NOTES AND QUERIES.

Otago Witness, Issue 2896, 15 September 1909, Page 51

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Questions for reply in comiDg iS3ua to b» !»- eeired not later than MONDAY night.

j j) — Your first oommun'cation was sent to the' editor oi the Otago Daily Times. Particuhtrs cf a court case arc unobtainable, as ths infoxmaticn you supply is too meg:e. If you have given the exact wording of your contract those in the trade here consider the meaning is three coats in addition to the priming coat, or foui coats in all. J. P. L.— There is no person of the name you mention in business at the present time. W. J. Newe-1, 14? Princes street, Dunedin, will be able to supply your -wants. J. C. Cambrian, asks: (1) How many times a yea-r does the codl'.n moth affect trees? (2) Is once a week sufficiently often to spray? (3) What is the beat thing to use? - — 1) Thz codlin moth commences its ■work of destruction on the moth escaping from the cocoon in the spring. (2) The app'.e trees should be sprayed, just as the peta s drop, with Paris green, in the proportion of lib of Paris green to 300 gallons of lime water; a second, third. a.nd even fourth spraying should be given at 'interval* of about seven to ten days. In preparing the Paris groen, take lib of Paris green and mix t-o a paste with a little water; slake about 6Lb or Blb ot lime in about 10 gallons of water; when it is s-mewbat settled draw- off the water, and add sufficient water to make up 200 gallons; add the Paris green. After thoroughly mixing it is ready for uee. It is necessary to keej. the solution welL stirred while using. Supplement the work of spraying by attaching a band of light sacking round each tree about lft from the giound ; examine ■weekly, and destroy all larvae found in the ban-dages, and frequently and systematically pick all infected fruit from the tree 3. This fruit should bo Loikd, burnt, or otherwise treated; en no account give it to the pigs or stock, as the grub may take shelter, and io tinse escape as a moth to perpetuate the pest. ifqTOBMAN asks what course of etudy he must undergo to qualify for the position oi motorman. — —There is no specitied coursa of study. In the Dunedin as in most, other services motormen graduate from the rank of conductor. The applicant must enter as a conductor in order to became thoroughly conversant with equipments, etc. Then those whom the management consider most suited go through » course of training prior to being promoted as motormen. Backblocks asks where he might purchase a few hundredweight ot cement, and the price. The ililburn L:me and Cement worxs wi"l supply cue bag. or more. There ere 18 bags ta ihe ten, and the price is 3s €d a bag. Rothschild asks for a remedy for the craving for strong drink. A cure for confirmed habits of inebriety must depend on the strong exerciss cf the will by the unfortunato subject of the bad hab.t Many remedies are recommended as aids in diverting or in a niinor degree fatiafjing tho appetite for strong liquors which are undoubtedly of great advantage in tome oases. A " rescued man " recommends a decoction of ground quassia, a half-ounce steeped in a pint of vinegar. Put a, teaspconful of this in a little wa.er and dunk it time the liquor thiist becomes violent. Ano'her remedy is as follows: — Add one ounca cf bruised fe,ei)ti«.n root ta one quart of boi'ing w-ater. Let this stand four hours, then strain- off the liqucr and add, two drachms of carbonate of ammonia. A wineglassiul may bo taken two or three times a ci-ay when the craving comes on. ' G. 8., Catlins. — Wild animals are not -n English law subjects of property. Special statutes have accordingly been enacted for t&e preservation pf ,game. Game, as a legal term, "" coinprUss hares, pheasant^ partridges, grouse, heath or moor gam. 1 , black game and bustards (1 and 2 Will iv) By "The Ground Game Act, 1880,' it is providfed that the occupier of land, tb-e tenancy >f which has been created ?ince September, 1880, shall have the right to kill ground game (hares and rabbits) thereon equally witli tbe landlnrA ««"! *W1

be unable to alienate this right, though he may authorire certain others to kill his game. Rabbits are evidently recognised *a ground game in one act. We cannot say -whether a poulterer could sell them without a license Constant Reader. Masterton, writes: — " When a cart i 9 travelling along a road, dees the top half of the whcsl travel through space faster than the bottom half? By the top half I mean that part of the wheel which is foT the time above the horizontal level of the axle. Of course, I understand that when the wheel has made one revolution *»ach part ha.s travelled l an. equal distance, but what I wish to decide is: Does the top half, while it is the top half, travel through space faster, and also dees it travel further? I am not asking this out of mere curiosity or for the sake of raising an argumsnt, but to see if you caoi settle one by giving an expert engineer's opinion or an ocular demonstration." Take a wheel or disc of any size and place marks on opposite sides of the rim, witb, say, chalk, one at i.he very highest point of the wheel and one at the lowest, where it is in contact with the ground. You can th&n easily prove for yourself and any sceptical percon that the tcp of a wheel running on the load moves much faster than i'be bottom. Stand the wheel against i vertical board or wall. Puf an arrow mark cm tfcis wall exactly above the top oi the isiiseel, and another mark or a weight on the ground exactly at the bottom of the wheel. Roll the latter along, and the top of the rim will be found to rapidly depart from the arrdtv, and will be some distance away from it, while the- bottom mark ha-s scarcely moved from th-e weight. It will become apparent that tha point of contact- with the ground is the real centre of motion or " fulcrum," though it is an ever-changing one. The speed of the rim on the rising side increases all the way up to the top, from which point it commences to ciecrease all down the ether si-die. The larg-er ihe diameter of the wheel the more marked will be the difference in the velocity of the top and bottom parts. Most persons make a mistake by confusing the simple rotation of a wheel round un axle and th* rolling of a wheel along- on a surface, which gives it a rotative motion and -a iorward "motion a? so. T R., Waihao Fcrks. psks when prohibition was first earned in the Clutba distrioi.? At the local option poll in March, 1894. It came into operation in the following July. Paper wants to know the best way to make paper stiok to a brick wall. The wall was at one time plastered and whitewashed. The whitening was scraped off as well as poasibl'S. but still the pav>er tracks and falls off ths wall. — — It is doubtful if you can succeed ia making paper adhere to _ such a wall, as pasve wiil not give satisfactory resu'ts under such circumstances. Probal>ly the most satisfactory way would be to give the wall a coating of the following cement: — C!ean river s-and 201b; litharge, 21b; quicklime, lib; sufficient linseed oil to form a thin pasts. This becomes after a time hard and dry and the paper would probably adhere to it Hi it had been properly smoothed. Bruce Passenger requested that the file of the Otago Witness should be looked up to decde whether the passengers by the ship Bruce, commanded by Captain Meiklejohn, landed in September 11 1860 r Septembe. 13. We regret that » perusal of our ft es will noi enable our correspondent to decide the point. In the issue of Saturday. Septenihnr 15, 1869, the arrival of the Bruce is given as on September 12, a full list of the passengers following, but no particulars as to the passage out. In the following Saturday a ist of the cargo is given, the date attached bwng September 15. In those days very httla was chronie'ed in the snipping columns beyond the arrivals and <£pa£ tures and the passenger Hats. Airship.— lf you communicated with Mr B. ■Ellis, hat factory, Kaikorai Valley roadj he could possibly give you the information you require. Inquirer, Malaghan's. — So far as can be ascertained. t*«re are no agents m Duned.n. nor in New Zealand, fcr tha New Hctue sewing machine. Crib writes:— " li, a, four-hand game at cribbase card's were played' as follows: — A played 4, B payed 3, C played 5, D's cards were a' l out. A played 4, B played 3. C played 6. Will you kindly inform, mo what tha mas were?" C scores 3 for the iuii of 3, 4, 5. A play, a 4, covering the one he previously played, and scenes 3 for tho run. B does the same with his second 3, ana scores anothei rua ot 3. C scores 4 'or the run of 3. 1, 5 6 and pre sumably cne for the lapt card. Dairy Farmer, Kenningicn.— You will find a partial rep y ti you* query about redwater m cattle irt the Farm and Station pages. We hope to deal with the question at gieater length next week. Broken River, Waihao.— Mr H. M.. Davey, consulting engineer, Princess street, re^ plies:— l have been to Messrs Thomson, Bridger, and Co.'s, and have seen what 1 think would be better than an ordinary ratchet brace for the size of holes you want. The apparatus is- a long throw ratchet brace, the ratchet part being probably useful for the lower holes, viluch will b» near the ground, and U this a Fifefield automatic attachment, which secures tho twist or other drill, and holds it to its work for bars cc pipes. The cost is 5s for the brace, and 15s for the atteehxnsnt, and -Is for Jin, or 12 -d for 5-lGin twist drills, each. To Ihis there would bi about Is 4d for jx>stage. This would ba a useful tool to have for lot' of work, as it supplies everything necessary for drilling, needing no cramp, etc., as in the old method 1 got the prices separately, us you did noi mention what you had or iid not neve. You might have the brace oi the drills. The attachment would fit any make of these, if you had the others. Engine.— Mr H. M Davey, consulting engineer, replies:— lf you ceJl at the post office you will get a rough sketch of the way to go abou making the apj.aratus you need. Instead of boltf you could da with rcpes, but b-lts are best lam supposing that you work on ths pulley. You gei a convenient piece of wood: zv.d cut a hollow in it, and ir a shor piece for bearnigs, and balance the whole before -tightening the bolt? up, with a bag with stones or sand, oi anything handy. Now, from the centre of the shaft you measure carefully t-o a convenient place on or near tho Mid of the lever, making it an even number of feet — that is five feet, or tix feet, or seven feet, or an> convenient number of feet, not edd inches, as it umkes the calculation easier. To this point or hole you connect your balance. You might have a block handily placed to prevent oversrtr&ming th balance which would be suspended from a beam, or other handy place. Now start the engine, and get it running well, and gradually tighten the

bolts, till the engine is Beginning to feel the strain, and pulls up slightly. 'All -that has to be done is to note the number, of lbs on the balance at the. same time that the revolutions per minute are being count ad. Now multiply the number of <feet from, the centre .of the shaft to the centre of the puli by the number of revolutions p«r minute, and the product by the number of lbs registered on the spring balance, and the whole by .0001904. Koto, if the balance goss below what it is marked for, what you would have to do would be to lengthen the lever and rebalance it As an example, suppose the length to be 4ft, the pull silbs, and the revolutions 102 per minute; then — 102 revs, per minute 4 ft, centre shaft, to centre pull 408 5J lbs puli on spring balance 102 2040 2142 .00104 | 8568 i 192.78 C 2142 4078368 or full 4 b.h p. tr> Okarito— Mr H. M. Davey replies: — J T»' m very Klad you have succeeded as you mmmm your present onW seem deep enough-that h i-om the outer rim, measuring towards the centre of the wheel to the bottom of iht bucket That will be your standard; he bucket being a sirni^ distance from the noint of one to the point of the next. The dotted line in the sketch is to divide fhe depth into two .equal parts the ra<ha &!toS of the buckets ; being the one haH ffif Sptf^SSorc^ofni^oul sft lkiI cP let £ 'know, but I think any mechanic will be able to do so. ENQUiBEK, Windsor.-Mr H, M. Davey consulting engineer. 91a Princes street replies -The embankment for the dam Kid be made of carefully selected *rth with sufficient but not too mucn clay, and sandj, but not sandy in excess ft should be caxefu.My cleansed before •u«e of -pebbles, roots, and any essily dec^mpLrbcdies. It should be laid carefully in successive Uyers about, say, 4m or so in thickness, well rammed, or, better still, compressed inth gloved rollers. It should always be protected on the water side by some sort of cloa* stonework to prevent the face being injured by the water. Each slope should measure at least 2ft thick to eacb foot in height, and the top should be from 6ft to 10ft wide, varying according to the height of the embankment. This account yi construction is taken from a work on those structures. Ido not think anything should be removed, unless any loose earth etc., andr even this couia be mixed with the sand and clay, as it seem* that thi is considered the best mixture for tbe purpose In these things the grease care should be exercised, and very especial care should be given in oases where- people, live or work oi may be anywhere where • they may suffer if anything gave way. Where the most of the material composing the embankment is porus there would have to be a core, as it is termed, of impervious clay, or the like, either in the ceMre cr probably prferably neaxer the water sA-i. otherwise the water would percolate the structure and would soon endanger its stability. A. 8.. Waikaka.— The best previous time for sculling three and a-quaxter miles in a, world's sculling championship race is 19min 25see, when Beach defeated Hanlon on the Nepean in 1887. Artist's time f^r the earoe distance on the Wanganui River •when he defeated Webb ir June of thia year was 18min 15sec. Subscriber. (Athol).— Harry Searle, the onetime world's sculling champion, met tis death by drowning.