn 10.6, 3. Also started —Torchy 10.12, Ninability 10.11, Harbour Light 10.10, Master Webster 10.6, Te Ton 10.6, Jacaranda 9,12, ’Cello 9.9. Nicomar 9.7, Tornea 9.7, Nefischc 9.7, Natability ran off and Tornca fell. Won by a narrow margin from Slumix, Manhattan a long way back. Time. Imin 20 4-ssecs. STEWARDS’ STAKES HANDICAP. <2300 (one mile)— Heather Sprig, by Heather Mixture—La Sabine, 3yrs, 9.2 (A. J. McTTynn) 1; Gold Kip, 9.13, 2; Maioha 10. Ul, 3*. Also ran—Bagdad 9.11, Goldshine 9.10, Risingham 9.8, Eheipa 9.2, Hindi 9.0, Audi Salute 9.0, Rose Pink 9.0. Heather Sprig led all the way and won by two lengths, Maioha, who finished very fast, a. nose away third. Arch Salute fourth. Time, Imin 43 4-osccs. NAPIER STEEPLECHASE HANDICAP, ‘2700. Second £IOO, third £SO. About three miles. B. T. Bennett's b g Khartoum, by King Rufus —Lady Grattan, aged, 9.7 (F. Flynn) 1 W. J. Williams’s Peneton, 6yrs, 9.7 .... 2 C. F. Vnllance’s Luke, 4yrs, 11.4 .... 3 Also started—Old Mungindi 11.8, First Line 10.9, Maraetotara 10.7, Guanaeo 9.10, Polthogue 0.9. SLlcnus 9.7, Chillies 9.7, Bollin ( 9.7. The horses fell or ran off one after another until the placed performers and Sileiius were the only ones to complete the course. Won by two lengths. Time, 6min IS 2-5-ecs. LADIES’ NECKLACE HANDICAP, £IOO. Gentleman riders (one mile and a-quarter) Ruddy, by All Red —Ncroli, syrs, 12.7 (.Vr W. J. Morris) 1; Powder King 10.7, 2; Ethiopian 11.0, 3. Also started —Pretty Bobby 12.7, Black Lace 12.2, Army Service 11.11, Vermillion 11.8, Tatimi 10.11, Eurona 10.9, King Albert 10.7, Sensitive 1U.7, Loch Dhu 10.7, Donnybrook 10.7. Won by a head, third horse two lengths away. Time, 2min 16 2-ssecs. AHUKIRI HURDLE RACE, £4OO (one mile am! three quarters)—Paddington Green, by ITagfall —Polly Perkins, 6yrs, 9.13, ! ; Zola, 10.8, 2: Coldstream, 10.2, 3. .Also started —Ore Ore 9.9, Meltchikoff 9.1. The winner led over the last fence and won by a length. Meltchikoff was fourth. Time, 3min 18 4-Ssecs. SETTLERS’ HACK HANDICAP, £l5O. (six furlongs)- Mosthenes, by Demosthenes --Dry wood, 3yrs, 9.7 (R. Reed) 1; Lord Astolat, 10.0, 2; Piropiro, 9.0, 3. Also ran -Honey Pee 11.5, Night Time 10.10, Ngata 10.5, Otauru Kid 10.4, Willy’s Knight 9.13. Molyneaux 11.2, Eormline, Yankee Dan 9.5, Mumble 9.7, Sanacre 9.6, Magistrate 9.5, Miss (./iron 0.0, Idleness 9.0, Negambo 9.1), Princess Charming 9.0, Form 9.0, Ben Belt 9,0, Walton 9.0, Tiora 9.0, Wawata 9.0, Master (Inflame 9.0. Won easily by a length. Piropiro close up third. Time, Imin 17 2-5-ecs.

ACCEPTANCES FOR TO-DAY. MEANER HACK HANDICAP (six furlongs i--Ngat h 10.0, Mostbenes 10.5, Waterform 0.12, Yankee Dan 9.6, Mumble 9.5, Sar.aere 9.-1, l ife and Drum 9.3, Magistrate 9.3, Piropiro 9.2, Miss Giron 9.0, Idleness 9.0, Nc-gambo 9.0, Princess Charming 9.0, Pret.:y Miekie 9.0, Master Oriflame 9.0. WAIOfHKI HACK HURDLES (one and a half miles)- Ladoguer 10.7, Pretty Bobby 10.6, Sir Agnes 9.4, Raumanuwhiri 9.3, St rangeways 9.3, Ethiopian 9.2, Sensitive, King Albert, Banogue, Donnyhrook, Raffle, Cyra, Miss De Curtoni and Marshal Neil 9.0. WINTER OATS (7 furlongs)—Maioha 10.12, Ruddy 10.5. Gold Kip 10.4, Heather Sprig 10.0, Bagdad 9.9, Goldshine 9.8. Income 9.8, Honey Bee 9.4, Hyginas 9.2, Rawakore 9.0, Hindi 9.0, Arch Salute 9.0, Hookah 9.0, Rose Pink 9.0. PARK STEEPLECHASE (21 miles) Old Mungindi 11,10, Foeman 11.3, Maractotara 10.12, Khartoum 10.9, Wirokinn 10.S, Guanaco 10.3, Pcncton 10.3, Chillies 9.12, Poithogue 9,9, Harbour Light 9.7, Juan, Notability, Slumix and Manhattan 9.7. HUNTERS’ STEEPLECHASE (21 miles) —-Bollin 11.7, Advance 11.5, Tornea 11.0, Neti.-he 10.11. Vennil 10.11, Bill 10.9, Sturdee 10,7, Sandringham 10.7, Polyanna 10.7, Hikurangi 10.7. PORAITE HURDLES (U miles)—Paddington Green 11.0, Zola 10.13, Coldstream 10.3, Fatima 9.7, Ore Ore 9.5, Strangeways 9.0. NEWSTEAD HACK HANDICAP (7 fur-longs)--Nighttime 10,8, Mosthenes 10.5, Otauru Kid 10,2, Black Lake 9.12, Willy’s Knight 9,11, Molyneaux 9.10, Sanacre 9.4, Rienzi 9.0. Ben Bolt 9.0, Walton 9.0, Loch Dlui 9.0, Woodlark 9.0. FOOTBALL. RUGBY PARK TO-DAY. Regarding the standard of play, Wednesday as compared with Saturday, the opinions of those in a position to judge seem to vary, and, if anything, the Saturday competition games have proved more spectacular. Following on Wednesday’s matches, which proved two exciting events, to-day's matches, Bluff and Public Service and Union v Banks and Law at 2.30 and 3 pan. respectively, will create a good deal of interest, as these teams have previously played interesting football.

MISCONDUCT OF PLAYERS, ACTION BY WELLINGTON UNION. (Per United Press Association.) WELLINGTON, June- 18. The New Zealand Rugby Union had a discussion on the prevalence of bad language and misconduct among local players. It was stated that these offences were far too prevalent and that drastic action was needed. The punishments awarded were too lenient. A resolution was passed calling on the district unions to enforce stricter penalties, the executive being determined to deal drastically with offences, and to forward copies of the proceedings at inquiries with the precise evidence and findings.