ITALY.

Southland Times, Volume I, Issue 41, 31 March 1863, Page 2

ITALY.

The Italian Government has commenced a new cms epgainstbr .mds. Death dealt out wholes ;!e. it is found, cc es to terrify, particularly when tV-'judi?; 1 * are too afr-'d of criminals to convict. Orders have, therefore, been issued to remove all judges who shrink from their duty, to break up all r Miicipalities which shelter criminals, and to employ transportation as the final punishment, instead of dc.ith. The criminals are to be sent, in the first place, to the little island of Lampedusa, and, subsequently, to a spot on the coast of Africa. Conspiracy and plotting are still the order of the dav at Naples. On the evening of the 4th some individuals belonging to the lower class of (lie popu'ation, endeavored to {jet up a demonstration, and raised cries hostile the to government. About iiiteen of them were arrested, among whom were two euvates, some priests, and a colonel formerly in the Bourbon service. Documents were found upon the latter, relating to a revolutionary conspircy. A petard was thrown down, and exploded near the house of a general of the National Guard, but without doing any damage. The population ro'iiiiined perfectly quiet. On the Stb, the police seized the corespondeuce of some Bourbon conspiritors residing at Rome relative to the organization of reactionary committees in the Sou' hern provinces. It appears from this correspondence that the regulations of these committees wore presented by the Dukes of Popoli and Dellargina to the ex-King of Naples, and received his iiDproval. About ten days liter considerable sensation was created in Naples by the arrest of n lady of rank, the Princess Earberinj. Seiorra, who was discovered to be carrying on the agency of a treasonable and Bourbonian conspiracy. The police had for some time watched the movements of this lady, who was well known to have constant assemblages of Bourbonians in her bouse; and finally, when on the way towards the Roman frontier, she was arrested, and found to be engaged in conveying treasonable correspondence to the cx-lCin<j Francis. She is now in prison al"n<T wilh some accomplices. The suppressed discontent of the Poles, of the existence and intensity of which we have from time to time had indications in the political assassinations which have been perpetrated, has now broken out into open insurrection. The immediate cause is .-..id to be the conscription which hi." just tii 1 ; n place throughout Poland, but. t'\c or^anied manner in which the revolution comwnced shows that it must have been lon : planned. The .:cheme was to massa ere the whole of (he Russian soldiers cantoned in the various towns. Accordingly, at midni"bt on the 22nd inst, at Warsaw, and in every town throughout the province, the revolutionists simultaneously hll upon the various detachments of Russian troops, and killed all the .soldiers they found in the houses where they were bilHted, and then set fire to several villages. At Warsaw, after the first confusion was over, the detachments of Russian military united, and a serious encounter took place between them and the insurgents, and the latter were repulsed. Even more serious encounters took place at Plock and other towns. The insurgents were concentrating their forces in the forests of Naiselck, on the borders of the Vistula. The Russians were preparing to att ck the revolutionists, and the whole of Poland has been placed under martial law. The dawn of the new year was happily obscured by no clouds at the Tuilleries. The receptions which, since the explosion of 1859, have been so anxiously anticipated, passed off crlmly and without noticeable Incident. The Emperor is in a most pacific mood and threatens nobody. Even Spain escaped snubbing. The world felt sensibly relieved on the niorning of the 2nd. The faces of the sons of ',nmmon looked appreciably brighter. On the 12th inst., his Majesty opened the parliamentary srssion in person, lie commenced a long and temperate speech by remarking that, " to have anticipated the time fixed for the dissolution by the Constitution, would have been an act of ingratitude." In five years he, with their assistance, had proved that there was no country, however distant, where an attempt against the honor of France could remain unpunished. Two new provinces had been secured, a vast territory had been thrown open in the far east, "and, what was better than conquests, they had acquired claims to the sympathy of the peoples without losing the confidence of the Governments." _ He 1 had held interviews with many sovereigns, had " tried to obliterate the remembrance of civil discords," bad " increased the importance of the great bodie of the State," and had given up a valuable prerogative. It would be necessary to tote a gr-nt for the people distressed by the cotton famine, ; r the maritime powers hsd not acceded to his proposal for mediation ; and he would re- . '• d tha.vi (o toll their fellow-citizens to avoid cot fliets. " They must send to the Chamber men who, like the present deputies, accept the present sys' em without reserve, and prefor serious deliberations to sterile discus, ions."