ARRIVAL IN MELBOURNE OF THE OCTOBER MAILS PER "BOMBAY."

Southland Times, Volume I, Issue 15, 30 December 1862, Page 2

ARRIVAL IN MELBOURNE OF THE OCTOBER MAILS PER "BOMBAY."

We have received copies of English papers i to the 27th of October. We extract as follows from the Home News : — • ENGLAND. j Londox, October 27, 1862. 3 The reports conveyed by the present mail of tlw « continued and increasing distress in the cottoa t manufacturing districts will show our readers ho* ( welcome the subscriptions just received from 1 Australia have been, and we "need only say thai i the alacrity with which those large sums have been < raised has "called forth in England expressions oi ■* admiration no less than of gratitude. It will be j seen that there is as yet no prospect whatever of a release from the terrible calamity which afflicts a c portion of our population counted by hundreds of r thousands. As winter approaches, the gloom of t the situation deepens, to a deficiency of food is c added the want of fuel and warm clothing. The s appearance of contagious disease, too, which the f debilitated frames of the sufferers will be little able \ to resist, introduces a new and dreadful element of n misery. In this all but desperate emergency there I is one circumstance which will doubtless intensify p the sympathies of our distant friends ; and that is c the temper with which distress so deep and so n wide spread is endured. There has been no popular s cry for intervention, f»r v forcible breaking of the c American bloeade, or even for a recognition of the fi South. Lancashire has from first to last postponed r the consideration of her own needs to a regard for o that policy which the country deems just. Our history affords few, if any, more striking example Ji than this of public spirit and loyal devotion. o v AMERICA. a The arrival of an American steamer at Queenstown yesterday (October 26) puts us in possession , of news from New York, by way of Cape Race : , to the 17th Otober. According to the latest infermation, General M'Clellan had crossed the Potc- , mac and established his headquarters at Charles- j tovni, Virginia, his vanguard having been pushei three miles beyond that place. The main body <£ P the Confederates was said to be posted betwee: Bunker's Hill and the Shenandoah river. Another division of M-Clellan's army bad endeavored t: reach Shepherdstown, but meeting the Confederates in force, retreated. The raid of Genera'; Stuart in Pennsylvania turns out to be one o: those dashing exploits which has more than once been "performed by the Confederates during tha war. * Crossing the Potomac at Hancock, Stuart, with a small body of cavalry, penetrated into Pennsylvania, took from Jlercersburg, Chambersburg, "and other towns about 1000 horses, and *• large quantities of boots and clothing, and pass- a ' 'ng 1 completely round M'Clellan's army recrossed P the Potomac at Edward's Ferry, not far from' P Leesburg. Sl In Kentucky another battle is said to have been P fought between Harrodsville and Danville, ia d which the Confederates were defeated. Tha Federals are reported !o have captured 1000 pri* , a( soners, and the Cenfederate General Bragg was said to be killed. According to the latest ac- ll counts. General Buell was pressing the Confede- P ; ra i. closely, and skirmishing was constantly go ; t on. At Yervsailles, Kentucky, Federa c - General Dumont had captured two pieces of can- P 1 non and 150 prisoners. As a set-off to this, however, we have the statement that at Frankfort^^ Kentucky, which the Confederates were re^bnfai' to have" evacuated, they had captured a \ xzp .. quantity of Federal waggons and 500 prisoner? " In Tennessee the Confederates had surrounded. ™ Nashv"'e; and on the 11th October demanded its Ql surrender. The demand was refused, and it wa< *] believed that the Federal force was amply suffi- y cient to defend the city. J In Mississippi the pursuit of the Confederate! ™ defeated at Corinth had been abandoned, and the be"' 1 quarters of the Federals pushed forwards J* Rien~i, a small town on the Mobile railway. Th« J*? Confederates, it is said, acknowledge to defeat at * Corinth, and estimate their loss at 5000 men. "^ The Democrats of New York have held a meet- ™ ing in which they denounced the anti-slavery pro- I elamationof the President, and the suspension ot -Jjj tb.ehab.-as corpus, and called on the government.^ tj carry on the war constitutionally. The Bopublicans were denounced as revolutionary. At the meeting a letter from General Scott to My. & ' Seward, written in March, 1861, was read. In it j^ the general advocated the adoption of the Crit ' tenden compromise, or else that the Confederate? V should bo allowed to depart in peace. The cou-_g a quest of the South, could, ho said, bo effected i&

three veais with 300,000 men under generals like &fx, Wolfe, «Hoche,but.witW enormous Mst of Wood and treasure. Evefa when^ubjugated, however, he considered the people vhottld have to deheM in subjection for generations by large gfl Th ß e°r n ce 9 'iSa report tbat the Southern leaders -Jri by want o?men, are turning their thoughts f>£ plamof partial emancipation. Their idea is '*£ abolfch the law under which a ™*™£™Z nezro blood is Jield to be a negro, and substitute SKriUple that any white blood makes a man SvillywMfc, provided he ism the army. They Sate that this will give a vast body of reS, and create inextinguishable jealousy between the two coloured races, the mulatto* thus SS as buffers between the purely black and W Commod coree ore Wilkes, of "Trent" notoriety, havhS teen ordered by the Federal governJSJof the North American States to proceed to fte vicinity of the Bahama Islands, with a view of cutting off all intended supplies from that quarter for tho Confederates, the British authorities .have n the anticipationof any complications whic> may arise, ordered reinfortements « ££ertatchedto tlsipit? ander Milne may deem their presence necessary.

PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPATION. Even in this crisis of tho war the most important nart of the intelligence of the past month refers to rSI&S ** ft military movement. President Lincon his issued a proclamation declaring that •^H States which shall not have returned to the > 1?1863,the slaves shall after that date be free. This proclamation, which is dated Sept. 22, runs as follows : — Lincoln, Prudent of the United States of America, and Commander-in. Chief ot tho Army and Navy thereof, do hereby proclaim and declare that hereafter, as heretofore, the war will bo prosecuted for the object of practically restoring the* constitutional relations between the United StatcTand the people thereof, in which States that relation is, or may be, suspended or disturbed j that it is my purpose, upon the next meeting of Confess, to again recommend the adoption of a practical measure tendering pecuniary aid to the free acceptance or rejection of all the Slave States, fl o called, the people whereof may not then be in rebellion against the United States, and which States may then have voluntarily adopted or i thereafter may adopt, the immediate or gradual \ abolishment of slavery within there respective {limits; and that the efforts to colonise persons ot African descent, with their consent, upon the continent or elsewhere, with the previously obtained consent of the governments existing there, will be continued; that on the Ist day of January, in tho year of our Lord 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State, or any designated part ot a State the people whereof shall then hem rebellion against the United States, shall be then thenceforward and for ever free; and the executive eovernment of the United States, including the militaryand nnval authorities thereof, will recognise and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom; that the executive will on the Ist day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and part of States, if any in which the people thereof respectively shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority ot the qualified voters of such State shall have participated shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such Stnte and the people thereof have not been in rebellion against the United States. I* That attention is hereby called to an Act ot 'A Congress entitled "An Act to make an additional if Article of War," approved March 13, 1862, and % which act is in the word and figure following :— ■a Be it enacted by the Senate and ITouse ot % Representatives of the United States of America I in Congress assembled, that hereafter the following £ shall be promulgated as an additional article of l| war for the government of the army of the United §j States, and shall be obeyed and observed as '] such : — . A . .... t| « Article —All officers or persons m the military •* or naval service of the United States are prohibited H from employing any of the forces under their % respective commands for the purpose of returning ■'I fugitives from service or labor who may have p, escaped from any persons to whom such service H or labor is claimed to be due, and any officer who & shall be found guilty by a court-martial of violating '1 Ti/Js article shall be dismissed from the service. I -'Section 2.— And be it further enacted that I this act shall take effect from and after its [ii passage." | Also to the 9th and 10th sections of an act Ij entitled <: An Act to suppress insurrection, to if punish treason and rebellion, to seize and confiscate i| property of rebels, and for other purposes," ap-(OT-proved'July 17, 1862, nnd which sections are in W' the words and figures following : — |1 Section 9.— And be it further enacted that all I slaves of persons who shall hereafter be engaged | in rebellion against the government of the United i States, or who shall in any way give aid or comfort $ thereto, escaping from such persons and taking I refuje within the lin es of the army, and all slaves <% captured from such persons, or deserted by them, ;ff and coming under the control of the government I | of the United States, and all slaves of such persons 'j found on (or being within) any place occupied by i t rebel forces, and afterwards occupied by the forces >f? of the United States, shall be deemed captures of : | war, and shall be for ever free of their servitude, i and not again held as slave 3. ,:| Section ]0. — And be it further enacted that no i i slave escaping into any State, territory, or the f f> district of Columbia, from any of the States, shall I 1 be delivered up, or in any way impeded or hindered I I of his liberty, except for crime or for some offence I t against the laws, unless the person claiming said s I fugitive shall first make oath that the person to ) 1 whom the labor or service of such fugitive is £ 1 alleged to be due is his lawful owner, and has not J 1 been in arms against the United States in the " I present rebellion, nor in any way given aid and i m comfort thereto ; and no person engaged in the )g military and naval service of the United States ri shall, under any pretence whatever, assume to »{§ decide on the validity of the claims of any person 3i| to the service or labor of any other person, or lif surrender up any person to the claimant, on pain eH of being dismissed from the service. ri And I do hereby enjoin upon and order all i { persons engaged in the military and naval service of the United' States to observe, obey, and enforce I wiihin their respective sphere of service the act I and sections above recited. I And the executive will in due time recommend j that all citizens of the United States who shall , have remained loyal thereto throughout the re- ,' bellion, shall upon the restoration of the constit utional relations between the United States and * ! their respective States and people (if the relation j I shall have been suspended or disturbed), be com- ( j peneated for all losses by acts of the United States, tt including the loss of slaves. j In witness whereof I have hereunto set my g hand, and cause the seal of the United States to „ be affixed. ' j ; Abkaham Li^coLif. A Done at the city of "Washington, this 22nd dav ,J of September, in the year of our Lord 1862, and J of the independence of the United States the 87th. j. I By the President, M William H. Sewaed, Secretary of State. j.h The Governors of 16 Union States assembled on di the 24th September, at Actoona, Pennsylvania,and yM adjourned on tho 25th to Washington, where they d| presented an address to President Lincoln, exnl pressing their determination to support his conjisfitutional authority, approving the emancin l pation proclamation, nnd suggesting the expejM diency of raising a reserve force of 10^,000 men. L ofl The Governor of Maryland objected to sign the i.i address approving the emancipation proclamation. laH The Louisville Journal declares that Ken 3 ,|j lucky will never acquiesce in President Lincoln's xM proclamation. lyi The New York Republican State Cenvehtion, j]i express profound satisfaction at the President's i.jj proclamation. f.jl President Lincoln was serenaded on the night fr&f the 24th September, and in response made a Jpeech : — Ig 4f iibw-Citizens, — I appear before you to do B ,||h'ttle more than acknowledge the courtesy you pay !( jHEie, and to thank you for it. I have not been tjgdistinctly informed why it is on this occasion you jjgappear to do me this honor, though I suppose — \. H (interruptions) — it is because of the proclamation; |j(Ories of " Good," and applause.) I was about to jjgsay I suppose I understand it. (Laughter.) (Voices ioj§~-" That you do, you thoroughly understand it.") r^aWhat I did I did after very full deliberation and iggunder a very heavy and solemn sense of responsi(Cries of " Good, good ! " _" Bless you ! " Spn<i applause.) I can only trust in God I have t-||nade no mistake. (Cries, "No mistake — all j.j|pght — you have made no mistake yet, go ahead, jf jlpu are right.") I shall make no attempt on this itSpttason to sustain what I have done or said by any g.Bfomment. Voices— " That is unnecessary, we it.") It is now for the country and the r.fflrorlrl to pass judgment on it, and may be, take onu P on **" w '" sa^ no Iriorc on " 5e subject, t n toy position lam surrounded with difficulties. bS II to ' cc j "That's so.") Yet they are scarcely so j.HKi'eat as the difficulties of those who, upon the inlH"e-neld , are endeavoring to purchase with their ||>lood aru i w \ r \\ yeii ( uc future linppiness and t

prosperity of this country. (Applause, long and continued.) Let us never forget them. On the 14th and 17th days of the present month there have been battles bravely, skilfully, and successfully fought. (Applause.) We do not yet know the particulars. Let tts be euro that giving praise to rirticular individuals we do no injustice to others, only ask you, at the conclusion of these few remarks, to give three hearty cheers to all good and brave officers and men who fought the successful battles. FRANCE. M. Fould has just made a speech at Marseilles; but he did not say a word about the ministerial change at Paris. He went to Marseilles to inaugurate the Indo-Chinese packet service; and he confined his observations to the subject of the commercial interests and commercial prospects of France in the Eastern seas. Marseilles he proclaimed to be the future emporium of European 'commerce with the East. He announced his firm belief not simply in the practicability of the Suez Canal, but in its being brought into actual working before the lapse of any very long period of time. The accomplishment of that event, ho declared, will render Marseilles the centre of relations between Europe and Asia. He thought there was a Providence in the destiny which he thus foretold of the oldest city of the western world, once colonised by Greeks of the age of Thucydides, being reserved for that distinction, which, according to him, we are to live to see. The new French Indo-Chinese packet service, as our readers are aware, is to connect Marseilles with Suez, Aden, Ceylon, Segon, Pondicherry, Madras, Calcutta, Chandernagore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Eeunion. M: Fould drew a remarkable picture of the increase .of French trade since the commencement of the empire. In 1852 the tonnage of ships entered and cleared at Marseilles was under two millions. It is already in excess of three millions. More striking still is the increase in the trade with China, especially in her silks. In 1852 a few thousand kilogrammes of Cnineso silks were sent to Lyons as a mere experiment. In 1861 not less than three million kilogrammes were sent there, as M. Fould expressed it, "to meet the consumption arising from cheap manufacture." The French ministry has undergone a change since the Emperor's return to Paris. M. Thouvenel, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, has retired, and is succeeded by M, JDroun de Lhuys. It was rumourM that M. Persigny and M. Achille Fould, and one or two other members of the cabinet who agree with M. Thouvenel in advising the withdrawal of the French army from Borne, would also resign; but they do not. The Prince de Latour d'Auvergne, a noted PI tram ontine, succeeds M. 'do Lavalette as ambassador to Rome. These changes, have, of course, been interpreted as signifying the emperor's determination to avert or delay a r jj>ture with the Pope. Besides the appointment of M. do Latour d'Auvergne, as French ambassador to Eome, the followiug appointments are announced : — As Ministers Plenipotentiary, M. Tallyrand Pevingord to Prussia, M. Sartiges to Italy, M. Bauditothe Netherlands, aad M. Fournier to Sweeden. ITALY: A telegram from Turin affirm? that the alarming reports regarding Garibaldi's health are exaggerations, and that the patient is, in fact, recovering. It is certain, however, that Garibaldi's friends consider his situation so serious as to render another visit from Professor Partridge necessary. The latter has been telegraphed for and has left for Spezzia. A French physician has likewise been summoned, and has taken his departure. A consultation is to be held at Spezzia on the 29th of October. There is a report in Turin that the new Foreign Minister of France has proposed to the Italian government the revocation of the vote of the Parliament which declared Rome the capital of Itnly. The Discussione, in noticing this rumour, says no ministry would be possible in Italy -which would permit such a mutilation of the national programme. However this may be, that some such proposition is about to be enforced on the Italian government acquires a probability from a paragraph in the semi official La France of October 23, which states that M. de Sartiges, the new ambassador at Turin, will request the Italian government to give its adhesion to the plan of reconciliation between Italy and the Papacy which Prince de L:itour d'Auverne has been instructed to support at Kome — viz., the guarantee of the Pontifical territory by th<? European powers. Rumours of ministerial changes, supposed to be likely consequences of the turn taken in Italian policy at Paris, are rife, but cannot be traced to any definite foundation. REVOLUTION IN GREECE. News of a very serious character has just been received from Greece. It amounts to nothing less than that a complete and triumphant revolution has actually been accompliseed in that country, and that Otho is no longer king. We have received several scraps of news, varying in some details, but the same in general purport. According to news received in Smyrna from Athens, King Otho has abdicated, and" has taken his departure, but his destination was not known. In Trieste intelligence has been received from Athens, according to which Otho has abdicated in favor of his brother. Various reports say that a provisional government, in the name of the people and the garrison, has declared the dynasty of King Otho to be deposed, and that M. Mavrocordato has been elected President of the provisional government. According to reports latest received and credited in Pans, it was at least certain that the insurrection had spread everywhere, that a provisional government of some kind had been proclaimed and accepted, and that whether by abdication or by being forcibly deposed, the incapable and worthless Bavarian prince had ceased to reign. A national assembly has beeu convened say the Paris accounts, the greatest enthusiasm perevails everywhere, and there lias boon no infraction of order. Constantinople telegrams staffthat Otho has actually left Greece. The chiefs of the insurrection are descri.ed as belonging to the best families of Greece, nnd partisans rather of monarchical than republican government. The Turkish government has ordered the concentration of troops upon the Albanian frontier. Some of the Paris papers are greatly excited about some reports that the English squadron stationed at Malta is to proceed to the Piraeus, and La France is sure that if English ships be sent (here a strong French naval division will be there too,